• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.81-94
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• 2008

Recently, most of countries have been adopting the policies that aim to deal with the Problems of road congestion, environmental problems and the decreasing the volume of rall. A vital important subject is the reform of railways. Actually, the reform of railways has been carried out in various kind of ways, however the most epoch-making policy has been privatization of railways. Historically, Japan made the first step when it carried out regional privatization, unifying the infrastructure and operation. It created a 6 passenger enterprises and 1 freight enterprise. Meanwhile, in the case of the UK, discussion about rail privatization started the middle of 1980 and was implemented in 1994. It was implemented according to a functional division based on a separation of infrastructure and operation, creating a lot of different enterprises. With regard to the UK and Japan, there have been some debates about the methods of privatization, in particular, some scholars suggest that the rail accidents in the UK are a result of division of the infrastructure and operation. In addition to, some insist that the accident which occurred on 27th April 2005 at Hukujiyama in Japan was also attributable to the emphasis on profitable management. This paper examines the process and outcomes of rail privatization between the UK and Japan, especially focusing on different methods of privatization. This paper may provide some lessens for rail privatization policy. First, the rail privatization policy needs a enough time to complete the scheme. Second it is require to participate in the consumer, mass communication and rail of ncers who are involved the operation. Third, it is essential to have a huge investment, high technology and strong organization to drive.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.753-763
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• 2011

Allocated water storage of dam at the planning and design stage does not seem to be maintained well at the operation stage because of unexpected critical reasons. A dam is likely to be subject to negative effects caused by changes of dam operation conditions and it is hardly avoidable. Therefore, it must be timely improved to recover its original functions and looked for better alternatives to keep its original roles. Specifically the improper management of river condition degrades flood control capability in a dam and river eco-system. The dam downstream river improvement work is needed for normalizing dam functions and its valuations. This study focuses on estimating water use benefits from recovering its own effective storage buffer restricted for flood control. As the results, the water supply and the hydropower benefits in Imha, Daechung and Youngdam Dam are recovered totally by 19.9 million $m^3$/year and 20.8 GWh/year respectively. Also those results are used for the basic information of the economic analysis in the dam downstream river improvement work.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2001

This research is primarily intended to develop a decision-making support system about the natural environment in the country by integrating various formats of spatial data into a comprehensive GIS database. The first part of the research is to design GIS database as a means of combining thematic cartographic data with field survey records. Ecosystem records acquired by a field sampling have been reproduced as digital thematic maps. The database also included various natural environment related data (map for forestry, soil, national park etc.) collected from many other agencies. The second part of the research is devoted to the design of efficient man-machine interfaces. A key concern in the GUI (graphic user interface) design process was to address the need to handle and to manage large databases by non-GIS experts. The system has been checked experimentally, enabled the users to quarry the data required simply and execute spatial analysis accommodating versatile alternatives in decision-making process. Detailed visual maps can be generated over large areas quickly and easily. The system will serve to increase the scientific and objective decision-making by overcoming serious constraints suffered from the past non-GIS-based approach. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference in building a nationwide natural environment GIS-DB (database) in the central and local governments.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.92-104
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• 2014

CM services have been increasingly practiced over the two decades in the Korean construction industry, and recent efforts focus on further development in advanced CM capabilities and expansion to overseas market. However, there has been lack of holistic research to investigate current status and future direction of CM industry in Korea. In this context, the purposes of this study are 1) to analyze current status of Korean CM industry in terms of owners, market, CM firms, contracts, and work scopes, 2) to define different types of CM practices, and 3) to propose growth models for Korean CM firms based on the defined CM project types. An extensive literature review and statistical analysis of 2012 CM contracts were performed in order to analyze the CM status. Based on the analyses, ten different CM types are defined, and growth paths of CM firms are illustrated. Implications and lessons learned during the statistical analysis and workshops are briefly introduced as well.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2014

Complete denture prosthodontics includes replacement of natural teeth and associated maxillary and mandibular structures for full edentulous patients. The final objectives of prosthodontic treatment include esthetic and functional rehabilitation. Because the esthetic demand of senior patients has increased esthetic requirement should not be overlooked in denture treatment. In complete denture treatment, attempts have been made to reproduce tooth wear, arrangement, recession of cervical gingiva, staining, improved gingival shade and so on. This 61 year old female patient came to the Department of Prosthodontics with the chief complaint that dentures made 5 years ago in a local clinic were broken and did not fit well. The patient put more emphasis on fabrication of natural and esthetic dentures than recovery of masticatory function. Remake of maxillary complete denture and mandibular implant retained overdenture was planned. In order to create esthetic and natural contour, Aesthetic Color Set Easy system$^{(R)}$ (Candulor dental GmbH, Wangen, Germany) was used to make complete dentures reproducing various gingival shades. Patient's esthetic satisfaction was high. When complete denture prosthodontics treatment involves appropriate expression of individual characteristics in addition to proper selection of esthetic materials, treatment will give satisfaction to both dentist and patient.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Wire bonding process in making semiconductor needs the most precise control and Critical To Quality(CTQ). Thus, it is regarded to be the most essential step in packaging process. In this process, pure gold wire is used to connect the chip and PCB(substrate or lead frame). However, the price of gold has been skyrocketing continuously for a long period of time and is expected to further increase in the near future. This phenomenon situates us in an unfavorable condition amidst the competitive environment. To avoid this situation, many semiconductor material making companies developed new types of wires: Au.Ag wire is one material followed by many others. This study is aimed to optimize the parameter in wire bonding with the use of 6sigma and QFD(Quality Function Deployment). 6sigma process is a good means to not only solve the problem, but to increase productivity. In order to find the key factor, we focused on VOB(Voice of Business) and VOC(Voice of Customer). The main factors from VOB, VOC are called CTQ. However, there were times when these main factors were far from offering us the correct answer, thus making the situation more difficult to handle. This study shows that QFD aids in deciding which of the accurate factors to undertake. Normally QFD is used in designing and developing products. 6sigma process is held more effective when it used with QFD.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.31-40
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to formulate an evaluation model and to select evaluation factors for designing scenic roads and designating existing roads as scenic roads. The definition of a "scenic road" contains the purpose not just of travel or access but visiting itself. The value of a scenic road can be enhanced through the preservation of natural environment along the road or the installation of artificial facilities. In order to promote objective scenic road selection and evaluation, the authors used Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is a multi-criteria decision making method. The weighting value was 0.382 for the value of landscape along the road, 0.154 for the value of landscape in the road, 0.269 for the characteristics of the road, and 0.196 for the management of the road.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2014

The system that covers gathering, integrating, exchanging, presenting and analyzing of information within ships and shores for the safety and security in Marine Environment is known as e-Navigation Policy. Northern Europe has been conducting research and development. It came up into a concept that deals with ship's route information between vessels as well as vessels to shores which is better known as route exchange system. The research showed substantial advantages on navigational safety by exchanging the route information between vessels in vicinity and vessels to shores. Therefore, upon the adaptation of route exchange System as a major function in integrated navigational system, the existing procedures in VTS could be changed for betterment. In this study, it was verified the effectiveness of route exchange system by the adaptation of a recent collision accident occurred in Korean coast and suggested that route exchange system which would be carried out by the discretion of VTS center in VTS area. Finally, it proposed the new functions for outstanding services and procedures of integrating traffic organization services on coastal VTS for an effective route exchange system in Korean coastal area.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.307-320
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• 2007

In this study, we attempted to provide a distinctive cognitive, emotional 'Auditory User Interface (AUI) Design Guideline' according to home appliance groups and their functions. It is an effort to apply a new design method to practical affairs to overcome the limit of GUI centered appliance design and reflect user multimodal properties by presenting a guideline possible to generate auditory signals intuitively associable with the operational functions. The reason why this study is required is because of frequent instances given rise to annoyance as not systematic application of AUI, but arbitrary mapping. This study tried to provide a useful guideline of AUI in home appliances by extracting the relations with cognitive, emotional properties of a certain device or function induced by several properties of auditory signal and showing the empirical data on the basic mechanism of such relations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1731-1736
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 체가름 시험을 통해 얻은 대표입경으로 조도계수를 산정하고 그 산정된 조도계수의 효용을 검정하고자 하였다. 체가름 분석을 통해 입도곡선을 작성하고 대표입경을 구함으로서 기 수립된 공식에 의한 조도계수를 산정하였다. 산정된 조도계수는 HEC-HMS의 하도추적 방법 중에 하나인 Muskingum-Cunge 8 point 방법과 HEC-RAS의 부정류 해석을 이용한 방법으로 얻은 조도계수를 비교하였다. HEC-HMS의 경우 대상유역인 오산천 유역에 대해 선행연구과정으로 저수지 방류량을 고려한 강우-유출 모형의 매개변수 추정에 관한 연구가 이뤄졌다(2006, 이아름). 선행연구에서는 계산된 유량과 실측 유량을 비교하여 Clark 단위도 방법의 매개변수를 추정하여 그 중 빈도가 큰 유출사상의 경우에 Sabol 식에 의한 모의 결과가 첨두유량의 재현성이 우수하게 나타남을 확인했다. 따라서 HEC-HMS 모형은 Clark 단위도 방법의 매개변수는 Sabol의 식에 의해 모형을 구성하고 2001년, 2002년, 2004년, 2005년의 사상에 대해 강우량, 기흥 저수지와 이동저수지의 실제 방류량을 이용해 유출량을 산정하였다. 이중 오산천 유역에 대해 선행연구에서 사용된 Muskingum의 하도추적 방법은 Muskingum-Cunge 8 point 방법으로 변경하여 대상유역에서의 조도계수를 산정하였다. HEC-RAS 모형의 부정류 해석은 2002년과 2005년의 사상으로서 상류단 경계조건으로 기흥 저수지의 방류량을 유량수문곡선으로 이용하였고, 하류단 경계조건으로는 회화수위관측소의 수위수문곡선을 이용했다. 대표입경을 이용해 얻은 조도계수를 HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS를 통해 검정한 결과 실측된 유량과 수위를 비교적 잘 재현해 내는 것으로 나타났으나, 조도계수의 보정을 통한 재현 유량과 수위를 비교했을 때, 대표입경을 통해 얻은 조도계수가 보정 조도계수보다 다소 작은 것으로 해석되었다.하고자 한다.해결책을 얻어내는 상호보완적인 결과를 추구한다. 그가 디자인하는 작품은 전형적인 이미지를 내포하지 않는다. 즉 그의 작품은 기존의 가치와 이념적인 것은 배제하고, 창의적인 개념을 도출하였다.형모서리는 건물 특화 성격이 강하므로 불가피할 경우 소형 액센트 광고 위치를 미리 벽면으로 할애하는 것이 경관 및 입면계획에 유리한 것으로 분석되었다. 불확실도 해석모형 등의 새로운 기능을 추가하여 제시하였다. 모든 입출력자료는 프로젝트 단위별로 운영되어 data의 관리가 손쉽도록 하였으며 결과를 DB에 저장하여 다른 모형에서도 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 HyGIS-HMS 및 HyGIS-RAS 모형에서 강우-유출-하도 수리해석-범람해석 등이 일괄되게 하나의 시스템 내에서 구현될 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 HyGIS와 통합된 수리, 수문모형은 국내 하천 및 유역에 적합한 시스템으로서 향후 HydroInformatics 구현을 염두에 둔 특화된 국내 수자원 분야 소프트웨어의 개발에 기본 토대를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.았다. 또한 저자들의 임상병리학적 연구결과가 다른 문헌에서 보고된 소아 신증후군의 연구결과와 큰 차이를 보이지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 자극에 차이가 있지 않나 추측되며 이에 관한 추후 연구가 요망된다. 총대장통과시간의 단축은 결장 분절 모두에서 줄어들어 나타났으나 좌측결장 통과시간의 감소 및 이로 인한 이 부위의 통과시간 비율의 저하가 가장 주요하였다. 이러한 결과는 차가운 생수 섭취가 주로 결장 근위부를 자극하는 효과를 발휘하는 것이 아닌가 해석된다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통해 생다시마를 주원료로 개발된 생다시마차와 생다시마 음료가 만성 기능성 변비 증세를 개선하는 효능이 잠재적으로 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 생약제재의 변비약 수준으로 변비 개선 효능을 증대하기 위해서는 재료 배합비의 개선이나 대장 운동기능을 향상시키는 유효성분의 보강 등이 필요하다는 점도 알 수 있었다.더불어