• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.773-795
• /
• 2008

The major import minerals of South Korea are copper ore, lead-zinc ore, iron ore, manganese ore and molybdenum ore. Oversea resources development of South Korea have 92 projects in 14 nations of Asia, 29 projects in 10 nations of America and Europe, and 14 projects in 9 nations of Middle Asia and Africa. But, most projects of them are found in Australia, China, Mongolia and Indonesia. The most projects of the Australia, China and Indonesia are interested in coal and a little projects of them have manganese, iron, lead-zinc, nickel, copper, gold, molybdenum, rare earth elements and uranium. The most projects of the Mongolia are interested in gold and rare earth elements. Representative ore deposits models of metal resources are Orogenic lode deposits, Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits, Porphyry deposits, Sedimentary exhalative deposits, Mississippi valley type deposits, Iron oxide copper-gold deposits and Magmatic nickel-copper-platinum group element deposits based on global distribution, reverses and grades of their deposits models. If oversea mineral resources will be examined the mineral reserves, mineral mine production and ore deposits models of nations and then survey and investigate of mineral resources, we may be maintained ore body of high grade at survey area and decrease the investment risk.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.40-43
• /
• 1990

미생물을 이용하여 광석더미에서 광물을 침출하고 금속을 선광하는 방법(microbial leaching)은 자원고갈현상에 대한 대비책으로 1950년 이후 각광을 받고 있다. Microbial leaching은 hydrometallurgy의 한 분야로 저렴한 비용및 간단한 기술로도 순도가 낮은 광석에서 금속을 여과해낼 수 있고 또 recycling system이라 환경을 오염시키지 않는다는 등의 많은 장점을 지니고 있다. 현재에는 생물공학의 발달과 함께 금속선광에 중요한 미생물의 유전자를 전이시켜 다양한 광석및 금속에 대한 선광능력을 증가시킬 수도 있다. 본 고에서는 선광에 적합한 미생물의 생태, 생리학적 특이성과 leaching에 있어서의 생물공학의 상업적 중요성에 대해 간단히 논의하고자 한다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.291-300
• /
• 2013

The potential mineral resources in North Korea are magnesite, limestone, coal, graphite, iron, gold, silver, lead, and zinc. North Korea is mainly exporting coal and iron to China(70%) and EU countries. Gold ore reserves(or resources) in North Korea are about 2,000 tons and annual production is 2 tons based on metal. Major gold mines are Sooan, Holdong, and Daeyoodong mines and six smelters are operating. Fe ore reserves (or resources) are 4.3 billion tons and annual production is about 5 million tons based on 63.5% Fe. Major iron mines are Moosan, Leewon, Eunryul, Shinwon, and Jaeryong and 7 smelters are operating. Pb and Zn ore reserves(or resources) are Pb 470,000 tons and Zn 15 million tons, and annual productions are about Pb 26,000 tons and Zn 50,000 tons based on metal respectively. Major Pb-Zn mines are Gumdock and Seongcheon mines. Magnesite ore reserves(or resources) are 2.8 billion tons (95% MgO) and annual production is about 150,000 tons. Major magnesite mines are Ryongyang, Daeheung Youth and Ssangryong mines, and 5 magnesium refractory factories are operating. Apatite ore reserves(or resources) are 340 million tons(30% $P_2O_5$) and annual production is about 300,000 tons(crude ore). Major apatite mines are Daedaeri, Dongam and Poongnyen mines. Coal is established as an important strategic fuel mineral resources and is a major energy source in North Korea. Coal ore reserves(or resources) are 18.6 billion tons and annual production is about 20 million tons. The main coal fields is located in southern Pyongan and the Jigdong mine is the biggest in North Korea.

• Proceedings of the Petrological Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.116-116
• /
• 2009

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.48 no.12
• /
• pp.1097-1102
• /
• 2010

Silver coated copper powders were prepared by a chemical reduction method with controlling the deposition process variables such as the feeding rate of the silver ionic solution and concentration of the reductants at room temperature. The characteristics of the products were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA) and a 4 probe resistivity measurement system. The optimum condition of the preparation of Ag coated Cu powders was at 0.05 M of potassium sodium tartrate and 2 ml/min of the feeding rate of the silver ionic solution. Our method successfully produced dense, uniform, and well-dispersed Ag coated Cu powder of $2{\sim}2.5{\mu}m$ witha silver layer of 100~200 nm. Additionally, we found that thespecific resistivity of the 30 wt.% Ag coated Cu powder was similar to that of pure silver, so that the composite powder could be used as an alternative electromagnetic shielding material for silver.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.56 no.6
• /
• pp.765-779
• /
• 2023

The Daum Vent Field (DVF) was newly discovered in the Central Indian Ridge during the hydrothermal expedition by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST) in 2021. In this paper, we describe the detailed mineralogy and geochemistry of hydrothermal chimney and mound to understand the nature of hydrothermal mineralization in the DVF. The mineral assemblages (pyrite±sphalerite±chalcopyrite) of dominant sulfides, FeS contents (mostly <20 mole %) of sphalerite, and (Cu+Zn)/Fe values (0.001-0.22) of bulk compositions indicate that the DVF has an strong affinity with basaltic-hosted seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposit along the oceanic ridge. Combined with the predominance of colloform and/or dendritic-textured pyrite and relatively Fe-poor sphalerite in chimneys, the fluid-temperature dependency of trace element systematics (Co, Mn, and Tl) between chimney and mound indicates that the formation of mound was controlled by relatively reducing and high-temperature fluids compared to chimney. The δ³⁴S values (+8.31 to +10.52‰) of pyrite reflect that sulfur and metals were mainly leached from the associated basement rocks (50.6-61.3%) with a contribution from reduced seawater sulfur (38.7-49.4%). This suggests that the fluid-rock interaction, with little effect of magmatic volatile influx, is an important metal source for the sulfide mineralization in the DVF.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2010

Leaching and solvent extraction experiments have been performed to develop a hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of nickel and cobalt from nickel laterite ore with high magnesium content. Most of the nickel and magnesium in the laterite ore dissolved at leaching conditions of $80^{\circ}C$ and 100 g/L sulfuric acid concentration. while half of the cobalt and iron were leached at the same conditions. Solvent extraction experiments were carried out with D2EHPA and saponifed D2EHPA from a synthetic solution containing Ni, Co, and Mg. The extraction percentage of Co, Mg. and Ni by D2EHPA was very low in a pH range of 4.4 to 7.3. while the extraction percentage sharply increased by using saponified D2EHPA. The stripping percentage of the metals from the saponified D2EHPA increased with sulfuric acid concentration and reached 99.9% at 1 M $H_2SO_4$ solution.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2010

Countries which have a lot of metal resources are weaponizing metal resources such as supply limitation, high price sale. It's necessary for us to establish the countermeasure for recycling of used metal resources on a government basis. Ministry of Environment has established and announced the project for finding and reuse the hidden metal resources as pan-government department pass the Cabinet meeting at September 22, 2009. This countermeasure, 10 years project, is classified into 2 steps. Aim of this project is advance of the recycling technology and industry, achievement of recycling rate, 75%, improvement in adverse balance of trade, 1.25 billion US$.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.177-189
• /
• 2003

The main purposes of this study are to utilize mineralogical studies such as optical microscope, XRD and SEM/EDS analyses to characterize the oxidation of sulfide minerals and the mechanisms controlling the movement of dissolved metals from waste rocks at the abandoned Seobo mine. Mineralogical research of the waste rocks confirms the presence of anglesite, covellite, goethite, native sulfur and nsutite as secondary minerals, suggesting that these phases control the dissolved concentrations of As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. The dissolved metals are precipitated, adsorbed and/or coprecipitated with(or within) Fe(Mn)-hydroxides and Mn(Fe)-hydroxides. The main phases of secondary mineral, Fe-hydroxide, can be classified as amorphous or poorly crystalline and more crystallized phases(e.g. goethite) by crystallinity. Amorphous or poorly crystalline Fe-hydroxide has relatively high As contents(9-24 wt.%). This poorly crystalline Fe-hydroxide changes toward more crystallized phase(e.g. goethite) which contains relatively low As(0.6-7.7 wt.%). These results are mainly due to the progressive release of As with the crystallization evolution of the As-trapping poorly crystalline Fe-hydroxides. It is also attributed to the differences of specific surface areas between the poorly crystalline Fe-hydroxides and well crystallized phases. The dissolved metals from waste rocks at Seobo mine area are naturally attenuated by a series of precipitation(as Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb), coprecipitation(Fe, Mn) and adsorption(As, Cu, Pb, An) reactions. The results of mineralogical researches permit to assess the environmental impacts of mine waste rocks in the areas, and can be used as a useful data to lay available mine restoration plan.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.196-197
• /
• 2009

지하에 전류를 흘려보내 분극현상을 유도하고, 이 유도분극 현상을 측정하는IP탐사는 금속 광물 탐사에서 널리 이용되고 있다. 특히 광대역주파수를 이용하는SIP탐사는 IP탐사에서 측정하는 전기비저항과 더불어 위상정보까지 제공해 줄 수 있어 금속광물의 종류를 구분하는 등 보다 효과적인 탐사 방법으로 제시되고 있다. 이 연구는 최근 원자재가 급등에 따른 국내 외 광산개발에 필요한 자원탐사 기술 개발의 일환으로 광석 중에 포함되어 있는 금속광물의 SIP 효과에 대한 기초적 연구를 수행한 것이다. 암석의 SIP를 측정 시스템은 GDP-32 system과 Lab transmitter(Zonge)를 사용하여 구성하였으며, 주파수에 따른 IP 효과를 측정하기 위하여 KCl 0.01 mol 용액으로 포화시킨 Glass beads에 황철석 분말의 중량비를 증가 시키면서 SIP를 측정하였다. 실험에 사용된 Glass beads의 직경은 $0.75{\sim}1.0\;mm$의 범위이고, 황철석은 원광석을 분쇄하여 $20{\sim}25$ mesh를 통과한 분말을 사용하였다. 실험방법은 아크릴 수지로 만든 육면체 시료홀더를 사용하여 처음에는 KCl 0.01 mol 용액으로 포화시킨 Glass beads의 SIP를 측정하고, 그 다음에 Glass beads 내에 황철석 분말을 중량비로 $1{\sim}10%$까지 증가 시키면서 SIP를 측정하였다. 이 때 사용한 주파수 대역은 $0.016{\sim}1024\;Hz$ 이며, 측정결과로부터 전기비저항과 Phase를 산출하여 도시하였다.