• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.234-244
• /
• 2021

Purpose: To date, studies of firearm and explosive injuries in the Korean military have been limited compared to its importance. To overcome this, this study examined the characteristics of musculoskeletal damages in soldiers who have suffered firearm and explosive injuries over the past four years. Materials and Methods: From January 2015 to July 2019, military forces who had suffered musculoskeletal injuries from firearms or explosive substances were included. The medical records and radiographs were reviewed retrospectively, and telephone surveys about Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) for this group were conducted. To compare the functional outcomes, statistical analysis was performed using a t-test for the types of weapons, and ANOVA for others. Results: Of the 61 patients treated for firearms and explosives injuries, 30 patients (49.2%) were included after undergoing orthopedic treatment due to musculoskeletal injury. The average age at injury was 26.4 years old (21-52 years old). The number of officers and soldiers was similar. Eleven were injured by gunshot and 19 by an explosive device. Sixteen were treated in the Armed Forces Capital Hospital and 10 at private hospitals. More than half of the 16 patients (53.3%) with a fracture had multiple fractures. The most common injury site was the hand (33.3%), followed by the lower leg (30.0%). There were 14 patients (46.7%) with Gustilo-Anderson classification 3B or higher who required a soft tissue reconstruction. Fifteen patients agreed to join the SMFA survey for the functional outcomes. Between officers and soldiers, officers had better scores in the Bother Index compared to soldiers (p=0.0045). Patients treated in the Armed Forces Capital Hospital had better scores in both the Dysfunction and Bother Index compared to private hospitals (p=0.0008, p=0.0149). Conclusion: This is the first study to analyze of weapons injuries in the Korean military. As a result of the study, the orthopedic burden was high in the treating patients with military weapon injuries. In addition, it is necessary to build a military trauma registry, including firearm and explosive injuries, for trauma treatment evaluation and development of military trauma system.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.4 no.1 s.6
• /
• pp.15-29
• /
• 2005

Truck Shipment Safety Information, which is a part of the development of NERIS is divided into Optimal Route Guidance System and Emergency Response System. This research is for establishing an advance warning system, which aims for preventing damages(fire, explosion, gas-escape etc.) and detecting incidents that are able to happen during transporting hazardous materials in advance through monitoring the position of moving vehicles and the state of hazardous materials in real-time. This research is peformed to confirm the practical possibility of application of the advance warning system that monitors whether the hazardous materials transport vehicles move the allowed routes, finds the time and the location of incidents of the vehicles promptly and develops the emergency system that is able to respond to the incidents as well by using the technologies of CPS, CDMA and CIS with testing the ability of performance. As the results of the test, communication accuracies are 99$\%$ in freeway, 96$\%$ in arterial, 97$\%$ in hilly sections, 99$\%$ in normal sections, 96$\%$ in local sections, 99$\%$ in urban sections and 98$\%$ in tunnels. According to those results, the system has been recorded a high success rate of communication that enough to apply to the real site. However, the weak point appeared through the testing is that the system has a limitation of communication that is caused in the rural areas and certain areas where are fewer antennas that make communication possible between on-board unit and management server. Consequently, for the practical use of this system, it is essential to develop the exclusive en-board unit for the vehicles and find the method that supplements the receiving limitation of the GPS coordinates inside tunnels. Additionally, this system can be used to regulate illegal acts automatically such as illegal negligence of hazardous materials. And the system can be applied to the study about an application scheme as a guideline for transporting hazardous materials because there is no certain management system and act of toxic substances in Korea.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.117-121
• /
• 2007

The number of internet users and the scale of electronic on-line trading are on the increase due to the development of information technology and the internet. The aim of this study was to monitor the accuracy of country-of-origin labels and the indicated contents of meat available by electronic on-line trading by using a structural interview sheet for 100 on-line meat product markets. The result of this investigation showed a 100% level of accuracy for business name and telephone number whereas the company address, meat manufacturer and supplier, and business registration were less reliable. We also investigated the accuracy of site policy, e-mail address, and fax number. The results showed that the accuracy of fax numbers was the lowest. The product name and the kind of meat actually in the product showed a 100% level of conformity, while the price (96.3%), place of origin (93.6%), capacity (90.4%), meat parts (80.9%) and contents of the product (73.4%) showed a relatively low level of conformity. Serious safety issues were exposed by the disturbingly low 20.2% accuracy of indicated expiration dates and 5.3% accuracy of indicated manufacturing dates. To ensure food safety, it is essential to improve consumer understanding and trust regarding food safety through continuous public relations. More education and information are needed to raise consumer awareness of the facts versus myths regarding food safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.84 no.6
• /
• pp.1309-1323
• /
• 2023

Purpose To assess the quality of four images obtained using single-breath-hold (SBH), single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) and multiple-breath-hold (MBH) SSFSE with and without deep-learning based reconstruction (DLR) in patients with Crohn's disease. Materials and Methods This study included 61 patients who underwent MR enterography (MRE) for Crohn's disease. The following images were compared: SBH-SSFSE with (SBH-DLR) and without (SBH-conventional reconstruction [CR]) DLR and MBH-SSFSE with (MBH-DLR) and without (MBH-CR) DLR. Two radiologists independently reviewed the overall image quality, artifacts, sharpness, and motion-related signal loss using a 5-point scale. Three inflammatory parameters were evaluated in the ileum, the terminal ileum, and the colon. Moreover, the presence of a spatial misalignment was evaluated. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated at two locations for each sequence. Results DLR significantly improved the image quality, artifacts, and sharpness of the SBH images. No significant differences in scores between MBH-CR and SBH-DLR were detected. SBH-DLR had the highest SNR (p < 0.001). The inter-reader agreement for inflammatory parameters was good to excellent (κ = 0.76-0.95) and the inter-sequence agreement was nearly perfect (κ = 0.92-0.94). Misalignment artifacts were observed more frequently in the MBH images than in the SBH images (p < 0.001). Conclusion SBH-DLR demonstrated equivalent quality and performance compared to MBH-CR. Furthermore, it can be acquired in less than half the time, without multiple BHs and reduce slice misalignments.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.428-432
• /
• 1999

Background: It has been shown that low-grade electrical stimulus can transform fatigue resistant muscles which then can be used to protect the heart. The bulky and cumbersome power sources of the artificial heart or implantable ventricular assist devices are still in need of solution; however, on the other hand, the implantable ventricular assist devices using the resistant muscles as the power source have the advantages of using its own muscle contractions. The purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of a clinical application of the skeletal muscle ventricle. Material and Method: Latissimus dorsi muscles (LDM) of 8 canines were used for skeletal muscle ventricle. A latex chamber was wrapped one and a half times with LDM. The chamber was attached to a pressure transducer via Tygon tube. An electrode stimulator was placed around the thoracodorsal nerve and LDM was stimulated in cyclic bursts of 0.31 sec on time and 6.0 sec off time using 3.0 volt Itrel stimulator. The preload volume was added to the system in 25cc increments. Ejection volumes, pressures, and peak power outputs were measured. Result: Ejection volume was 76.3cc with 0cc of preload. Ejection volumes were less than 70ml with increments of preload over 75cc Pressures were more than 107 mmHg when the preloads were less than 75cc and less than 100 mmHg when the preloads were more than 100cc. Peak power output of 16.6 W/kg was observed at 50cc preload. Conclusion: Depending on the changes of preload, the volumes ejected from skeletal muscle ventricle and pressures from the skeletal muscle contraction surpassed those of the normal heart. These data suggest that there are clinical applications for skeletal muscle ventricular assist system.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.267-277
• /
• 2009

Recently implant supported single crown is the popular treatment option to replace a single missing tooth. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze and evaluate the survival of implants with the $TiUnite^{TM}$ surface for single tooth replacement. From September 2002 to December 2006, 269 TiUniteTM surfaced implants were used in single tooth replacements at the Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center. Twenty one cases were excluded because of neighbor implants, missing records & short follow up period. Among 248 implants, the 129 implants (52.0%) were inserted in the maxilla and 119 (48.0%) in the mandible. One hundred implants placement (40.3%) were combined with guided bone regeneration, and 36 implants placement (14.5%) were combined with sinus bone augmentation. Mean observation period was $26.0{\pm}11.8$ months after implant placement. Twelve implants were recorded as failures, rendering a single implant survival rate of 95.2% over the observation period. Among failed 12 implants, 10 implants placed in the maxilla. The survival rate in the maxilla was 92.2% and in the mandible was 98.3%. The use of $TiUnite^{TM}$ surfaced single implant placement showed high survival rate for short time period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
• /
• 2004.03a
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 2004

최근 급속한 도시의 팽창과 산업의 발전으로 인하여 가스시설은 급속히 확대되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 가스시설물의 중요성을 인식하고 많은 도시가스업체에서는 가스관망 시설정보를 전산화하여 항상 최신의 현황을 유지할 수 있는 가스시설물관리시스템을 개발하여 사용하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 시스템은 가스시설물의 현황파악 및 유지관리를 위한 기본적인 기능만을 제공하는 관계로, 가스 누출사고 발생시 정확한 사태의 파악과 함께 신속한 대책 마련을 위한 의사결정 지원이 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 체계적인 가스사고관리를 수행할 수 있는 응용시스템의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 본 연구에서는 가스사고분석을 신속하고 체계적으로 수행할 수 있는 가스사고관리 적용알고리즘 분석 및 최적의 알고리즘을 정립하여 가스사고관리시스템을 구현하였다. 본 연구를 통한 결과는 1ㆍ2차 차단밸브의 산정이 가능해짐으로써 빈번한 가스 누출사고 발생시 실시간으로 적정대처방안의 제시가 가능하게 되었다. 또한, 누출 최대가스량을 제시함으로써 누출에 대한 피해예상 분석을 위한 정보 제공 및 가스의 신속한 재공급을 위해 필요한 의사결정 지원 정보의 제공이 가능하게 되었다. 아울러, 가스누출사고에 의한 가스공급중단 관로 및 수용가에 대한 속성현황의 파악은 물론 시각적인 도식을 통한 전체적 현황파악이 가능하였다. 이러한 가스사고관리시스템의 개발을 통하여 사고 발생시 신속한 사고방안 제시 및 사고피해의 최소화를 위해 필요한 의사결정 지원 정보의 제공이 가능하게 됨으로써 국민의 안전 및 복지와 도시가스업체의 업무 효율화로 인한 예산절감 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 가시권 분석기능을 이용하여 실제 지형공간상에서 전파경로 손실치를 도시화함으로써 전파관리자가 무선서비스지역 설계, 전파음영지역 판단, 최적 중계기와 기지국 위치 선정에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.하지 않은 지역과 서로 다른 분광특성을 나타내므로 별도의 Segment를 형성하게 된다. 따라서 임상도의 경계선으로부터 획득된 Super-Object의 분광반사 값과 그 안에서 형성된 Sub-Object의 분광반사값의 차이를 이용하여 임상도의 갱신을 위한 변화지역을 탐지하였다.라서 획득한 시추코아에 대해서도 각 연구기관이 전 구간에 대해 동일하게 25%의 소유권을 가지고 있다. ？스굴 시추사업은 2008년까지 수행될 계획이며, 시추작업은 2005년까지 완료될 계획이다. 연구 진행과 관련하여, 공동연구의 명분을 높이고 분석의 효율성을 높이기 위해서 시료채취 및 기초자료 획득은 4개국의 연구원이 모여 공동으로 수행한 후의 결과물을 서로 공유하고, 자세한 전문분야 연구는 각 국의 대표기관이 독립적으로 수행하는 방식을 택하였다 ？스굴에 대한 제1차 시추작업은 2004년 3월 말에 실시하였다. 시추작업 결과, 약 80m의 시추 코아가 성공적으로 회수되어 현재 러시아 이르쿠츠크 지구화학연구소에 보관중이다. 이 시추코아는 2004년 8월 중순경에 4개국 연구팀원들에 의해 공동으로 기재된 후에 분할될 계획이다. 분할된 시료는 국내로 운반되어 다양한 전문분야별 연구에 이용될 것이다. 한편, 제2차 시추작업은 2004년 12월에서 2005년 2월 사이에 실시될 계획이다. 수백만년에 이르는 장기간에 걸쳐 지구환경변화 기록이 보존되어 있는 ？스굴호에 대한

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.283-290
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study compared the marginal bone loss around dental implant that were placed in the canine areas of the mandibles and finded the survival rate of implants, marginal bone loss around implants and prosthetic complications in 10 patients treated with overdentures retained with Locator attachments. Materials and methods: Ten patients who had received implant retained overdentures in the mandibules using two implants and Locator attachments at Daegu Catholic University Medical Center from 2004 to 2010 were included in this study. Evaluations of the survival rate of implants, marginal bone loss and prosthetic complications were performed. Results: Implants placed in this study showed a 100% survival rate and the average annual bone loss was 1.03 mm ${\pm}$ 0.20 mm in the first year. The patients have verbally indicated that they are comfortable and that their overdentures function well. But, implant retained overdentures had various prosthetic complications such as male change, relining, rebasing and denture fracture. Conclusion: Implant retained overdentures using two implant and Locator attachments in the fully edentulous mandibles is considered as a stable way for long terms because of minimal invasive operation, simple prosthetic process and easy repair.

• Water for future
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.71-82
• /
• 1994

A statistical characteristics, relations of calendar and water year, and frequencies of precipitaion which are necessary for water resources planning were analyzed with long historical data(1905-1991 years). And the analysis of precipitation of the drought periods in 1967-1968 years was carried out. The study basins are the five major rivers in Korea. As a results of this study, annual precipitation shows an increasing trend but its variation has no statistical significance. The rellations of calendar and water year precipitation is presented, it shows that there are little difference of the total precipitation between them. The annual minimum series of total precipitation for the periods of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months by water year are constructed, and frequency precipitation for each periods using 2-parameter lognormal distribution is presented. The analysis of the precipitation in 1967-1968 years shows in a natural river basins that it would be a moderate drought, if dry seasons(Oct-May) or wet seasons(Jun-Sep) has 75 percents of historical mean precipitation of the same periods. And if it has less than 60 percents of historical mean precipitation, it would be a severe drought.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.161-172
• /
• 2003

This study has evaluated the stream gauge network with the main emphasis on if the current stream gauge network can catch the runoff characteristics of the basin. As the evaluation of the stream gauge network in this study does not consider a special purpose of a stream gauge, nor the effect from a hydraulic structure, it becomes an optimization of current stream gauge network under the condition that each stream gauge measures the natural runoff volume. This study has been applied to the Nam-Han River Basin for the optimization of total 31 stream gauge stations using the entropy concept. Summarizing the results are as follows. (1) The unit hydrograph representing the basin response from rainfall can be transferred into a probability density function for the application of the entropy concept to optimize the stream gauge network. (2) Accurate derivation of unit hydrographs representing stream gauge sites was found the most important part for the evaluation of stream gauge network, which was assured in this research by comparing the measured and derived unit hydrographs. (3) The Nam-Han River Basin was found to need at least 28 stream gauge stations, which was derived by considering both the shape of the unit hydrograph and the runoff volume. If considering only the shape of the unit hydrograph, the number of stream gauges required decreases to 23.