• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.5-30
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• 2005

Globalization has conflicting effects on pharmaceutical policies. A change into a 'populist competitive nation' due to globalization strengthens policies to reduce drug manufacturing costs while the WTO's TRIPS Agreement that is affected by multinational pharmaceutical companies increases drug manufacturing costs by bolstering the patent rights on new drugs. Currently, the independency of populist nations' policies to reduce drug manufacturing cost is being compromised because multinational organizations(such as the European Union) which represents the interests of the multinational pharmaceutical companies put restrictions on the pharmaceutical policies of populist nations for purposes of promoting the industrial goals of the multinational companies. Korea is no exception. Up until the late 1990s, the main feature of the pharmaceutical policies in Korea was keeping the drug price at the cost level based on a growth-driven ideology, and this was Korea's unique policy tools as a developing nation. However, the increase in the power of multinational pharmaceutical companies currently infringes on the independency of Korea's pharmaceutical policies. Expensive imported drugs were originally covered by the national health insurance plan, but starting from 1999 such drugs began to be covered by the plan. After separation of medical and pharmaceutical services, the use of expensive drugs was increased, and the Korean government planned to introduce the reference price policy in order to contain the cost of the national health insurance plan. However, due to pressures from the U.S. government as well as multinational pharmaceutical companies, implementation of the policy has been postponed. In addition, due to a pressure from the U.S. government, a working group was created which would affect the health care policy of the Korean government. Discussions so far on globalization was about whether the change into populist competitive nations due to globalization resulted in the reduction of welfare spending. However, this study shows not only the reduction of health care cost through policies to reduce drug manufacturing costs but increase in welfare spending by raising the strengths of multinational pharmaceutical companies that are for-profit providers of welfare service. While focusing on the contradictory effects of globalization on pharmaceutical policies of a nation, this study looked at how these conflicting effects end up promoting the interests of multinational pharmaceutical companies by examining the Korean case.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.145-154
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to analyze the policy effects of child care leave focusing on the childbirth in South Korea. This instituion of child care leave orinignally seeks to harmonize the work and family. The instituion is increasingly fortified in the receipants and benefits. This study analyze the policy effect of the institution using difference-in-difference method and Korea Welfare Panel Data. The result of the analysis suggest that substantial expansion of child care leave and family-friendly labor environment rebuilding are important.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.231-251
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• 2014

Recently, Korean government documented the plan to cope with the situation related to rich pensioners of Basic old-age pension. The purpose of this paper is to verify that how many rich pensioners are existing and to evaluate government reform plan's validity and effect. Main results are as follows; firstly, if the definition of rich pensioners is on the top 10%, the proportion of them would form 2.9% of total. And then, an amount of expenditure for them is only 2.6% of total. Secondly, in terms of disposable income, debt, and transfer income from child, the household who would be applied by government's plan is not richer than other household who is in the same living standard. And then, if the government's plan enforced, the effect might be very small. Lastly, the plan of government will discriminate against persons who support their parent. As a result, Basic old-age pension will be worsen. This paper should underline that the government's reform is only the 'hidden' retrenchment strategy in order to introduce a standard of the obligation to support own parent in the state without scientific prediction and serious discussion of negative public opinion. That is why, this is the same as the 'Trojan Horse'.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.383-393
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• 2023

We attempted to provide a way to improve job satisfaction by analyzing the relationship between the factors influencing job satisfaction directly or indirectly by the ecological system factors of long-term care worker who provide elderly care services at home benefit institutions. In this study, job satisfaction was confirmed to have a positive (+) correlation with all ecological factors except for social and cultural environmental factors by setting the causal relationship between the social and social characteristics of long-term care worker and job satisfaction as dependent variables. The factors with the highest correlation with job satisfaction were social support, followed by family support, job conditions, trust in welfare policies for the elderly, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Therefore, it can be seen that nursing care workers who recognize positive support from the surrounding social network and family surrounding nursing care workers and positively recognize job conditions are generally positive.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.287-320
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• 2018

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics and problems of the quasi-market for welfare technology in the long-term care service area in South Korea. The qualitative interviews to the developers of welfare technology were conducted. The main results are as follows. First, the long-term care insurance (LTC) in South Korea has helped to create the limited amount of the effective demands for welfare equipments with low technology. Second, the systemic features of the LTC, however, have constraint the quantitative expansion as well as qualitative growth of the quasi-market for welfare technology. The low level of financial support combined with strict regulations has obstructed qualitative competition in the market. Third, they tend to develop the standardized and minimum welfare equipments for the serious needy for long-term care instead of welfare technology promoting independency of the elderly. Based on the results, this study provided the predictions for the growth of welfare technology and suggested some policy implications.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.11
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• pp.1039-1048
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment on the healthcare-related finances of patients with age-related macular degeneration. Methods: Changes in health care financing due to newly introduced benefit standards were predicted over the coming 5-year period (2018-2022). We also analyzed the financial impact of scenarios in which agents similar to anti-VEGF, such as the over-licensed drug bevacizumab, were introduced. For this purpose, the future number of patients receiving anti-VEGF treatments was estimated for various scenarios based on National Health Insurance Corporation claims data followed by an estimate of the financial burden. Results: In the case of age-related macular degeneration, the current standard of care (14 times in a lifetime) was maintained in scenario 1. In 2018, the insurance budget for the coming 5-year period was estimated at approximately 440.3 billion won. The insurance cost for that period was estimated at approximately 560.1 billion won under the revised standard of December 2017 (scenario 2). For scenarios wherein, after 2020, similar treatments (scenario 3) and bevacizumab (scenario 4) were introduced, the estimated health insurance costs were 521 billion won and 419.7 billion won, respectively. Conclusions: Health insurance costs are projected to increase substantially due to the elimination of the 14 time pay standard; however, the actual budget will only moderately increase, due to new limitations of visual acuity ${\leq}0.1$ or in case of scarring/atrophic lesions. Clinically similar agents and bevacizumab could be considered as alternatives to anti-VEGF treatment for age-related macular degeneration.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.93-118
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• 2006

Family policy focusing on family-work linkage is characterized by family policy measures which are made up benefits in cash, leave policies and social infrastructure for child care. This study aims to identify gender ideology of german family policy. Based on diverse indicators, this study is tried to analyze characteristics of benefits in cash, leave policies and social infrastructure for child care in Germany. And then, as the results of policy - implementation the fertility rate and women employment rate are presented. In Germany, family policies have been reformed in order to better support working parents. In spite of diverse endeavors, the results of this study show that german family policy has limits to family-work linkage. Family benefits in cash has had no effect on increase in fertility and women employment because of its traditional gender ideology. Leave policy and social infrastructure have to be improved for better provision of public chid care.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.86-100
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• 2012

This study examines turnover intentions of social workers in the public and private sectors from a comparative perspective. Major findings of this study are as follows: 1. There exists a paradox between public and private social workers that private social workers show their turnover intentions more saliently than public social workers, even though the former is paid much less, but more satisfied with their jobs, and then expresses turnover intentions more often than the latter. 2. The 'voice hypothesis' can be an alternative explanation to figure out why the paradoxical difference exists between the two groups of social workers when we include the mechanism of empowerment into the equations regarding social workers' turnover intentions and job satisfaction. 3. The equity theory of motivation can explain the paradoxical difference if we make use of the meaning of the 'equity' formula which stands for the ratio between inputs and outputs exerted by the social workers.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.195-208
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze whether there are differences in medical expenses according to medical security type in the use of medical services with high disease burden such as coronary intervention. Methods: Chi-square test and covariance analysis(ANCOVA) were conducted to identify the differences in the characteristics and costs according to medical security type of 1,904 patients who underwent coronary intervention in a university hospital from 2011 to 2012. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine whether the cost affects medical expenses. Results: In the medical aid group, the proportion of women, those without a job, those without a spouse, and those who received hemodialysis was high, length of stay was high, patients using the emergency room and those who died was high. The medical aid patients were significantly higher in the non-benefit medical expenses, optional medical expenses, physician and admission, meals, medications and injections. National health insurance patients were significantly higher in procedure. The medical security type was found to be significant as a variable affecting the medical expenses. Conclusions: Provision of medical expenses should be managed in advance by providing prevention and education services for the vulnerable, and care services in the region should be provided to suppress the occurrence of medical expenses due to the increase in the number of days spent. In addition, it is necessary to support medical expenses to prevent unsatisfactory medical services from occurring for non-benefit and optional care.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.69-96
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• 2013

This paper is to critically review the economic reasoning of non-sustainability of welfare state due to its intrinsic incentive problems and to see how the nordic welfare state responds to them. The welfare state as a political design of state to pursue equality has social insurance as its main economic function. It survives market failure of private insurance to contribute to human capital investment and industrial restructuring. The universal tax-financed welfare state, however, has the problem of tragedy of commons such as reduced work incentive and work ethics. But, the existing nordic welfare state overcomes it through employment-focused policy arrangements, maintenance of work ethics and benefits moral, incentive mechanism of wage-compression, public educational investment and its complementation with social security. The Nordic model shows that problems of incentive and moral are not about those of theory and reasoning, but about their reality which policies and institutions could respond to.