• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.71
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• pp.305-340
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• 2022

This study was started to suggest the direction of Christian educational development to revitalize North Korea's 'education' research. Since the two Koreas have experienced heterogeneity in almost all elements of society, such as politics, economy, society, culture, and education, during the period of division in 1977, true unification depends on laying the foundation for social integration that can overcome the sense of heterogeneity between the two Koreas. This is why North Korea's "education" research is needed. Education is the foundation for transferring culture and history, and for bringing about the survival, transformation, and community of society and since it is the mission of Korean churches and Christian educators to establish the direction of North Korean "education" research, North Korean "education" research is very important. Despite this importance, 'North Korean research' in the field of Christian education has not been properly conducted. Research on the "Christian Unification Education Program" that can be used in churches is actively taking place, but research on the macro level of presenting post-unification education blueprints is rare. This study was started to suggest the direction of Christian educational development to revitalize North Korea's 'education' research. For the study, the characteristics of 'North Korea Research' were analyzed according to generational classification. As a result of the study, recent research on North Korea has been expanding in research topics and methodologies, and recent studies have been differentiated into microscopic studies that deviate from existing research trends at a macro level and view North Korea's daily life. The characteristics of 'North Korean education research' are summarized by period. The research on North Korean education, which began in earnest in the 1970s, was divided into the period of start(70s), transition(80s), leap(90s), expansion(2000s), and development(2010s~). and research characteristics for each period were analyzed. Through this, early North Korean education research was also conducted in the policy aspect of the country, and the characteristics of political and social studies were strong, but recent studies have confirmed that the subjects and contents are diversifying. Based on these studies, the pending issues and issues of North Korean education research in the field of Christian education were analyzed. The study of North Korea in the field of Christian education, which began in the 1980s, has been conducted in the engineering aspect of 'development of unification education programs for churches'. However, studies on Christian unification education and North Korean education itself, which can be used in public education sites including Christian schools, have yet to be sufficient. Nevertheless, the diversification of research in the field of Christian education can be evaluated as a positive change. Based on these studies, it was proposed to establish a de-ideological research foundation, secure primary research data(Raw Data), activate research topics and research methodologies, and strengthen research capabilities in the direction of development to revitalize North Korean research in the field of Christian education. I hope this study will trigger various follow-up studies and help Korean churches that must achieve unification.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.293-303
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• 2019

The purpose of this research is to investigate the psychological factors affecting job performance of public enterprise employee. Based on the literature review, three types of job performance are identified, which are behavioral responses to the demands from job environment. They are named as task performance, contextual performance, and adaptive performance. As independent variables, four factors were selected form positive psychological concepts, which are self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience. These are the factors which compose of the concept of psychological capital. All the factors are hypothesized to positively affect job performances. From the regression analysis results, all the psychological factors in the model were turned out to have statistically significant impacts on the job performances. The importance of variable 'resilience' were dominant all three models, which might be interpreted as a behavioral response to the demands from uncertain organizational enviornments. From the marginal effect analysis, contextual performance decreases first five years, then reach peak at 20th. year. These results demonstrates that mid-level employees in the organizational hierarchy are more concerned with the overall performance of organization.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.126
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• pp.85-115
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• 2019

With the dramatic development of science and technology since the twentieth century, attempts to overcome human's natural and physical limitations through technology have actually reached a peak. Transhumanism is a movement that strongly affirms these human technological attempts. However, this optimistic belief of transhumanism in technology meets the strong resistance of opponents contending that transhumanism might destroy human nature and severely undermine human values and rights. The focus of the transhumanism debate lies in what technology means to humans. However, in order to exactly grasp the essence of transhumanism, we should first consider our 'life-world', where technology and humans are closely intertwined. The word 'life-world(Lebenswelt)' which originally comes from Husserl, is an open and universal world as a horizon that is the basis of all human practical activities and at the same time encompasses its products in itself. According to Husserl, the process of incorporating human products into the life-world is a kind of 'familiarization' process through which specific theories and techniques are harmonized with our lives in the life-world. Such harmonization and familiarization of technology could be also considered a humanization of technology. It is a process in which technology is assimilated and corresponds to the finiteness of human and the life-world. In this sense, we could say that the transhumanistic attempts are just a natural expression of human desire to be perfect in the life-world and that they should not be overly concerned or overestimated.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2012

Rapidly growing sales amount and the number of discount stores caused many side effects and sensitive issues in Korea. Because these severe competition due to more expensive cost just like excessive increase in advertising and location selection, and these caused completely ruined small merchants as well as passed on to the consumer. This Study focused on competitiveness of discount store in Korea to the perspective of college students, as explored the relationships between marketing communication and store loyalty. And, examined for two moderating effect, 1) consumers' value separated by hedonic value and utilitarian value between marketing communication and store loyalty, and 2) consumers' value separated by hedonic value and utilitarian value between marketing communication and consumption emotion. Finally, this study examined for mediating effect of consumption emotion between marketing communication and store loyalty. In order to verify the relationship, moderating and mediating effects, data were collected from 130 college students in Whasung, Gyeonggi Province to test theoretical model and its hypotheses. Findings are as followed : First, analysis showed that factors such as advertisement(β =.221, p<.05), publicity(β =.513, p<.01), sales promotion(β =.234, p<.01), word of mouth(β =.627, p<.01) and physical environment(β =.339, p<.01) for marketing communication in the discount store have statistically significant positive effect on store loyalty. But the result of regression analysis for which factors are more impact in marketing communication between store loyalty showed that word of mouth(β =.53, p<.01) is only statistically significant. Second, publicity(β =-.895, p<.05), the sub-dimension of marketing communication shows only statistically significant negative moderating effect on store loyalty. But, the results of the moderating effect of value between marketing communication and consumption emotion verified that utilitarian value show statistically significant, specifically advertisement(β =.294, p<.01), physical environment(β =.418, p<.01), sales promotion(β =.245, p<.01), word of mouth(β =.414, p<.01) and publicity(β =1.137, p<.05), respectively. And hedonic value show statistically significant, specifically advertisement(β =.286, p<.01), physical environment (β =.418, p<.01), sales promotion(β =.236, p<.01) and word of mouth(β =.420, p<.01), respectively. But publicity(β =.145, p=.119) is not statistically significant. Finally, the results verified mediating effect for consumption emotion between all factors for marketing communication and store loyalty showed that factors such as advertisement, publicity, word of mouth and physical environment for marketing communication except sales promotion were statistically significant fully mediated in advertisement, and partially mediated in publicity, word of mouth and physical environment. This testified that the consumption emotion had the most important factor to enhance store loyalty to the perspective of College students. These results can provide important implications and invaluable tips for planning marketing strategies and gaining access to new potential customers. Implications and future research directions are also discussed.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-45
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to offer fundamental data to manage countertransference, and to research into countertransference management ability by aspects in therapists' experiences in countertransference and their professional characters. For the paper, a survey was conducted on 62 music therapists who provided professional music therapy after finishing graduate school of music therapy through clinical practice and internship, and the result was drawn as follows. Around 84% of participants answered that they had been in trouble by countertransference in the analysis of a questionnaire regarding experience in countertransference. 48% among them first experienced countertransference during the practice in graduate school. 27% and 14% respectively answered that they experienced it within 3 years after graduation and during internship. Also, the result showed that therapists usually had difficulty with adults with mental disease, and the second most difficult clients were children with developmental disabilities. 76% of participants who had difficulty by countertransference answered that they were able to manage it to some degree, and almost all who answered thought that research into countertransference and management were necessary. About the question as to how to manage countertransference, 54% suggested self-analysis and self-therapy. 33% answered that countertransference should be treated through supervision. Finally, 13% of participants answered that it should be handled in graduate school. In this paper, which empirically examined therapists' experience in countertransference and countertransference management ability had meaning in providing essential basic data for music therapists to apply and manage countertransference for therapists themselves, as well as for clients.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.237-257
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• 2014

This study is the process of performing the interdisciplinary fusion study between multiple fields by identifying the status on the previous artistic education considering the brain scientific mechanism of image creativity and brain-based learning principles. In recent years, producing the educational methods of each field as the fusion study activities are emerging as the trend and thanks to such, the results of brain-based educational fusion studies are being presented for each field. It includes artistic fields such as music, art and dance. In other words, the perspective is that by understanding the operating principles of the brain while creativity and learning is taking place, when applying various principles that can develop the corresponding functions as a teaching method, it can effectively increase the artistic performance ability and creativity. Since the animation drawing should be able to intuitively recognize the elements of movement and produce the communication with the target beyond the delineative perspective of simply drawing the objects to look the same, it requires the development of systematic educational method including the methods of communication, elements of higher cognitive senses as well as the cognitive perspective of form implementation. Therefore, this study proposes a literature study results on the artistic education applied with brain-based principles in order to design the educational model considering the professional characteristics of animation drawing. Therefore, the overseas and domestic trends of the cases of brain-based artistic education were extracted and analyzed. In addition, the cases of artistic education studies applied with brain-based principles and study results from cases of drawing related education were analyzed. According to the analyzed results, the brain-based learning related to the drawing has shown a common effect of promoting the creativity and changes of positive emotion related to the observation, concentration and image expression through the training of the right brain. In addition, there was a case of overseas educational application through the brain wave training where the timing ability and artistic expression have shown an enhancement effect through the HRV training, SMR, Beta 1 and neuro feedback training that strengthens the alpha/seta wave and it was proposing that slow brain wave neuro feedback training contributes significantly in overcoming the stress and enhancing the creative artistic performance ability. The meaning of this study result is significant in the fact that it was the case that have shown the successful application of neuro feedback training in the environment of artistic live education beyond the range of laboratory but the use of the machine was shown to have limitations for being applied to the teaching methods so its significance can be found in providing the analytical foundation for applying and designing the brain-based learning principles for future animation drawing teaching methods.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.340-352
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• 1999

Constructivist theory and teaching science in the social context are a main stream in science education. This study was purposed to introduce the STS in-service program implementing in Chonnam National University. and to analyze the results of the program in terms of changes of teachers' and students' perceptions and attitudes. The major features of the STS in-service program were as follows: teacher-centered. teaching in the social context. emphasis on constructivist approach. development of STS module and implementations. A total of 20 secondary science teachers participated in the in-service program. and filled out two questionnaires. Science Education Reform Inventory and Constructivist Teachings Survey. Three of the 20 teachers were selected to gain information from their implementations of a STS module into their respective classrooms. The students completed two instruments. Constructivist Learning Environment Survey. and Scientific Attitude Survey. The responses from teachers and students are as follows: 1. The participating teachers were very aware of the necessity of reform in science education. and the degree of the perception of the necessity increased after the STS in-service program. 2. The STS program significantly improved constructivist teaching techniques. 3. The perceptions of the students about constructivist learning environments improved significantly after the STS in-service program. 4. Students' scientific attitudes improved significantly through STS approach. The STS in-service program with the above mentioned features was found to be effective in our current school system. and could be implemented successfully if teachers were willing to learn and participate in the reforms of science education.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.443-477
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the continuing bonds experienced by adolescent victims' 15 parents of the Sewol ferry disaster. The research aim is to classify the continuing bonds into representational, functional, emotional, and relationship characteristics through contents analysis and identify them. The way dimension was found to be continuing bond through "physical objects and space," "dream and spiritual exchange," "personal memorial and ritual activities," "thoughts of deceased children," and "surviving children." In the "functional dimension," it was found that sustainable ties help families find new meanings and purposes in their lives and comfort them by making them feel they are with their children. In addition, at the emotional level, they experienced 'positive emotions' while feeling with their children, and experienced 'pain', and some research participants found it difficult to sustain the bond itself. At the level of each relationship characteristic, the relationship between parents and children was an extension of the relationship even after the child was deceased, and the relationship characteristics were reproduced. The implications for grief counseling were presented by applying a dead two-axis model to the results of this study.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.442-458
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop a plan for a large-scale implementation of the Girl Friendly Science Program based on the results of analysis and investigation of its current pilot implementation, Girl Friendly Science Program materials, which was first developed in 1999 with the support from Ministry of Gender Equality, consist of 1) five theme-based units that are specifically targeted individual students' unique ability, aptitude, and career choice, and 2) differentiated learning materials for 7th through 10th grade female students. All the materials are available at the homepage (http://tes.or.kr/gfsp.cgi) of 'Teachers for Exciting Science(the organization of science teachers in Seoul area)'. Since the materials are well organized by topic and grade level and presented in both Korean word process document and html format, anyone can easily access to the materials for their own instructional use. Ever since its launch the number of visitors to the homepage has been constantly increasing. The evaluation results of the current pilot implementation of the materials that targeted individual students' ability and aptitude showed that it scored high in terms of its alignment to the original purpose, content, level, and effectiveness to implement in classrooms. However, its evaluation scores were low in terms of the convenience for teachers to guide the materials, and its organization and operation. The results also showed a significant change in students' perception of science, and students' positive experiences of science through various interdisciplinary activities. On the other hand, the evaluation of students' experiences with the materials showed that students' assessment about an activity was largely depending on a success or failure of their experiences. Overall, students' evaluation of activities scores were low for simple activities such as cutting off or pasting papers. According to students' achievement test results, differences between pre and post test scores in the Affective Domain was statistically significant (p<0.05), but not in Inquiry Domain. Based on teachers observations, numerous schools where have run this program reported that students' abilities to cooperate, discuss, observe and reason with evidences were improved. In order to implement this program in a larger scale, it is critical to have a strong support of teachers and induce them to change their teaching strategy through building a community of teachers and developing ongoing teacher professional development programs. Finally, there still remain strong needs to develop more programs, and actively discover and train more domestic woman scientists and engineers and collaborate with them to develop more educational materials for girls in all ages.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2003

Problem solving ability, having been thought as one of the most important goals of science education is also a primary task for the current education. Indeed, the students' problem solving ability has shown almost no actual progress, despite our long accumulated science education. Under this circumstances, cooperative learning, a way to grow students' positive inter-dependence and problem solving ability in the basis of their active participation and discussion, was proposed as an effective teaching method. But, results have not consistently shown the advantage of cooperative learning over traditional learning for promoting academic achievement in science. Studies have consistently shown greater effectiveness on affective aspects. But, relatively few have focused on biology in Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cooperative learning on the achievement and attitude of high school biology students. The pretest-posttest control group design was applied. The sample consisted of 50 11th-grade female students in experimental group(cooperative learning Student Team Achievement Division model) and 50 students in control group(traditional learning). Students in both groups recieved identical content instruction on the unit 'II. Methabolism'. These groups were treated for 13 hours during 5 weeks. Achievement data were collected using a 24-item multiple-choice test(content validity= .85). Science attitude was measured by an instrument which adapted by Kim In Hee(1994). The instrument(Cronbach $\alpha$=.89) included 40 items in four subscales: attitude toward science, social meaning of science, attitude toward science class, and scientific attitude. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used as the data analysis procedure. For the achievement data, no significant difference exists between the cooperative and traditional groups (p> .05). But, cooperative learning was effective in low-ability students(p < .05). For the science learning attitude data, cooperative learning was more effective than the traditional one(p< .05). Students in the cooperative group acheived better than those in traditional one especially in the subscale of attitude toward science class. There was no meaningful difference of the two methods in both high and average ability students, while cooperative learning was more effective than the traditional one in low ability students(p<.05).