• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.855-858
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• 2007

A left ventricular rupture might be one of the most disastrous complications after a mitral valve replacement. An acute atrioventricular groove rupture (type I) was detected in a 54-year-old female diagnosed with a mitral stenosis combined with severe tricuspid regurgitation. She had a prior medical history of an open mitral commissurotomy in Japan at 30 years ago. The surgical findings suggested that the previous procedure was not a simple commissurotomy but a commissurotomy combined with a posteromedial annuloplasty procedure. After a successful mitral valve replacement and a measured (De Vega type) tricuspid annuloplasty, the weaning from a cardiopulmonary bypass was uneventful. However, copious intraoperative bleeding from the posterior wall was detected and the cardiopulmonary bypass was restarted. Exposure of the posterior wall of the left ventricle showed bleeding from the atrioventricular groove 3 cm lateral to the left atrial auricle. Under the impression of a Type I left ventricular rupture, epicardial repair (primary repair of the Teflon felt pledgetted suture, continuous sealing suture using auto-pericardial patch and application of fibrin-sealant) was attempted. Successful local control was made and the patient recovered uneventfully. The patient was discharged at 14 postoperative days without complications. We report this successful epicardial repair of an acute type I left ventricular rupture after mitral valve replacement.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.26-35
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• 2007

최근 몇 년간 유비쿼터스 서비스를 구현하기 위한 핵심 기술 중 하나인 무선 센서 네트워크에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 무선 센서 네트워크 기술은 물류, 유통, 환경 감시, 홈오토메이션, 군사 분야 등 다양한 분야에 적용 될 수 있기 때문에 앞으로 관련 분야의 시장 또한 커질 것으로 예상되고 있다 [1]. 무선 센서 네트워크는 기존 유선 센서 네트워크나 무선 네트워크 환경과는 많은 차이를 가진다. 우선 극도로 제한된 시스템 자원만을 가질 수 있으며, 열악한 환경 속에서 무선매체를 통해 유기적으로 동작하여야 하는 특징을 가지고 있다. 적게는 수십 개에서 많게는 수백, 수천 개의 자율적인 하드웨어 노드들로 구성되는 무선 센서 네트워크에서 제한된 자원을 효과적으로 활용하기 위해서는 센서 노드에 적합한 운영체제가 필수적으로 요구된다. 지난 몇 년간 센서 노드하드웨어의 발달과 더불어 많은 센서 네트워크용 초소형 운영체제가 개발되어왔다. 현재 많이 알려져 있는 센서 네트워크용 OS로는, 가장 활발한 참여를 보이고 있는 TinyOS[3]부터 SOS[4], MANTIS[5], Contiki[6], T-kernel[7] 등이 있으며, 국내 기술로 개발된 Nano-Qplus[8] 등이 존재한다. 본고에서는 우선 센서 네트워크에 대한 배경 지식과 플랫폼 등에 대한 내용을 간단히 다루고, 본론에서 센서 네트워크용 운영체제가 가져야 할 조건과 현재 개발되어 있는 센서 네트워크 OS들의 특징에 대해 간략히 살펴보도록 하겠다. 또한 센서 네트워크 OS와 밀접한 연관성을 가지는 분야에 대해 간단히 살펴보고, 마지막으로 앞으로의 방향에 대해 알아본다.고려해 볼 때 atlas의 장축의 시계방향 회전은 액티베이터의 사용 효과로 생각되며, 이는 차후 II급 부정교합자에서 액티베이터 치료 효과를 판단하는 또 하나의 지표가 될 수 있다고 생각한다.인해 한반도를 포함한 동아시아 대륙이 태평양판 쪽으로 밀려감으로써 섭입하던 태평양판의 각도가 급해져 동아시아 연변에 강력한 흡입력이 발생하였으며, 이 때문에 태평양판의 운동 방향이 북북서에서 서북서방향으로 회전되었을 가능성이 있다. 따라서 약 51 Ma부터 한반도 동남부에는 지판 경계의 강력한 흡입력으로 동서 내지 서북서-동남동의 인장력이 작동되어 B그룹 암맥군이 관입한 것으로 해석된다.Ledge는 세 군 모두에서 나타나지 않았다. 4. 파일 binding 횟수는 MC군이 가장 적고 PT군이 가장 많았다 (p < 0.05). 이상의 결과를 볼 때, Mtwo 전동 파일을 crown-down technique으로 사용하는 것이 single length technique과 유사한 성형 효율을 보이면서도 더 안전할 것으로 추정된다.고 1명(3%)에서 원격전이를 보였다. 치료 중 급성 합병증으로 11명(37%)에서 RTOG grade 1-2의 장염을 보였으며 1명은 대장의 천공이 발생하여 수술로 치유되었다. 12명(40%)에서 RTOG grade 1-2의 급성 방광염을 보였다. 3명(10%)에서 RTOG grade 1-2의 백혈구 감소증이 보였으며 1명에서 심한 백혈구 감소증(RTOG grade 4)이 나타났으나 회복되어 치료를 완료하였다. 만성 합병증으로 5명(15%)에서 RTOG grade 1-2의 만성 장염을 보였으며 별다른 치료 없이 지내고 있으며

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2020

Lathyrus palustris often used as a treatment for inflammation of the kidneys in Korean traditional medication. Generally, drugs for arthritis have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. However, the validity of the anti-inflammatory effect has not been scientifically investigated so far. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to investigate the latent anti-inflammatory ability of L. palustris using the ethanol extract. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities, we examined the inflammatory arbitrators such as a nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) on RAW 264.7 cells. Our results indicated that ethanol extract significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide E (LPS) derived PGE₂ production in RAW 264.7 cell. The inhibitory activity of ethanol extract for PGE₂ tests with inhibition ratio showed in 40 ㎍/mL. Overall, PGE₂ tests had a higher inhibitory effect on inflammation than NO tests. This result anticipated that the ethanol extract from L. palustris is a good candidate for developing the origin of anti-inflammatory agents.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 2015

Overseas expansion of domestic construction over the past 10 years has been fast growing. But as a result of simple construction business practices and a focus on EPC, sales margins was reduced. Domestic construction companies have been trying to redirect business to high-value-added-areas but have faced difficulty because there areas are current monopolized by global leading companies in the field of PMC. They have recently carried out 16 PMC related project in order to expand their experience and increase their competitiveness. Most of these construction companies that do PMC overseas have been focusing on the civil engineering sector. analyzing the important and performance result 50 separate PMC tasks in detail using IPA, it became clear that domestic construction companies should also focus on tasks and were analyzed in order to advance to overseas architecture PMC sector overseas. There are large gaps in the importance and performance result of both the planning and pre-construction phase. Importance compared to the current performance levels in the planning phase gap is largest, pre-construction phase has been analyzed in the following order. In particular, one should strengthen detailed tasks in the planing phase. This study is expected to be used as a basic to determine the performance level and tasks items. It is expected strengthen the capacities of domestic companies in the PMC field, for especially in the high value-aded-areas as indicated in the results of the analysis from this study.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.508-528
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to analyze the classification of the hierarchy in terms of centrality and the demarcation of shopping areas in the context of goods-purchasing activity in the Kyeong-ju si area (The old Kyeong-ju city and Wol-song Kyn). The basic data for this study include mail questionnaire materials and sources by the on-the-sport survey. The main results of this study are as follows. (1) When forty-two centers within the wide Kyeong-ju area are classified into hierarchies in terms of the functional index and the number of central functions, it is confirmed that there are five hierarchies or classes. Hierachy A is the City of Kyeong-ju. Hierarchy B is the Up of An-gang. Hierarchy Cis made up of three Up of Kam-p'o, Oe-dong and Kon-ch' on. Hierachy D consist of seven Myons and two Ris. Hierarchy E is composed of one Myon and twenty-seven Ris. (2) Hierarchy A has five proper functions of the center. Hierarchy B holds eleven of them. Hierarchy C takes forty-one. Hierarchy D cherish twenty-seven. And hierarchy E has three. Therefor Hierachies C and D have the most functions of all. The threshold populations of the lowest central function is fifty-eight of miscellaneous stores in the central place of Hierarchy E (3) The purchase distance of the central functions of a center becomes farther in the order of barbers' and beauty salons, dental clinics, TV and refrigerator shops, and furniture stores. (4) When the shopping areas are classified according to goods purchase activity, they can be divided into four: the Myon, small Up, big Up, and City areas. Each shopping area can be classified into two categories: the independent areas and compoung areas. The Kyeong-ju city area is the largest city shopping areas of Po-hang and Ull-san are very small.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2011

2010년 약 19.5 GWp 의 규모로 성장한 태양광 시장의 주요 소재는 실리콘을 이용한 태양전지이며, 고성능 및 고효율 태양전지 시장이 급성장 하였다. 이러한 고품질 태양전지에 사용되는 주요 원료인 9N 급 폴리실리콘은 2008년 4월 $265/kg 까지 상승하였으나, 점차 하향안정세에 있으며, 급속한 가격 경쟁을 통해 당분간 장기공급가가 50$/kg 이하로 하락할 것으로 전망된다. 이러한 실리콘 제조기술 중 가장 많이 사용되는 기술은 Trichloro-silane (TCS) 또는 Mono-silane (MS)를 사용하는 기상법인 일명 Siemens 공정이다. 이러한 기상법의 경우 12N 이상의 초고품질 실리콘 제조가 가능하나, 대규모의 설비투자(1억원/폴리실리콘 1톤)와 높은 에너지(120 kWh/kg)가 요구된다. 이에 최근 기상법이 아닌 야금학적인 정련법에 대한 기술이 개발되고 있으며, 이는 금속 실리콘을 슬래그 처리, 편석 분리, 응고 급랭, 전자빔, 플라즈마 등을 이용하여 정련하는 공정을 말한다. 야금학적 정련법은 순도 면에서 기상법에 비하여 낮은 단점이 있음에도 불구하고, 여러 장점들로 인해 활발히 연구되며 점차 실용화 되고 있는 매우 유용한 기술이다. 야금학적 정련법의 주요 장점은 기상법에 비해 약 25% 정도의 설비 투자비로 가능하고, 금속 실리콘을 직접 사용하며, 에너지 payback이 짧다. 또한, 산 및 염화실렌을 사용하지 않으므로 환경 문제를 적게 야기하고, 생산설비의 확장성도 매우 높다. 본 연구에서는 국내 규석광을 이용하여 일련의 정련 공정을 거쳐 고순도SG(Solar Grade)급 실리콘을 제조하고자 하였다. 실리콘 용융 환원로를 개발하고 순도를 높이기 위해 슬래그정련법을 이용하였으며, 생산된 3N 급의 금속 실리콘을 비기상법정련 방식인 일방향 응고와 플라즈마 정련 및 전자기유도 용해법을 이용하여 고순도의 실리콘을 제조하였다. 본 연구에서는 상업생산을 개시한 외국의 E사와 비교하여 산침출공정을 거치지 않으므로 실리콘회수율 및 환경부하 절감의 장점을 갖고 있으며 최종 순도 실리콘 6N 이상, 보론 함유량 0.2 ppm 이하를 달성하였으며, 기존 기상법 대비 약 20%의 전력 감소와 약 13%의 금속실리콘 원료 절감 효과가 있었다. 저가/고순도 SG급실리콘의 제조기술 개발은 향후 세계 태양광 시장에 대한 경쟁력을 확보하고, 시장 점유율 상승에 기여할 수 있으며, 산업 확대를 통한 주변 산업으로의 파급 효과가 매우 클 것으로 예상된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.556-559
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• 2013

The purpose of the current research is to develop a strategy to activate the domestic Cloud Date Center (CDC), which allows various cloud services as a fundamental infrastructure in the rising cloud market. Specifically, the paper is proceeded based on three steps; (1) in the first step, the authors analyzes the overall CDC market including leading domestic as well as international CDC companies (e.g., EMC, HP, IBM, Samsung SDS, LG CNS, SK C&C) focusing on revenue, firm size, employee numbers, total energy consumption, market share, and so on. (2) In the next step, the study derives strengths and weaknesses based on the results of the first step. These strengths and weaknesses help us to deduct the factors which should be reinforced or complimented for the domestic CDC's competitive advantage in the global CDC market. Finally, considering these strengths and weaknesses in the second step, the authors suggest a strategy to activate the domestic CDC. Thus, this research will focus on the development of the strategic direction for the domestic CDC, which includes a checklist of strengths and weaknesses by analyzing the overall CDC market situation.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.43-52
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• 2006

The most important issue the online shopping mall for clothes is facing in the rapid growth of the online shopping mali is the high rate of the return of the goods alter purchase. The high rate of the return leads to the dissatisfaction md lack of trust from the consumers in the online shopping mall for clothes, which in turn leads to the bleak prospect for the online shopping mall for clothes as a result of the consumers' dissatisfaction. Although a type of online shopping mall using the cyber-fitting technology has emerged recently, it has succeeded only in provoking a visual interest, for it is also not satisfying the demand of the consumers by falling short in providing information. Thus, this research seeks for the resolutions of the problems related to the user-oriented online shopping. First of the resolutions is the development of a new prototype which the consumers can easily access; second is the visualization of the information using the 3D virtual-reality of he prototype through interface, which will help the consumers to make more accurate judgments. In other words, this study seeks to provide a type of prototype of an online shopping mall that meets the demand of the consumers using the 3D avatars, unlike the unilateral and conventional malls out there.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2021

Commercially used disposable cups undergo fragmentation in the environment and become microplastics (MPs). These MPs can be ingested by aquatic organisms and cause a range of adverse effects. We assessed the acute and chronic toxicity of disposable cup-derived MP fragments in Daphnia magna. MP fragments were identified as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragment with a size of 33.18 ± 7.76 ㎛. The presence of three additives including 1- Propanone. 1-phenyl-3-[2-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]-, p-Xylene and ethylbenzene was analyzed from MP fragments. The 48 h acute toxicity revealed that 20 % of immobilization and mortality were found at the highest concentration of PET MP (200 mg L^-1). The 21 d chronic toxicity revealed that PET MP fragments significantly (p < 0.05) more reduced survival rate (31 %), total offspring (52 %) in D. magna compared with control group. The developmental abnormality of offspring (3.5%) by PET MP fragments was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than control groups (0.3%). These results are possibly induced by gut blocking by ingestion of MP fragments and their longer retention time. These findings indicate that the fragmentation of disposable cups (PET polymers) into small-sized MP fragments pose a significant ecological risk to aquatic organisms. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying toxicity mechanisms.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.284-295
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• 2020

In December 2019, the first coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19) patient was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Since then, the number of patients who suffered severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV) has increased dramatically in Korea. This new variant virus induces pulmonary diseases, including cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea, dyspnea, and pneumonia. Because SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus, real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR has been used widely to diagnose COVID-19. As the Korea Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (KCDC) and Ministry of Food & Drug Safety (MFDS) approved emergency use authorization, clinical specimens collected from COVID-19 patients and even healthy people have been clinically diagnosed by laboratory medicine. Based on a literature search, this paper reviews the epidemiology, symptoms, molecular diagnostics approved by KCDC, a current diagnosis of COVID-19 in the laboratories, the difference between molecular and serological diagnosis, and guidelines for clinical specimens. In addition, the Korean guidelines of biosafety for clinical laboratory scientists are evaluated to prevent healthcare-associated infection. The author's experience and lessons as clinical laboratory scientists will provide valuable insights to protect the domestic and international health community in this COVID-19 pandemic around the world.