• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.521-530
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• 2019

With a view to respond to urban climate change issues and improve the urban environment in a qualitative manner, the strategy of multi-dimensional greening of the traditional markets in the City of Seoul to secure the multi-dimensional green spaces can result in a significant effect in terms of landscaping, environment, and spatial aspect. The purpose of this study is to examine the elements of multi-dimensional greening for the multi-dimensional greening of buildings in order to enhance the greening function within urban phenomena and, with this, establish the criteria for success introduction of multi-dimensional greening and its qualitative expansion. For this, a total of 569 consumers of traditional markets have been interviewed, and the data from their questionnaires were analyzed through SPSS and AMOS software. The result of the analysis showed that the elements of the multi-dimensional greening of traditional markets, such as the economical, physical, functional, visual, and facility aspects all affected the consumer expectation in a positive manner. Also, depending on the gender of the customers of traditional markets, the ecological aspect among the elements of multi-dimensional greening had a significant difference. And, by the age, the functional, physical, and visual aspects of the elements of multi-dimensional greening showed a significant different. And, the expectation on the multidimensional greening of traditional markets also showed a statistically significant difference. By the level of education, there were significant differences in terms of the physical and visual aspects of the multi-dimensional greening elements. And, the level of expectation on the multidimensional greening also differed significantly.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was done to explore the relationship between expectations of the clinical ladder system (CLS), career commitment and turnover intention in nurses employed in small-medium sized hospitals. Methods: Participants were 154 nurses from 3 small-medium sized hospitals in Gyeonggi Province and Gwangju City. From February, 8 to April, 14, 2017, self-report questionnaires were collected and analyzed using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, and Person correlation coefficients. Results: Of the participant nurses, 61% perceived the CLS as needed. The mean score for expectation of CLS, career commitment, and turnover intention on 5-point scale were 3.38, 3.17, 3.21, respectively. There were no significant differences in expectation of CLS according to general characteristics, but career commitment and turnover intention did show significant differences depending on age, position, type of work shift. Expectation of CLS correlated positively with career commitment (r=.23, p=.005), and career commitment correlated negatively with turnover intention (r=-.49, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show that there is a need to adopt the clinical ladder system to improve career commitment.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.580-587
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• 2012

Purpose: To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of outcome expectations-2 for exercise. Methods: The Korean version of outcome expectations for exercise-2 was developed through forward-backward translation techniques. Content, criterion, and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis and an internal consistency reliability were conducted. Survey data were collected from 200 older adults living in a community. Results: The Korean version of outcome expectations for exercise-2 had factor loadings of the 13 items ranged from .20 to .76, and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI=.829, NFI=.754, RMSEA=.086). Also there was a reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for the positive domain of outcome expectations for exercise scale-2 of .73. Negative domain, however, reported slightly low Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of .63. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that the Korean version of outcome expectations for exercise-2 had satisfactory validity to measure expectations regarding exercise among older adults in Korea. Negative domain, however, should be retested to verify reliability for the further study.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 1999

This study focuses on the beginning of transition to parenthood expectation and applies the exchange theory in order to examine reward and cost of transition to parenthood expectation and picks up the main cause effecting it. This study conducted structured questionnaires to total 330 first pregnant women and examined descriptive statistics and t-test F-test analysis by using collected data. And here are the result of research. First the transition to parenthood expectation expected rewards much more than costs and had much importance on individual aspects in parenthood. The more were they aged hardly educated and housewives the higher did they showed expectation of reward. The less did they have high education the more did they expect costs of the transition to parenthood expectation. Second to examined the reward/cost of transition to parenthood expectation according to martial satisfaction the more did they have martial satisfaction the more did they expectation of the rewa ds on transition to parenthood expectation. On the contrary the more did they respect from husbands the less did they cost of transition to parenthood expectation. This study would be helpful to lead family life having childbirth to the positive way be examining the process from childbirth plan to delivery. Also it will be applicable to seek for the methods to help would-be parents as basic data on material on education about transition to parenthood.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.22-27
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• 2019

Along with the universalization of smartphones, smartphone addiction is becoming a physical and mental social problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relevance of the problems caused by addiction in 300 adolescents, adults and the elderly. The results showed that the use of SNS and messenger were most related to the negative factors such as health problems, depression, antisocial, schizophrenia, lower self-esteem, and lower social expectation. In addition, games and videos were analyzed to have relatively low negative problems. Focusing on the high addiction rate, the researcher further analyzed the preference for problem solution and discussed the improvement measures for smartphone addiction reduction.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.77-97
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• 2007

The 420 employees as subject for emprical analysis were selected in Banwol & Sihwa Industrial Complex in Ansan area. This study shows the followings; 1. In the group where the task is unstructured and the subordinate's ability is high, the achievement - oriented and participative leader behavior have positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy. 2. In the group where the task is unstructured and the subordinate's ability is low, the directive leader behavior has no significant impact on the subordinate's expectancy. 3. In the group where the task is structured and the subordinate's ability is high, the supportive leader behavior has positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy. 4. In the group where the task is structured and the subordinate's ability is low, only supportive leader behavior has positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy, and the directive leader behavior has on significant impact. Finally this study indicates the implication for future theoretical and empirical delelopment.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.293-299
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• 2020

This study is intend to define learning driving force for learner-centered education and to derive it's components(IDEA : degree of Interest, Dynamics of learning process, degree of self-Effectiveness, expectation level of Academic achievement). To validate the concept of driving force, we analyzed the instructional design techniques, operating procedures, result reports, professor's comments of flipped learning courses which were conducted systematically in K-university during last 4years. As a result, I suggest the directives and guidances required for effective flipped learning based on driving force.

• School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.165-190
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• 2012

Recently, the Korean government develops a variety of policies for the improvement of school education. Among the policies, convergence education is considered as essential. Moreover, as the policies declare that mathematics is expected to play a central role in the convergence education, mathematics educators are required to seek for ways of how to approach convergence education in mathematics. In this context, this paper reviewed diverse viewpoints on what kind of contribution convergence education make to the improvement of school mathematics. While the argument constructed around the issue of national competitiveness is the most prevalent in the political discourse, this paper recommends to introduce the epistemological norms raised by the knowledge integration through history. In addition, this paper presents both domestic and international programs to discuss how to develop educational program for convergence education in mathematics.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.907-925
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• 2011

This study is a report about the two summer camps of 2009 and 2010, which were held by some gifted classes of Liberal Arts areas in Chungnam Province. The students' self- directed methods, making an own project topic and an outline plan for that by students themselves before the camp, raised up the students' satisfaction of the camp effectively. Staying with their peer students and teachers for 3 days gave the gifted students a chance for relationship, self-confidence, and self-sufficiency. These joint summer camps provided the students with cognitive development, motivations and a chance to meet other gifted students. Teachers' preparation for the camp, their concrete feedback to each student's project, and students' time spending on one's own camp project were correlated with the students' satisfaction of the camp program. Experience of teacher training in gifted education made significant differences in understanding gifted students and expectations of students' social and emotional development throughout and after the camp.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.475-481
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• 2017

This paper describes an in-depth study on the effect of students' writing of a reflection journal on academic achievement in Linux courses. For this purpose, students who took a Linux class were surveyed. Those participants were divided into two groups; an experimental group and a control group. Their academic achievement was compared and analyzed for this study and reflection journal was applied for 6 weeks after middle test. The results suggests that task achievement, expectation, learning persistence, self-efficacy, learning attitude, satisfaction in writing a reflection journal, and subject study were improved for the students who wrote a reflection journal. In addition to this, it suggests that the writing of a reflection journal has a significant effect on academic achievement in Linux subjects. It is meaningful for teaching skill of computer engineering education.