• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 2000

This paper deals with the morphology and taxonomy of the first reported species of echinostome belonging to the genus Himasthla Dietz, 1909, found from dunlins (Calidris alpina sakhalina) in Korea. Birds were captured with mist-nets at the tidal flat of Yeochari, Kanghwa-gun, Kyunggi-do, Korea. The worms were removed from avian intestines in physiological saline, fixed, acetocarmine stained and observed. Himasthla kusasigi Yamaguti, which was found in 1939, was characterized morphologically by a long and slender body (5.27 mm in length), besetting with spines and reniform head collar (0.27 mm) in a form of a single and uninterrupted row of 31 spines. The oral sucker (0.057$\times$0.0684 mm) is smaller than the ventral sucker (0.35$\times$0.29 mm). The ventral sucker was close to the anterior extremity of the body. The worm had two elliptical testes (anterior 0.47$\times$0.30 mm, posterior 0.59$\times$0.27 mm). The testes were close to the posterior end of the body. The uterus was very long, winding and extending through at least two thirds of the body length. The ovary (0.13$\times$0.14mm) was round and small. Below the ovary, a round and small seminal receptacle was found.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1984

A scanning eletron microscopic study was performed to observe the tegumental surface of adult Fibricola seoulensis. The adult worms were collected from the small intestine of mice 5 days to 3 weeks after experimental infection with the metacercariae. The metacercariae were obtained from the viscera of the snakes, Matrix tigrina lateralis, by artificial digestion technique. The results were as follows: 1. The tegument of anterior body was covered with cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes and that of posterior body showed finger-like processes. The posterior body had 4-5 large transverse wrinklings which formed many discontinued shallow rugae. 2. The entire surface of anterior body was regularly arranged with the spines of which tips diverged into 3 to 4 points. They were densely packed in anterior mid-median portion of dorsal surface where appeared a few spines indented upto 5 points. Farther laterally and posteriorly from this portion, the pointed spines were more sparse and became single tipped and extended to anterior one-third of posterior body, 3. The posterior surface of oral sucker was armed with 50-60 spines having 2-3 tips and ventral sucker also covered with such spines. On anteriormost dorsal surface arranged 60-70 spade-shaped spines. The tribocytic organ was armed with many stout recurved pile-like spines arranged radially. 4. There were 3 types of sensory papillae. The ciliated knob-like (Type I) papillae were almost bilaterally symmetrical in ventral and dorsal surfaces of anterior body, and abundant especially aroundbases of oral and ventral suckers, tribocytic organ, and in lateral margins of anterior body. About 24 non-ciliated round swellings (Type II) were observed around each lip of oral and ventral suckers. The plate-like elevated papilla without cilium (Type III) was found to distribute only in posterior body. These 3 types of papillae seem to be tangoreceptive and/or rheoreceptive in function when their morphology and distributions are considered.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 1985

Aerial application tests with a biological insecticide (Thuricide$^{(R)}$) and two low toxicity insecticides, Diflubenzuron (Dimilin$^{(R)}$) and Triflumuron (Alsystin$^{(R)}$) were carried out against the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury). For experimental application by helicopter, dilutions of 30x and 45x Thuricide, 180x and 240x Alsystin, and 180x Dimilin were utilized. The solutions were applied at a rate of 30 liters per hectare. The results are as follows: 1) All treatments, Dimilin 25% wp, Thuricide wp, and Alsystin 25% wp, were found to very effec tive against fall webworm larvae. Percentages of mortality averaged between 93.9% and 97%. 2) No significant differences in percentages of larval kill were found between dilutions of Thuricide (30x and 45x) or Alsystin (180x and 240x). 3) Assessment of parasite densities in the treated areas 35 days after treatment indicated that percentages of reduction for all five species found, including Brachymeria lasus(Walker) (=obscurata [Walker]), were lower than for areas treated with the conventional insecticide Diplox$^{(R)}$ (trichlorfon) 25% wp. In particular, the percentage of reduction in Thuricide-treated areas was only 21% as compared with the untreated (control) areas. 4) Aerial applications of Dimilin were very effective and economical for control of the fall webworm by comparison with [aerial] applications of Thuricide.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.16 s.16
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• pp.77-88
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• 2004

This study evaluates the occurrences, phyfical weathering and biological deterioration on rock properties during the dissection process an object of stone pagoda in the Mireuksaji temple site. For restoration and conservation, all kinds of rock properties are carried out detailed scientific investigation and diagnosis. Constituting rocks of the pagoda composed mainly of equi-granular medium grained biotite that rock properties presumed to be use about 3,000 materials. Main external properties of the pagoda are total 446 materials, and the rock properties under the concentration load on the each floors occurred with overlapping fracture, weathering and deteriorations. The 84 materials show highly degraded about $18.8\%$ among the external properties. Representative physicochemical deteriorations are fracture, loss, break, exfoliation, degradation, grain shaped dissolution, relief surface, discoloration and hydroxide precipitates, in this study, the deterioration state of each properties give a precisely description and analysis. Coverage of lichen and algae on the rock surface represented about $85\%$. As the some properties, biological contaminants withered up when spray rock surface with diluted cleaning chemicals. Results of the study are utilized an application for restoration system and detailed investigation during the dissection process of stone cultural properties.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

Fungicide resistance study in Korea is still in its infancy, and most of those resistance studies are largely limited to newness of the detected resistant strains. In future, detection of fungicide-resistant strains has to be based on sensitivity distribution of pathogen populations to certain fungicides, and standard levels of certain fungicides for resistance should be determined under the basis of this data. Most of the early research on fungicide resistance in Korea has overlooked this point, and resulted in inconsistency and confusion for monitoring sensitivity shift of pathogen population among individual researchers. Fungicide resistance detected in vitro tests has to be documented in field trials by examining control efficacy against resistant and wild-type pathogen populations. Resistance detection in wife has to be correlated with lower activity in practice. Using this process, fungicide resistance will have a practical meaning. Fitness evaluation of resistant strains for survival is, in particular, of importance to determine the future stability of the resistance in the pathogen population. In fields, sensitivity change of pathogen populations should be carefully monitored with and without fungicide selection pressures to establish long-term management strategies against fungicide resistance. It is becoming an urgent task to provide information through research for designing and implementing successful counter-measures against fungicide resistance problems in Korea.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1994

In order to elucidate the patterns of tissue damage evoked by the scuticociliatids, eighteen fingerlings of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, heavily infected with an unidentified scuticociliatid were histopathologically examined. Skin layer with the underlying musculature were severely necrotized due to the infestation of the ciliates. However in the early lesions, both dermis and myofibres remained relatively intact compared with other surrounding loose connective tissues. Mild damages were found in more dense tissues. One or more scuticociliatids were recognized in the blood and lymph vessels of the loose connective tissues with or without destructive changes. Many of nerve trunks or ganglia were also parasitized with less marked histological damage in the parenchyma. Dura and its adjacent tissues in the spinal cord were severely necrotized with massive accumulation of the ciliates in subdural space. The parasitic invasion in the central nervous system was usually confined to the cortical region. In the gill, variable degenerative changes were occurred due to the invasion of the ciliates recognized in the blood vessels of branchial arches or primary filaments. From these results, it was strongly suggested that the scuticociliatids are very actively penetrated into the deep tissues mainly through the severe destruction of the loose connective tissue components and that the vascular system could play a role in the rapid distribution of the ciliates to the remote tissues or organs.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2014

Hydrolase activities of excretory-secretory products (ESP) and somatic extracts (SE) from Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anisakis pegreffii larvae were investigated by using API ZYM kit. In esterase group, acid phosphatase showed high activity from both of A. simplex (s.s.) and A. pegreffii. Esterase (C4) showed activity only from SE and A. simplex (s.s.) showed higher activity than A. pegreffii. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase showed higher activity in 3rd stage larvae than in 4th stage larvae of both species. In aminopeptidase group, only leucine arylamidase showed remarkable activity in SE of both anisakid species, and A. simplex (s.s.) SE showed higher activity than A. pegreffii SE. In glycosidase group, N-acetyl-${\beta}$-glucosaminidase, ${\alpha}$-mannosidase, ${\alpha}$-fucosidase showed higher activity in A. simplex (s.s.) than A. pegreffii, and 4th larvae showed higher activity than 3rd larvae. These differences in hydrolase activity of anisakid nematodes larvae are thought to be due to different metabolism such as growth, moulting, digestion and feeding.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the modern history of public health(PH) and suggest a way forward for PH nursing(PHN). Methods: This paper is a review article that derives results from literature review. Results: In the period of beginning (up to 1944), PHN began as the PH Department was created in the Hygiene Bureau in 1908 and tasks about nurses were legislated. PHN was limited to infectious disease tasks and performed mostly by missionaries. In the period of foundation formation (1945 to 1961), the Republic of Korea was founded, and PH policies and tasks were defined with the establishment of the central government organization and the applicable laws. In the period of foundation establishment (1962 to 1979), the Regional PH Act was amended, and as a result, PH Centers(PHCs) spread across the country. In the period of foundation expansion (1980 to 1994), the PH referral system of PHCs, PH Units, and Primary Health Care Post was established. In the period of organization in each area (1995 to 2005), PH programs reflecting changes in disease structure and public needs for the quality of life. A regional health care plan was launched. In the period of funtion expansion (2006 to present day), Centers for support health living were established. Conclusions: In the future, PH nurses need to have a macroscopic perspective that views PH through the overall PH system, and to expand from the existing healthcare concept to the national and global healthcare one.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1988

A coiled nematode, which was removed surgically from a Thai woman, was consulted to the authors in July, 1987. She was known to surfer from meningoencephalitis since she was in Thailand. Numerous eosinophils were detected from her CSF. The worm was 12.3mm long and 0.9mm wide. It had a head bulb beset with eight rows of spines, a cervical constriction, esophagus, cervical sacs, dark intestine and testis, Cuticle of anterior half of the worm was covered with numerous spines. The spines at anterior part was stout and had 3∼4 tips, but they became slender, shorter, single tipped and sparser and finally they disappeared posteriorly. Cuticular spines reappeared at tail which had 4 pairs of pedunculated papillae. By above morphological characteristics, the worm was identified as an adult male of Gnathostcma spinigerum. The Present case is the first authentic case of imported intracranial gnathostomiasis in Korea, although clinical informations of the case were obtained limitedly.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1988

To observe the clinical course and intestinal histopathology in heavy infection of Fibricola seoulensis, an experimental study was performed in mice. Clinical, experimental infection with 1, 000 metacercariae. On the 11th day after infection, the mice began to die and all of the infected mice were dead by the 16th day. The infected mice showed gradual weight loss. Occult blood was detected after the 10th day. Diarrhea accurred after the 9th day and was recognized in all of the infected mice on the 12th day. Hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin decreased significantily after the 12th day, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased in all infected mice. The histopathological changes were more marked in the duodenum than in the jejunum or ileum. Major changes were villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, with decreased villus/crypt ratio, inflammatory cell infiltration and stromal edema. The present results suggest that the cause of death of mice heavily infected with F. seoulensis should be malnutrition and severe fluid loss due to malabsorption, together with intestinal bleeding.