• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.6 s.84
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• pp.7-18
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• 2005

Currently, design speed selection is chosen by highway function, terrain type and area type. But some standards in classifing highway function let designer decide design speed in an arbitrary manner and too rough a highway function classification system leads to a road function which can not reflect road design, and some ambiguity of terrain type leads to a road which can not reflect land use pattern. Highway design based on traffic volume level without considering area type can result high construction cost. This research paper provides new highway design standards which are based on the refinement of highway design speed selection procedure. The new design speed is summarized to be determined by a more detailed highway function, terrain type, and area type that were made considering South Korean characteristics. The new highway function is established by adopting highway function reclassification and design volumes and rural town center reclassification and new design standards for terrain type selection are developed in this research by analyzing South Korean GIS Data Base obtained over the national government offices.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.4 s.30
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• pp.49-62
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• 2006

The republic of korea has put a great emphasis on the role of the road as widening a social infra-structural facility. Thus, vast amount of money has been invested on the road establishment. As a result, there has been fruitful outcomes in establishing the road system of the nation especially for the flat road with ease. However, in order to have more systematic and sustainable road system, we should turn our attention to more painful and high-cost regions such as mountainous districts and those are to be developed effectively. The configuration of the road is an important factor to be considered in making a decision for the road planning. Nevertheless, current road planning criterion has no such clarified and objective judging standard for figuring the configuration of the road out and, as a result, speed planning can be decided incorrectly. our research has acknowledged the necessity of estimating the configuration of the road and aimed to make it organized and sorted according to the height, slope, and the vehicle's speed. The results are as follows. First, our research made use of GIS data and classified the road into 9 different areas according to the height and the slope. Also, road classification being matched to the data of vehicle's speed, it has been shown that those characteristics of different areas have made an influence on vehicle's speed. Secondly, based on the results of the similarity between geographical classification and, vehicle's speed of sorted groups according to the height and the slope, conclusively we have classified as flat, rolling region and mountain. Since our research has made use of vehicle's speed for National Highway, it is not applicable to different functional highways. However, for the highway to be established hereafter, it can be a standard for reflection geographical characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.2 s.88
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• pp.101-112
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• 2006

Currently, highway design speed is determined by considering highway function, area type, and terrain type. Sometime it is pointed out that determining a reasonable design speed which is both efficient and safe is not an easy task and that Practicing engineers often select an unsuitable design speed on purpose, capitalizing on some ambiguous and discretionary expressions in describing the highway design speed. This undesirable Problem is arising mostly due to the fact, that the current geometric design standard fails to include rolling terrain type and can not reflect the whole characteristics of land use patterns adjacent to the design highway route. A recent research was Published considering this problem and it attempted to improve the highway design speed determining process. In this research Project, tn see the effects of this recently developed procedure, a new and reduced design speed was calculated based on the new Procedure and subsequently another highway design route was selected. The travel time. construction cost. and the expected degree of safety associated with the new route were assessed to be compared with the ones with the existing procedure. As a result. it was found that the new procedure was successful in reflecting the localities such as terrain type and area type into better determining highway design speed, eliminating much of highway engineers' discretion when applying engineering judgments. Also the new Procedure is keen to produce a more economical highway project. In other words, despite of producing reduced amount of user benefits accrued, in the new highway route, the construction cost has been cut significantly leading to higher values in B/C. NPV, and IRR. Also EMME-II output, which Provided the link assigned volumes, rendered only a slightly reduced Levels of Service along surrounding links in the study network. This reduction was believed to occur because of lower design speed and it had been expected from the beginning.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.884-888
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• 2010

하천제방은 홍수의 위험 방지에 중요한 역할을 하며 하천의 범람으로부터 제내지의 인명, 가옥, 재산, 각종 시설물 등을 보호하기 위하여 설치되는 시설물로서 침수피해 방지와 같은 중요 기능을 가지고 있다. 이러한 하천제방의 적정규모를 결정하기 위해서는 대상지역의 수리 수문학적 특성, 지형조건에 관한 조사 및 연구 이외에 경제적인 검토가 수반되어야 하며, 제대로 검토되지 않을 경우 제방이 누수 또는 침하, 붕괴되어 범람방지 기능을 상실하는 현상이 일어나게 된다. 국내 하천유역에서도 과거 전국에 걸쳐 제방 붕괴현상이 일어나 많은 범람침수 피해가 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 제방붕괴의 일반적인 원인으로 지적되고 있는 월류, 제체의 불안정, 과도한 변위, 급격한 수위의 감소 등으로 발생할 수 있는 현상 및 문제점들을 검토하였다. 이로부터 기하학적 인자, 수리학적 인자, 수공구조물 인자, 정성적 인자 등 4가지 분류로 구분하였으며, 총 12가지 세부인자를 제시하였다. 제시된 인자를 토대로 시험 대상유역인 감천과 남강에 적용하여 인자별 영향을 산정하였으며, 이로부터 위험도를 평가하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.81-92
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to compare values, characteristics and the world heritage listed tendency of walls in East Asia. Walls in East Asia are similar by the geographically adjacent, type, form and materials, etc. Thus to demonstrate the differentiation is not easy, but walls heritage of a tentative list or listed on the UNESCO World Heritage were discriminated by the evaluation criteria of world heritage. Hidden problems are not to be described the differences by the consistent manner. So we need efforts to separate the distinction and originality of walls according to the characteristics of each heritage. As the method of this study, we reviewed the terminology associated with the wall and then have examined the following four aspects as the characteristics of each heritage category. 1) Classification according to the function and purpose, 2) Classification according to the type and size of the walls(the length of wall), 3) Classification according to the location and topography, 4) Classification according to materials and technology(construction method). And we have analyzed the tendency of OUV(Outstanding Universal Value) of the world heritage listed wall. Also we examined the value basis of the differences and similarities presented by each heritage. In the future, we should complement the following two aspects of the wall heritage in East Asia for comparing the exact value. first, we ought to come up with a system that we can easily compare the similarities and differences of similar walls heritage. Second, we have to make every effort to describe the walls heritage by considering OUV evaluation criteria to be able to share with people all around the world.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.133-171
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• 2023

This study was conducted to prepare basic data by analyzing the biological values and environmental factors of algific talus slope in order to respond to climate change due to the greenhouse effect, and to establish plans for forest biodiversity preserving and managing. Meteorological information was measured and the flora of vascular plants were investigated for six algific talus slope by seasonally from 2020 to 2021. As a result of the investigation, the temperature of all 6 algific talus slope was lower than that of the area where the algific talus slope was located in summer, and flora was 101 families, 350 genera, 621 species, 18 subspecies, 57 variants, 7 varieties, 703 taxa. In sum, it is judged that the algific talus slope has sufficient reasons and value to be preserved because it has excellent micrometeorological value from the cold wind blowing in summer and phytogeographical value in which various plants live in a small area. However, in spite of such an important area, the management of algific talus slope is insufficient, and the algific talus slope is damaged or the ecosystem of the algific talus slope is disturbed. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a systematic conservation and management plan by designating algific talus slope as a forest genetic resource reserve and OECM.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.128-140
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• 2021

This study applied the theory of Landscape Ecology to representative resources of Jeju Olle-gil, which is a representative subject of walking tourism, to identify ecological characteristics and to establish a technique for landscape ecological analysis of Olle-gil resources. Jeju Olle Trail type based on the biotope type, major land use, vegetation status around Olle Trail and roads were divided into 12 types. Based on the type of ecological tourism resource classification, the Jeju Olle-gil walking tourism resource classification was divided into seven types of natural resources and seven types of humanities resources, and each resource was characterized by Geotope, Biotope, and Anthropopope, just like the landscape ecology system. Geotope resources are strong in landscape characteristics such as coast and beach, rocks, bedrocks, waterfalls, geology and Jusangjeolli Cliff, Oreum and craters, water resources, and landscape viewpoints. The Biotope resources showed strong ecological characteristics due to large tree and protected tree, Gotjawal, forest road and vegetation communities, biological habitat, vegetation landscape view point. Antropotope include Culture of Jeju Haenyeo and traditional culture, potting and lighthouses, experience facilities, temples and churches, military and beacon facilities, other historical and cultural facilities, and cultural landscape views. Jeju Olle Trail The representative resources for each type of Jeju Olle Trail are coastal, Oreum, Gotjawal, field and Stonewall Fencing farming land, Jeju Village and Stone wall of Jeju. In order to learn about the components and various functions of the resources representing the Olle Trail's ecological culture, the landscape ecological technique was interpreted. Looking at the ecological and cultural characteristics of coastal, the coast includes black basalt rocks, coastal vegetation, coastal grasslands, coastal rock vegetation, winter migratory birds and Jeju haenyeo. Oreum is a unique volcanic topography, which includes circular and oval mountain bodies, oreum vegetation, crater wetlands, the origin and legend of the name of Oreum, the legend of the name of Oreum, the culture of grazing horses, the use of military purposes, the object of folk belief, and the view from the summit. Gotjawal features rocky bumps, unique microclimate formation, Gotjawal vegetation, geographical names, the culture of charcoal being baked in the past, and bizarre shapes of trees and vines. Field walls include the structure and shape of field walls, field cultivation crops, field wall habitats, Jeju agricultural culture, and field walls. The village includes a stone wall and roof structure built from basalt, a pavilion at the entrance of the village, a yard and garden inside the house, a view of the lives of local people, and an alleyway view. These resources have slowly changed with the long lives of humans, and are now unique to Jeju Island. By providing contents specialized for each type of Olle Trail, tourists who walk on Olle will be able to experience the Olle Trail in depth as they learn the story of the resources, and will be able to increase the sustainable use and satisfaction of Jeju Olle Trail users.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to confirm the necessity of classifying rural areas into several zone, which is being required to carry out vanous regional development projects in rural areas sponsored by govermnent effectively, make the standard for the classification. To summarize the results obtained from this study are as follows Based on the evaluation on the resource amount, the region of eup and myeon in the five gun were classified into five type(A, B, C, D, E). From the classification result, 6 eup and myeon were classified into A type, 13 eup and myeon into B type, 14 eup and myeon into C type, 18 eup and myeon into D type, 11 eup and myeon into E type. This showed that the five belts were distributed evenly in the five gun. The regions of eup and key myeon in each gun were classified into A type(Urbanization). The evaluation on the resource amount of the region that held beautiful view of nature and great tourist attractions was high although the region was close to E type (Mountains) in geographical feature. The regional characteristics of each eup or myeon are different although eup and myeon that were located in the same gun or adjacent each other. Therefore, it is thought that when the project for development of rural areas is planned, the regional characteristic of each eup and myeon should be considered to utilize the potential of each region fully. In summary, it is believed that to get productive results from the development Project in rural areas, strategics should be different based on the regional characteristic of each zone.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1029-1038
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• 2010

In meteorology Korea has 2/3 of rain of annual total rainfall at the month of Jun through Sept and it has possibility to have serious flood damage because geographically it is composed of mountainous area with steep slope which account for 70% of its country. Also, the increase of impervious layer due to industrialization and urbanization causes direct runoff, which deteriorates contamination of rivers by moving the contaminated material on the surface at the beginning of rain. In particular, the area of leisure facilities needs the management of water quality absolutely because dense population requires space of park function and place to relax and increases moving capability of non-point pollution source. For disposition of rainfall & runoff, the standard of initial rainfall, which is to be used for the computation of disposition volume, is significant factors for the runoff study of non-point pollution source, Until now, a great deal of study has been done by many researchers. However, it is the current reality that the characteristics of runoff varies according to land protection comprising river basin and the standard of initial rainfall by each researcher is not clearly defined yet. Therefore, in this research, it is suggested that, with the introduction of SOM (Self-Organizing Map), the standard of initial rainfall be determined after analyzing each sectional data by executing pattern classification about runoff and water quality data measured at the test river basin for this research.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2014

First purpose of this study is to build Korean mountain ridgelines based on GIS by using spatial information and analyze natural environment around mountain ridgelines built before. Second purpose of this study is to integrate Korean ridgelines and natural environment built before and then provide the integrated information related to ridgelines for public. To do so, fist of all, Korean mountain ridgelines including Deagan, Jeongmeak, Gimeak, Jimeak, are built as spatial information. Second, Encoding of mountain ridgelines is conducted to analyze main and divaricate ridgelines systematically as grades of ridgelines. Third, based on spatial information, present condition using natural environment including geographical information, ecological zoning map, environmental conservation value assessment map, is analyzed. Finally, as a method integrating and using the aforementioned three information, the system providing integrated information based on GIS is proposed, To build the GIS data of Gimeak and Jimeak, they should be analyzed in more detail than Beakdu Deagan and Jeongmeak, so existing methodology to build mountain ridgelines based on GIS is improved. According to the distance of each mountain ridgeline, they are separated into five grades, and encoding of each mountain ridgeline based on Beakdu Deagan is applied to all mountain ridgelines to figure out the present condition of ridgelines themselves. In addition, according to the distance of each mountain ridgeline, it is separated into three areas: core, buffer, median zone. Based on three zones, the way to make use of the information efficiently related to mountain ridgelines is proposed. This study systematizes Korean mountain ridgelines which did not have systematic structures and then analyzes systematic mountain ridgelines. Based on this analysis, this study finds the way to makes use of information related to mountain ridgelines effectively.