• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.447-451
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• 2012

In order to investigate the efficacies for cognitive function of edible plants, we measured the inhibitory effects of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity, radical scavenging activities, and the contents of GABA and glutamate in the plant extracts. Among the plant extracts, Schizandra chinensis contained the highest GABA 14.8 mg/g and the extracts of Cnidium officinale and Polygonum multiflorum also had a relatively high GABA. On the other hand, plant extracts except, Acorus gramineus, showed similar glutamate contents. S. chinensis, Hovenia dulcis, Thuja orientalis, and Eleutherococcus senticosus exhibited high inhibition against AChE activities at about 18-33% at 1 mg/mL. In addition, strong radical scavenging activities were also detected in those extracts which showed high AChE inhibition. Taken together, H. dulcis, T. orientalis, E. senticosus, and S. chinensis could be effective resources for enhancing cognitive function. Further, it was suggested that the AChE inhibitory activities of plant extracts might be related to antioxidative activity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2023

The glutamic acid producing strain for development savory taste enhancing foods was identified the possibility through application into soybean fermentation. To check the effects on glutamic acid production during soybean fermentation, Lactococcus lactis HY7803 was introduced as a starter. The soybean samples were analyzed on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. The numbers of bacteria decreased gradually, while the content of amino-type nitrogen increased during fermentation in the soybean with L. lactis HY7803. Glutamic acid content in soybeans with L. lactis HY7803 increased from 114.99 ± 9.37 pmol/ul on day 0 to 138.14 ± 1.76 pmol/ul on day 21, showing an overall higher amino acid content than soybeans without L. lactis HY7803 and similar content to soybeans with Aspergillus oryzae SNU-G. It was clearly distinguished through principal component analysis. Consequently, our results indicate that L. lactis HY7803 is available as a fungus replacement and may be a good starter strain for enhancing savory taste in vitro as well as soybean fermentation.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 1994

Nonionic surfactants, monoglyceryl pyroglutamates, have been synthesized in a high yield by esterification of monoglyceride with pyroglutamic acid in the presence of sodium acetate catalyst. Their structures were confirmed by IR and $^1H-NMR$ studies. For these compounds surface active properties including interfacial tension and emulsifying power were measured. The interfacial tensions of their oil solution against water were decreased to 5~9dyne/cm and hydrophobic alkyl chain of monoglyceryl pyroglutamates. The experimental results indicated that emulsifying power of the nonionic surfactant was better in benzene than in soybean oil. Due to the good surface properties, the nonionic sutfactants, monoglyceryl pyroglutamates, are expected to be used as emulsifiers.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.615-620
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• 2000

To obtain quality germinated brown rices containing high levels of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA), chitosan was applied during the brown rice germination. The GABA contents in germinated brown rices (1,035 nmole/g fresh weight) and brown rices germinated by water (771 nmole/g fresh weight) or by lactiv acid (728 nmole/g fresh weight). In addition to the enhancement of GABA, germination in the chitosan solution increased alanine concentration and decreased glutamic acid, aspartic acid and serine concentrations in the brown rices. The activity of glutamate decarboxylase was also enhanced by the chitosan treatment. Furthermore, germination by chitosan reduced fungal contamination markdely, compared with germination by water or germination by lactic acid. These results suggest that quality germinated brown rices containing high levels of GABA can be obtained by chitosan application.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2000

To obtain quality germinated brown rices containing high levels of ${\gamma}-amonobutyric\;acid$(GABA), chitosan was appliec during the germination of brown rices. The GABA contents of germinated brown rices (1,035 umole/g fresh weight) with 100 ppm chitosan solution for 72 hr were higher than those of ungerminated brown rices (136 nmole/g fresh weight) and brown rices germinated with water (771 nmole/g fresh weight) or with lactic acid (728 nmole/g fresh weight). In addition to the enhancement of GABA, germination in the chitosan solution increased alanine and decreased glutamic acid, aspartic acid and serine in the brown rices. The activity of glutamate decarboxylase was also enhanced by the treatment of chitosan. Furthermore, the germination with chitosan reduced fungi contamination markedly compared with water germination or lactic acid germination. These results suggest that quality germinated brown rices containing high levels of GABA can be obtained by chitosan application.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.275-284
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• 2019

Antidolary active and anti-sugar mechanisms of the ova family (石斛; Dendrobii herba) ethanol extract (EED) were investigated. The EED was administered orally four times a day in a diabetic mouse induced by strepto Joe Toshin to reveal and reveal its pharmacological miracle through experimental studies that reduce the liver function of empty blood sugar, glythamic oxal acetate levels, insulin levels and glutamic acid trans aminaase and glutamic acid pyruvic acid trans amine. EED increased insulin secretion by glucose in RINm5F beta cells as well as intraperitoneal glucose intakes in L6 muscle cells. Thus, EED has shown great promise in displaying anti-diabetes activity not only by increasing insulin secretion but also by increasing intakes per cell, and hopes that future research on pharmacological mechanisms for quartz (Dendrobii herba) ethanol extract will be more active and contribute greatly to the treatment of diabetes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.275-279
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• 1995

A bacterium L-10 which produce mush of glutamic acid was Isolated from soil and identified as the genus Pserdomonas. The maximal glutamic acid production was obtained when the strain was cultured at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 hrs in the optimal medium containing 5% glucose, 0.5% each of urea and yeast extract, 0.1% K2HP04, 0.02% MgSO4.7H20, 0.3% (NH, )rHP04, 0.5ug/l biotin and Initial pH 7.0, and then final glutamic acid production under the above conditions was 1.2mg/ml of cell cultures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.347-348
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• 2011

단백질 상호작용 네트워크에 대한 분석은 거시적인 생물학적 현상을 이해하는 하나의 수단으로써 보편적인 연구방법으로 활용하고 있다. 매우 복잡한 단백질 상호작용 네트워크로부터 유용한 정보를 도출하는 연구의 일환으로 우리는 단백질 네트워크에 있는 단백질들이 KEGG 경로에 있는 생체대사와의 연관성을 분석하였다. 여기서 구축된 네트워크를 KEGG 경로 흐름 네트워크로 명명하고 두 네트워크 사이의 연관성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 피루브산 탈수소 효소 및 알파-케토글루탐산 탈수소 효소 2차 상호작용 네트워크의 전체 단백질 목록을 기반으로 각각의 KEGG 경로들을 추출하였다. 각 KEGG 경로들에 나타난 단백질들을 통해 KEGG 경로 흐름 네트워크를 구축하였고 이 흐름 네트워크에 포함된 단백질의 분류를 통하여 유용한 정보를 추출하였다.

• The Zoological Society Korea : Newsletter
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-50
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• 1999

시상하부에 극히 적은 수로 존재하는 신경분비세포인 성선자극호르몬-방출호르몬(gonadotropin-releasing hormone; GnRH) 뉴런은인간을 포함한 포유동물의 생식과 발생 과정에 있어 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. GnRH 뉴런은 배아 발생과정 중에 후판에서 유래하여 시상하부의 여러 영역으로 이동하며, 생후와 사춘기를 거치면서 분화를 계속한다. GnRH 뉴런에서 합성, 분비되는 10개의 아미노산으로 이루어진 작은 신경호르몬인 GnRH는 맥동적으로 분비되어 뇌하수체 성선자극 세포막에 존재하는 GnRH 수용체와 결합한 후 일련의 신호전달과정을 거쳐 성선자극호르몬의 합성과 분비를 제어하게 된다. GnRH의 합성과 분비는 글루탐산, 노르에피네프린, GABA와 같은 각종 신경입력과 스테로이드 호르몬에 의한 액성 피드백 신호에 의해 조절되나 이들의 GnRH 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향은 최근에 연구되고 있는 실정이다. GnRH 뉴런의 분화와 발생에는 다양한 신경영양인자들이 영향을 미치나 그 분자생물학적 기작은 아직 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 논단에서는 신경호르몬인 GnRH와 그 수용체에 관하여 최근 연구성과를 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1544-1551
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• 2016

Various types of fermented soybean foods are consumed in various Asian countries, including China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Cheonggukjang is a Korean whole soybean paste fermented by Bacillus subtilis and regarded as a healthy food. The objective of this study was to investigate the Ca-bioavailability and anti-osteoporotic effects of cheonggukjang (CGJ) containing high poly-gamma glutamate (PGA) contents in an animal model. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h after a single oral dose in male rats. Ca-bioavailability in CGJ containing high PGA contents was approximately 3~5 times higher than that of natural CGJ. Female rats were either sham-operated (sham; n=5) or surgically ovariectomized (OVX; five animals per group) and then administered to OVX control, raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) 1 mg/kg/d, or CGJ containing high contents of PGA (20 and 200 mg/kg/d) for 12 weeks. Serum osteocalcin concentration was significantly lower in the CGJ 200 mg/kg/d group compared with the OVX control group. Serum progesterone concentration was significantly higher in the CGJ 200 mg/kg/d group compared with the OVX control group. Reduction grade of the trabecular bone decreased in the RLX 1 and CGJ 200 mg/kg/d group compared with that of the OVX control group. In conclusion, CGJ 200 mg/kg/d may have inhibitory effects on osteoporosis in OVX rats, and Ca-bioavailability was improved in CGJ containing high PGA contents.