• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.711-718
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• 2011

The thermoelastic behavior of the porous carbon/phenolic composites is studied using the thermomechanical response model of chemically decomposing composites. The model includes thermal dependence of the porous composites, porosity in the pyrolysis process, pore pressure due to decomposing gases, and shrinkage. The poroelastic coefficients are calculated based on representative volume element model and finite element analysis. The internal stress distribution caused by pores and pore pressure, and the overall deformation are verified. The effects of the poroelastic coefficients on the thermoelastic behavior are examined through numerical experiments.

• Composites Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

In order to predict the thermoelastic behavior of porous composites, poroelastic parameters are measured by using micromechanics-based finite element models. The expanding deformation caused by pore pressure, and the degradation of homogenized elastic moduli with pores are calculated for the assessment of the poroelastic parameters. Various representative volume elements considering the shape, size, and array pattern of pores are modeled and analyzed by a finite element method. The effects of porosity and material anisotropy, and the distribution of stain energy density are investigated carefully. In addition, the measured poroelastic parameters are verified by predicting the thermo-pore-elastic behavior of carbon/phenolic composites.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 1995

실제 복합재료 제조공정에 널리 이용되는 등방성 탄소섬유직조와 에폭시수지에 대 해서 수지의 유동을 일방향으로 근사하여 비정상상태 투과계수와 모세관압을 측정하는 실험 을 수행하였고 적층된 섬유직조의 기공율, 금형 주입압력 그리고 섬유직조의 적층수에 따른 수지유동특성을 분석하였다. 또한 금형 충전과정에 대한 유동가시화 실험을 수행하여 유동 선단과 충전시간을 측정하였다. 전체 조업압력에 미치는 모세관압의 영향을 규명하기 위해 일정 유입압력에 따른 금형충전과정에 대하여 유한요소/관할부피 방법을 이용한 수치모사를 수행하였다. 함침공정의 수지유동에서 비정상상태 투과계수는 섬유직조의 기공율에 따라 급 격히 증가하였고 에폭시수의 표면장력에 기인한 모세관압은 기공율 감소에 따라 급격히 증 가하였다. 동일한 기공율에서 섬유직조의 적층수가 증가함에 따라 투과계수와 모세관압은 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한실험에서 측정한 모세관압을 고려하여 유동선단과 금형 충전시간을 수치모사방법으로 예측ㄷ한 결과는 유동가시화 실험에의한 결과와 잘 일치함을 보였다. 이결과로부터 낮은 압력에서 조업하는 RTM공정에서 모세관압효과는 유동선단과 금형 충전시간을 예측하는데 기여함을 알수 있다.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.150-156
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• 2012

발포금속은 초경량 재료로서 폐기공과 개기공의 두 가지 형태의 구조를 지니고 있으며 폐기공은 내충격성, 흡음성, 단열성의 기능을 지니고 있고, 개기공은 필터, 생체지지대, 촉매재, 열방출재 등으로 사용되고 있다. 개기공발포재는 삼차원 구조모양으로 프리커서를 이용한 압력정밀주조나 기공입자용출법으로 제조하고 있으나 기공의 크기나 셀의 형상, 두께 등을 조절하기에 어려움이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 환경친화적인 펄라이트를 사용하여 목적하는 크기의 그래뉼을 제조한 후, 용융마그네슘합금을 감압주조법으로 주조하여 그래뉼의 크기로 기공율을 조절하고, 주형의 온도와 압력에 따른 유동의 길이를 측정하였다. 그래뉼 직경이 2.3 $mm{\O}$ 일때에 주형의 온도 $300^{\circ}C$ 이상, 압력이 5000 Pa 이상에서 유동길이 6.5 cm 이상을 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2005

In this study a new growing method of silicon nitride whiskers in the inside of large pores made intentionally during the sintering was conducted. Pore size, pore vol%, and nitrogen pressure were used as experimental variables. Silicon nitride whiskers were well grown in the inside of pores with low pore vol% range from 14 to 27 but not grown with high pore vol% such as 39 and 50. On the other hand, pore size and nitrogen pressure did not have any influence on the whisker growth. Therefore the most important factor to grow silicon nitride whisker in the inside of large pores during sintering was to make pores isolated or closed.

• Composites Research
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.199-205
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• 2019

The composite material has the advantage that the fibers can be arranged in a desired direction and can be manufactured in one piece. However, micro voids can be formed due to micro air, moisture or improper curing temperature or pressure, which may cause the deterioration in mechanical strength. In this paper, the composite panels with different thicknesses were made by varying the curing pressure in an autoclave vacuum bag process and their microporosities were evaluated. Microporosity was measured by image analysis method, acid digestion method, and combustion method and their correlation with ultrasonic attenuation coefficient was analyzed. From the test results, it was found that the acid digestion method had the highest accuracy and the lower the curing pressure, the higher the microporosity and the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient. In addition, the microporosity and the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient were increased as the thickness of the composite panel was increased at the same curing pressure.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.397-402
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• 1997

석탄계 핏치의 열처리 온도 및 압력에 따른 결정화도와 기공도 그리고 산화저항성 등을 관찰하였으며, hexagonal type 4D 탄소/탄소 복합재를 석탄계 핏치로 가압함침 및 탄화시킨 다음 가해준 압력이 고밀도화에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 석탄계 핏치의 가압탄화 압력이 흑연화도에 크게 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 기공면적비에 있어서는 압력을 600bar로 상승시켜 줌으로써 상압 처리한 경우 보다 1.5배 정도 감소 하였다. $650^{\circ}C$까지 열처리하여 얻은 코우크스의 산화반응 개시온도는 처리압력이 증가함에 따라서 지연되었다. 탄소/탄소 복합재의 함침압력을 100bar에서 600bar로 상승시켜 줄 경우 밀도 증가율이 크게 향상 되었으며 기공도는 감소하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.185-194
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• 1998

Flow-induced voids during resin impregnation and poor fiber wetting give serious effects on the mechanical properties of composites in resin transfer molding process. In order to better understand the characteristics of resin flow and to investigate the mechanism of void formation, flow visualization experiment for the resin impregnation was carried out on plain weaving glass fiber mats using silicon oils with various viscosity values. The permeability and the capillary pressure for the fiber mats of different porosities were obtained by measuring the penetration length of the resin with time and with various injection pressure. At low porosity and low operating pressure, the capillary pressure played a significant role in impregnation process. Video-assisted microscopy was used in taking the magnified photograph of the flow front of the resin to investigate the effect of the capillary pressure on the void formation. The results showed that the voids were formed easily when the capillary pressure was relatively high. No voids were detected above the critical capillary number of 2.75$\times$$10^{-3}, and below the critical number the void content increased exponentially with decrease of the capillary number. The content of void formed was independent of the viscosity of the resin. For a given capillary number, the void content reduced with the lower porosity of the fiber mat.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.47-48
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• 1995

알루미나 막이나 바이코 글라스(Vycor glass)같은 다공성 무기재료막은 화학적으로 안정하고 열에 잘 견디므로 고온에서 기체를 분리하는 데에 사용될 수 있다. 미세한 기공을 가지고 있는 알루미나막은 수소를 분리하는데 상대적으로 높은 투과도를 나타내고 고온에 잘 견딘다. 기공이 치밀한 알루미나막에 의하여 분리되는 메카니즘은 기체의 분자량에 의존하는 Knudsen확산이 지배적이 된다. 그러나, 분자량의 차이가 크지 않을때는 Knudsen확산에 의한 분리도는 크지않다. 그래서 분리도의 향상에 대해 많은 사람들이 연구하고 있다. 본연구에서는 Sol-Gel법으로 제조된 막을 개선하여, 높은 압력차에서 조업할 수 있도록 하고자, TEOS와 증류수를 막의 기공내에서 반응시켜 실리카를 기공내에 생성시키고자하는 실험을 수행하였다. 이 연구를 통해 약 25 psi 정도의 압력차하에서도 수소/질소의 분리도가 Knudsen확산의 수준을 보이는 실용적인 막을 생산할 수 있었다.

• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2020

In this study, void behavior of composite laminate by local internal pressure gradient due to structural geometry and surface film application condition was experimentally evaluated through fabrication of spar/skin integrated structure specimens. Viscosity comparison and thermal analysis for both carbon fiber prepreg and surface film were conducted and cure characteristic and rate difference were analyzed. 2 types of spar/skin integrated structural specimens were prepared based on different application condition of surface film. Subsequently, those specimens were evaluated through visual surface inspection, non-destructive and destructive inspection. In a specimen #1 with full application of surface film, low pressurized area of composite laminate created by pressure gradient of structural geometry had voids. It exhibited that voids could not be evacuated and were locked in cured laminate by the influence of pre-cured surface film with relatively faster cure rate. In a specimen #2 without surface film, it revealed that all internal voids disappeared in the cured laminate. Therefore, it is verified that surface film acts as barrier film preventing void movement and evacuation during autoclave cure.