• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.29-73
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• 2007

This paper evaluates the effects of the Basic Subsidy Program provided to families with infants cared for in private day care centers. There has been a discrepancy in the price and quality level between public and private day care centers. Public day care centers which receive government support in their labor costs are able to maintain relatively higher quality at lower price than their private counterparts, while the majority of children are cared for at private day care centers. To reduce the gap of the price and quality of care between public and private day care centers by improving the quality and decreasing the price of private day care centers, the Basic Subsidy Program was introduced in 2006 to the private day care centers. The subsidies mainly aim to improve the quality and the accessibility of child care, and encourage mothers' labor supply. For this purpose, the provision of the Basic Subsidy Program imposed prerequisites to the care providers including minimum wage and four major insurances for teachers, and child-staff ratio. I examine whether the subsidies improve the quality of care, help mothers balancing work and family, and increase satisfaction with child care from mothers' perspective. Since the outcome variables that measure the quality of care are difficult to obtain, I instead use the input variables for quality production. Child-staff ratio, teachers' welfare, and care environment are considered. The relationship between these variables and the introduction of subsidies is examined. The 2004 National Survey of Child Care and Education and the 2004 National Survey of Day Care Centers are used for the base data set. To reflect the outcomes after the Basic Subsidy Program, equivalent data sets for households and care providers are constructed by the KDI Data Analysis Unit. Using these nationally representative data sets, information regarding child care is collected. The findings show that the subsidies contribute to the quality of care improving the input variables of quality production. The welfare of teachers is improved, and the child-staff ratio significantly decreases. As a result, the usage of private day care centers greatly increases even though the price level rarely changes. However, mothers' satisfaction with child care are rarely affected by the subsidies. Although the subsidies with no eligibility criteria enlarge the recipients, the actual effects to increase maternal labor supply or to improve satisfaction is limited. Given this findings, I suggest some modifications of subsidies to raise the effectiveness of the subsidy program.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-81
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• 2010

Since the Republic of Korea is highly dependent on fossil fuels despite high oil prices, it urgently needs to renew its economic and social system to cut carbon emissions and achieve green growth. Therefore, reforming or eliminating subsidies related to the use of fossil fuels is a timely and oppropriate policy recommendation for Korea. It would be a win-win deal for Korean society as it would not only reduce the use of environmentally harmful fossil fuels but also enhance economic efficiency. In particular, cross-subsidies for industrial, agricultural and night thermal-storage power services make up more than 80 percent of all subsidies provided to the entire electric power industry sector of Korea. Of these cross-subsidies, this paper analyzes the electricity subsidy for industries, which takes up the largest share (about KRW 1.6583 trillion yearly), among the environmentally harmful subsidies in the electric power sector. Thus, the paper focuses on the analysis of ripple effect anticipated when this is reformed. To examine the effects of this subsidy reform, price elasticities were estimated using the ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) model and quarterly data from 1990 to 2007. The main results of this study show that 1) annual energy demand for electric power in the industrial sector would drop by 12,475,930MWh and 2) $CO_2$ emissions would plummet by 2,644,897 tons per year if the subsidy were reformed. We can deduct from this that the abolition of environmentally harmful subsidies in the electric power sector in the Republic of Korea would considerably contribute to $CO_2$ emissions abatement in the country.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.469-470
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• 2015

V2G를 활성화기 위해서는 전기차 보급이 우선이며, 보급에 따라 충전인프라 구축도 이루어져야 할 것이다. 해외에서는 전기차 보급과 충전인프라 구축을 위해 많은 보조금 지급, 세금 감면, 의무화 제도, 기타 혜택 등을 통해 V2G를 활성화 하기 위한 기본적인 사항들을 준비 중에 있으며, 실제로 많은 성장을 통해 보급도 상당하게 되었음을 알 수 있었다. 위에 언급하였던 전기자와 충전인프라가 기본적으로 구축이 되었다면 그 뒤에 설계를 해야 할 부문은 충 방전 요금제로 보인다. V2G를 통해 우리는 전력수요피크 삭감, 주파수예비조정, 비상발전 등의 용도로 사용을 할 수 있으며, 사용 목적에 따라 요금을 어떤 방식으로 적용이 될 것인지는 앞으로 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다. 현재 국내에는 전기차 충전요금제는 지정되어 사용되고 있는 실정이며, 방전요금제는 설계가 되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 국내외 전기차 충전요금 사례를 비교하고 앞으로 V2G가 활성화 되었을 시 필요한 방전요금제 설계방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.57-77
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• 2017

To prevent the disincentive of labor supply under the current welfare system, we suggest the safety income system, a Korean version of negative income tax. Under the proposed system, for example, a household with four members whose annual income is less than 50 million wons will get financial support from the government. Under the safety income system, labor supply increases and so does the gross domestic product. The disposable income of low-income households increases, which alleviates the income gap among households. Analyzing the Household Income and Expenditure Survey data, we show that under the safety income system the disposable income differentials among households are reduced much more than under the current welfare system or under the universal basic income system.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

본 고에서는 n-Screen을 이용한 클라우드 기반 서비스들이 활용하는 대표적인 비즈니스 모델의 패턴을 살펴보고, 통신/방송 사업자, 단말 사업자, 서비스 사업자 및 OS 사업자별로 어떤 부분을 특화하여 비즈니스모델을 구성하고 있는지를 분석하여 정리하였다. 본 연구는 그 동안 n-Screen에 대한 기술적 측면과 서비스 측면에 대한 논의는 많이 있어왔지만 본격적으로 이와 관련된 비즈니스모델 측면의 검토를 했다는 것에 가치가 존재한다. 본 연구를 위해 비즈니스모델 젠1)에 포함된 툴킷 중 하나인 4by4 비즈니스 모델 매트릭스를 활용하였다. 이를 통해 n-Screen을 이용한 클라우드 서비스들이 주로 상품 측면에서는 번들링, 교차보조금 방식을 채택하고 있고, 채널 측면에서는 채널통합과 채널분화, 수익모델 측면에서는 프리미엄과 구독을 주로 활용함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 각 사업자별로 조금씩 다르게 특화되어 활용되고 있는데 이러한 차이를 유발하는 가장 큰 요인은 각 사업자들의 근거하고 있는 주요 수익원과 핵심역량의 차이에 기인한다. 결론적으로 n-Screen을 이용한 클라우드 서비스를 제공하려는 기업들은 먼저 비즈니스 모델을 이해하고 자사의 고유역량을 극대화하여 수익원을 강화하고, 부가 수익을 창출하는 방향으로 기본전략을 잡아야 할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구를 통해 기존에 n-Screen을 사업에 활용하던 기업이나 신규로 n-Screen 사업을 시작하려고 하는 기업에게 비즈니스모델 측면에서의 인사이트를 제공하고 이를 기반으로 사업을 기획하는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.72
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• pp.121-145
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• 2015

The public broadcasting in Korea are currently financed primarily through license fees paid by anyone who holds a TV set. This paper aimed for other options; How can we have a stable cash flow for public broadcasting account for right incentives, lack of sufficient government intervention, efficiency and quality? As this paper shows, bringing taxes more efficient and fairer, while a solid foundation for the public broadcasting finance; combined with an incentive based payment system this may be a sensible alternative to the forthcoming poll tax.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.467-470
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• 2013

Telecommunication cost have been increasing successively in Korean hoseholds and its level is high now. Even though here are a lot of issues related to the high bill of mobile telecommunication services, plausible solutions have not been provided yet. 99% of Koreans use mobile phones and it is the highest rate in the world, but bill is relatively high. This situation may be brought by the government policy selection that it supports three mobile telecom companies systems. Thus least efficient company should be supported to sustain by pricing policy and MVNO cannot come into the market. The government can make mobile pricing system consider revenue and cost only in proper manner and constrain marketing cost in the rational level. And it can reduce mobile bill levels and selection rights of consumers by restraining too much complicated bill system. Fairness of mobile phone bill levels could be achieves by mobile telecommunication structure improvement through active MVNOs and reduction of excessive marketing costs. Mobile bills can be made more acceptable if the base is measured rate system.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2018

The insect industry in Korea has been supported by the Act of Fostering and Supporting Insect Industry since 2010. Based on the Act, insect breeders are entitled as farmers. However, the insect industry is not included in the Fundamental Act of Agriculture, Rural Community and Food Industry which defines all concepts, such as agriculture, farmers, and agricultural products. Legally and strictly speaking, there is no method to defense the insect industry when an argument is raised that insect industry is not included into agriculture, so persons who breed insects are not eligible for all agricultural supports and subsidies of the government. Thus, it is necessary to clear the legal status of insect industry by revising the related laws and regulations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1975-1985
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• 2013

Telecommunication costs have been increasing successively in Korean households. Even though there are a lot of issues related to the high charges of mobile telecommunication services, plausible solutions have not been provided yet. 99% of Koreans use mobile phones and it is the highest in the world, but charges are relatively high. This situation may be brought by the government policy that supports 'three companies system.' Even the least efficient company might sustain by a tacit bottom price policy and the government did not introduce MVNO into the market. The government can make mobile phone charge system consider cost only in a proper manner and constrain marketing costs to the rational level. And it can reduce mobile charges and rights of consumers must be respected by restraining too much complicated rates system. Fairness of mobile phone charges could be achieved by mobile phone market structure improvement through active introduction of MVNOs and reduction of excessive marketing costs. If proper market structure and policy management are secured, 30% cut of charges could be achieved. And mobile service bills may be made more acceptable if charge is based on a measured rate system according to the amount of data usage.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.11-11
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• 1998

출연기관 감사업무 효율화 방안은 네가지 측면에서 정리하여 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 법률적 측면에서 보면 감사원법에서 출연금은 감사대상에 포함되어 있어 출연기관은 감사제도를 운영하게 되어있다. 둘째, 정책적 측면에서 국회에 의한 국정감사는 연 1 회 총 20일간에 걸쳐 수행되므로 시간적 제약과 함께 지속성, 일관성 있는 적절한 감사가 이루어지기 어려운 측면이 있다. 셋째, 행정적 측면에서의 필요성은 일반적으로 이공계 연구개발 업무를 수행하고 있는 과학기술부 산하의 출연연구소는 정부기관이나 지방자치단체 또는 보조금 지원 기관과는 그 성격이 완연히 다른 연구기관임으로 연구생산성 제고에 적합한, 기관 특설에 맞는 자체 규정의 보완이 필요하다. 마지막으로 사회문화적으로 감사업무는 능률우선주의보다는 서류체계 및 규제중심으로 편향되기 쉬운 특성이 있어 이에 대한 개선방안 노력이 매우 중요하다. 출연기관의 감사기능은 내부.외부감사에 의하여 수행되고 있으나, 감사(監査)의 핵심적 기능은 역시 출연기관 자체의 감사(監事)에 의하여 수행되며 성격상 공정성(Fairness), 객관성(Objectivity), 신뢰성(Reliability)의 확보가 필수적이다. 출연기관 감사제도의 개선방향은 합법성, 합목적성을 근거로 기관운영의 효율성을 제고시키는데 초점을 맞춘 감사제도로 개선되어야한다. 감사조직체계의 개선, 전문 교육의 실시, 동일업무의 기준 마련, 상급기관과의 역할분담 정립 등으로 감사업무의 질적수준 및 효율성을 제고해야 한다. 감사평가제도는 그동안 실시된 사항이 없으므로 긍정적인 측면과 부정적인 측면이 공존하므로 평가제도의 도입 및 적용에 대해서는 보다 심층적인 검토가 필요하다. $[$감사조직의 평가요소$]$ ■ 투입요소측면 - 감사인력 - 장비 및 고정자산 - 예산(년도별) - 정보수집관리 - 조직운영방식 -전통 및 관습 - 관계법령, 규정, 감사업무지침 ■ 산출요소측면 - 감사운영 실적 - 감사보고 실적 - 감사제도 개선 및 자체개혁 실적 - 기관운영 효율화 기여도 - 기관의 연구성과 및 업적 향상 기여도 - 경영관리 고도화 기여도 등의 항목설정이 가능 출연기관 감사업무의 효율화 방안으로 감사제도 개선의 기본방향, 감사조직 및 인력운영의 개선, 감사업무 운영체계의 개선 등을 중심으로 발전방향을 제시하였다. 그러나 여기에서 제시된 개선방안들을 추진하기 위해서는 전문인력을 보강하고 상부체계에서의 수용이 요구되므로 출연기관 권역에서만으로의 힘으로는 한계가 있을 것이며 무엇보다도 감사제도 변화의 필요성과 미래지향적인 환경이 조성되어야 할 것이다.