• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.559-570
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• 2011

The role of jurisprudence is examined in the early history of probability and statistics. From the mid-17th to the early 18th century, Christiaan Huygens and Jacob Bernoulli used mathematical expectation to solve the problems that originated from games of chance. We demonstrate that their concept of expectation as a fair price for participating in a game came from the legal concept of 'fair trade'. In addition, we consider that the probability that Bernoulli defined in his Ars Conjectandi originated from the legal concept of 'degree of certainty'. After considering some contributions of Laplace and Poisson, we examined the history of census and statistical survey in the early 19th century. Contrary to the history of the 17th and 18th century, statistics influenced society and law in the 19th century.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1281-1288
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• 2010

We consider Yut board game with four Yut sticks which are of the same shape and the same size so that they have the same probability of showing back when they are tossed. Since, in Yut board game, a player have to toss four sticks one more when sawi Mo or sawi Yut appears, the player may be interested in the distance which Mal can move in one's turn. Therefore, the probability mass function of the distance is obtained and probabilities with several values of back probability are summarized in a table. Also, the expectation, the variance, the skewness, and the kurtosis of the distribution are calculated and their values are also tablized for some values of back probability.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.17.1-17.1
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• 1999

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.107-119
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• 2010

In this paper we study the expectation from the past which would be based in the initial Probability Theory. These study can show the value of expectation in the initial concept of Probability and illuminate the concept being taught.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.65-70
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• 2016

최근 스마트폰의 이용 사례가 증가함에 따라, 스마트폰에 내장되어 있는 다양한 센서를 이용하여 인간의 행동을 인식하기 위한 연구가 많은 각광을 받고 있다. 본고에서는 인간의 기본적인 행동 중에 앉기, 걷기, 달리기 등의 행동 특성을 스마트폰에 내장되어 있는 3축 가속도 센서를 통하여 분석하고 인간의 기본적 행동을 자동으로 인식하기 위한 방법에 대하여 비교 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 구체적으로는 스마트폰에 내장되어 있는 3차원 가속도 센서로부터 추출된 데이터를 시간축에서 샘플링하여 인간의 행동을 인식하기 위한 기댓값 최대화 알고리즘, 랜덤 포레스트, 딥러닝 기반의 기계학습 방법을 비교하여 각 기계학습 알고리즘의 장단점을 분석한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.125-150
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• 2017

The study seeks to establish a theoretical basis for extending the accessibility and availability of records to the public area. For the purpose, the study links the target and scope of archival literacy with official document literacy and proves the relationship between the elements of archival literacy and official public literacy. The literature reviews and survey comparing public officers and undergraduates are conducted. The results of the survey are as follow; public officers with official document literacy showed higher the degree of actual use and awareness than undergraduates; awareness was higher than the degree of actual use in all questions and factors; all correlations showed a positive correlation. In the public officers group, the correlation between 'communication as public officers' and 'analytical concepts' (0.626) was the highest, In the undergraduates group, the correlation between 'communication as the public' and 'analytical concepts' (0.561) was the highest, As a whole, the respondents show the highest correlation between 'communication as the public' and 'analytical concepts' (0.563); As a result, the group with official document literacy is more aware of the homogeneity between official document literacy and archival literacy.

• School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.423-446
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• 2011

In school mathematics, concepts of definite integral and integration by substitution have mathematical connection with introduction of probability density function, expectation of continuous random variable, and standardization of normal distribution. However, we have difficulty in finding mathematical connection between integration and continuous probability distribution in the curriculum manual, 13 kinds of 'Basic Calculus and Statistics' and 10 kinds of 'Integration and Statistics' authorized textbooks, and activity books applied to the revised curriculum. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a teaching method connected with mathematical concepts of integral in regard to three concepts in continuous probability distribution chapter-introduction of probability density function, expectation of continuous random variable, and standardization of normal distribution. To find mathematical connection between these three concepts and integral, we analyze a survey of student, the revised curriculum manual, authorized textbooks, and activity books as well as 13 domestic and 22 international statistics (or probability) books. Developed teaching method was applied to actual classes after discussion with a professional group. Through these steps, we propose the result by making suggestions to revise curriculum or change the contents of textbook.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.871-877
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• 2021

Aircraft defects are important matters directly related to the operation of the aircraft and the life of the pilot. The defects in the mission software that occur during aircraft control seriously affect the pilot's mission performance and safety. Therefore, the organization in charge of aircraft development or software defects are reinforced in the process to identify and eliminate defects in the early stages of development, and a lot of labor and time are spent, but due to the nature of the mission software, strong functional coupling with other avionics and high complexity, so there are restrictions on the identification and removal of software defects through the existing test method. This study analyzes the effect of securing mission software integrity and reducing test cost through data integrity verification by developing a tool that automates the verification of expected value of feedback data among communication data of mission computer interlocking equipment.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

Ambient backscatter communication is limited to channel estimation technique through a pilot signal, which is a channel estimation method in current RF communication, due to transmission power efficiency. In a limited transmission power environment, the research of traditional ambient backscatter communication has been studied assuming that it is an ideal channel without signal distortions due to channel conditions. In this paper, we propose an expectation-maximization(EM) algorithm, one of the blind channel estimation techniques, as a channel estimation method in ambient backscatter communication system which is the state of channel following normal distribution. In the proposed system model, the simulations confirm that channel estimate through EM algorithm is approaching the lower bound of the mean square error compared with the Bayesian Cramer-Rao Boundary(BCRB) to check performance. It shows that the channel parameter can be estimated in the ambient backscatter communication system.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.107-112
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• 2022

In an embedded system such as a drone, it is difficult to store, transfer and analyze the entire hyper-spectral image to a server in real time because it takes a lot of power and time. Therefore, the hyper-spectral image data is transmitted to the server through dimension reduction or compression pre-processing. Feature selection method are used to send only the bands for analysis purpose, and these algorithms usually take a lot of processing time depending on the size of the image, even though the efficiency is high. In this paper, by improving the temporal disadvantage of the band selection algorithm, the time taken 24 hours was reduced to around 60-180 seconds based on the 40000*682 image resolution of 8GB data, and the use of 7.6GB RAM was significantly reduced to 2.3GB using 45 out of 150 bands. However, in terms of pixel classification performance, more than 98% of analysis results were derived similarly to the previous one.