• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.97-106
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• 2016

The results of advanced studies which handled the relationship between social norm and intention to use illegal download don't match exactly. This study determined that the reason why the results of advanced studies are confused is, that moderator variables play important roles. For this reason, this study planned to test for significance of moderators consisting of attitude to copyright law(A) and perceived price importance at time of purchase(B). To achieve this, the present study divide social norm into two norms(subjective norm and group norm) and set up hypotheses on the moderating effects of two variables(A, B) between these two norms and intention to use the illegal download. The results show that all but one hypotheses are accepted. The other moderating effect hypothesis which is consist of subjective norm and attitude toward copyright law is rejected. This means that the effect of group norm on intention to use illegal download is moderated by attitude to copyright law. Also, this result means the effects of group/subjective norm on intention to use illegal download is moderated by the perceived price importance at time of purchase.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.12
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• pp.349-361
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• 2001

최근 수학교육에서 수학교사의 신념과 교실 규범에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 측면에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있는 배경에는 수학 교수-학습의 개혁은 교사의 신념과 교실 규범의 형태가 이러한 개혁의 비젼과 일치될 때 일어날 것이라 믿기 때문이라고 보아진다. 따라서 이 글에서는 교사의 신념과 교실 규범의 연구를 위한 이론적 틀을 제공하기 위하여 문화기술 연구법 (Ethnography)에 대하여 고찰하고, 수학교육 연구에서의 타당성을 살펴보고자 한다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.303-312
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze classroom norms formed in inquiry activities of elementary science classes and to consider about the actual problems in enacting school science inquiry. Focusing on the inquiry activity cases of two classes, the data were collected through classroom observation, student interview, teacher interview and questionnaires. Firstly, classroom norms were categorized into three categories theoretically: norms for behavior guidance; general academic norms; and scientific inquiry academic norms. The subcategory norms of each category were extracted inductively and the features, the causes of formation, and the influences on inquiry of each norm were also analyzed. Based on the analyses on classroom norms, the researchers identified three actual problems in enacting school science inquiry. First, the collective traits of school science inquiry caused structural problems in science classrooms. Second, teachers used their authorities in different ways according to phases of instructions. Third, the conflict cases were reported between general values for education and specific values for science inquiry. Educational implications are discussed in terms of the practices of school science inquiry and of the understanding classroom phenomena.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.41-68
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• 2011

This article deals with the current rules of law of air warfare and its surrounding issues on precautionary action by a military aircraft at air-to-air operation in international armed conflict. However there is no separate and independent legal system to regulate warfare in aerospace in the current system of law of war (or law of armed conflict). In other words, law of air warfare does not exist in a form of a separate treaty. Air warfare has been regulated by international customary law and the relevant provisions in different Conventions, including 1949 four Geneva Conventions and two Additional Protocols, which mainly regulate land and naval warfare. And this makes difficult to make clear a legal term or legal tests on an issue concerned with law of air warfare, which concludes from time to time a dispute on interpretation and implementation of law of air warfare between states. Therefore, this article refers various materials (including 1949 Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols, San Remo Manual, Harvard Manual, and ICAO Manual on Interception of Civilian Aircraft) for the purpose of defining the current and desirable legal test on precautionary action by military aircraft. In addition to the main purpose of this article, this article tried to show a characteristic of developing mechanism of law of air Warfare taking into account interactions between international air law and law of air warfare.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.138-147
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• 2013

This study aims to explore how journalistic norms are practiced in journalists tweets by analyzing journalists' twitter. The study found that journalists consider using twitter as an extension of journalistic practice rather than a private space. In other words, journalists use twitter without a clear distinction about the nature of the twitter. In terms of journalistic norms, journalists expressed actively their opinion rather than keeping the traditional notion of objectivity. There are not much tendency of sharing the gatekeeping role. Also, journalistic use of twitter does not increase transparency as much as expected. However, there is a positive sign of practicing the newly expected journalistic role, conversation with news users. Finally the relationships between journalistic use of twitter and journalistic norms are not straightforward but diverse depending on the size and type of press, and gender of journalists.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

Using structural equation modeling, this study sought to examine the structural causality between elderly age norms, social activities, and life satisfaction and to determine the moderating effect of death preparation activities. The analysis was conducted using data for 6,288 people over 65 years old, plus their spouses and children, taken from the '2017 National Survey of Older Koreans.' The study found, first, that the more positive the age norms to which the older person subscribes, the more their social activities increase. Second, as these social activities increase, the level of life satisfaction also increases. Third, the more positive the age norms to which the older person subscribes, the more the level of life satisfaction increases. Fourth, there is a significant positive mediating effect of social activity in the relationship between the age norms of the older person and life satisfaction. Fifth, there is a significant moderating effect of death preparation activities in the structural relationship between age norms, social activities, and life satisfaction that specifically impacts the age norm-life satisfaction relationship. Based on these results, practical plans to improve elderly people's life satisfaction are recommended.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2019

Barrier-free design reflects the attention of the disadvantaged groups. As a populous country with the largest population and the largest number of elderly people, China has made great progress in the field of the Barrier-free. The scope of this thesis is from the 1980s to 2012 in China, studying the development process of China's barrier-free design standards by comparing the two barrier-free design standards implemented in the history of such design. In this paper, the two standards are compared and analyzed in the following aspects, which are the numbering, chapters, scope of application, applicable objects and purposes, and so on. Compared with the 2001 barrier-free design standards, the 2012 one can be concluded that the development of barrier-free design in China has been accelerated, the scope of application has been widened than before, the content has been supplemented, and restrictions on terms have been reduced.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.270-277
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• 2022

Today, due to the serviceization of the economy, volume and position Global trade in Services have gradually increased. Stable and fair trade can be achieved through solid international trade law. Multilateral discussions on service trade agreement have been stagnant, but have recently shown considerable outcome. Service trade agreement(GATS) deal with various service trade barriers in member countries that hinder free trade in services. Recently, a group of WTO members have established the 「Joint Initiative on Services Domestic Regulation」. The agreement aims to ensure that licensing and qualification requirements and procedures, as well as technical standards do not constitute unnecessary barriers to services trade. This study is to understand the type and statistics of service trade barriers that affect actual service transactions. At the same time, It aims to examine the progress of discussions on multilateral service trade agreement for resolving service trade barriers.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.8
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• pp.165-177
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• 1999

1989년에 NCTM에서 Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics(이하 Standards)를 발간한 이래로 수학교육은 Standards의 정신에 많은 영향을 받아왔다. 90년대의 수학교육은 학생들의 수학적인 문해능력(literacy)의 중요성을 반영하여 학생들이 수학의 가치를 느끼도록 하며, 자신들의 수학적 능력에 대해서 확신을 가지게 하며, 수학적인 문제해결자가 되도록 하며, 수학적으로 의사소통하는 것을 학습하며, 수학적으로 추론하는 것을 학습함으로서 아동들에게 수학적인 힘을 길러주는데 중점을 두고 있다. 특히 수학적 의사소통능력은 학생들의 수학적인 힘을 기르는데 매우 중요하다. 아동들의 수학적인 의사소통 능력을 향상시키기 위해서 교사는 아동들이 상대방의 아이디어가 받아들일 만한 것인지에 대해서는 비판하고 토론을 하도록 하되 발표한 사람을 비난하는 일이 없도록 각 학급에서는 의사소통과 상호작용에서의 사회적인 규범과 사회-수학적인 규범이 형성되도록 해야 할 것이다. 이런 규범을 바탕으로 교사와 학생이 협력함으로써 서로의 아이디어에 대해 원활한 의사소통을 이룰 수 있다. 그래서 무엇보다 중요한 것은 문화공동체로서의 교실내에 의사소통을 촉진할 수 있는 규범을 형성하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 이런 규범은 교사 혼자의 노력으로 이루어지는 것이 아니라 교실 구성원 전체의 상호작용에 의해서 장시간에 걸쳐서 형성된다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1791-1803
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• 2002

국내 수입 캐주얼의류시장은 계속적인 성장을 거듭하고 있으나 이에 대한 소비자의 구매 의도에 대한 연구는 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 소비자의 행동을 예측하는데 그들의 태도(Attitude)와 주관적 규범(Subjective Norm)을 고려하는 theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975)에 의거하여 구매의도를 밝히고자 하였다. 본 연구의 자료를 위하여 서울시내에 거주하는 20대 이상의 남녀를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 회수된 설문지 중 총 892부를 분석에 사용하였으며, 평균, 표준편차, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 소비자는 수입 캐주얼의류에 대한 구매 의도가 낮았으며, 이를 예측하는데 있어서 태도와 주관적 규범이 유의적인 결정 변수였다. 또한 주관적 규범이 태도보다 소비자의 구매의도를 예측하는데 있어서 더 중요한 결정 변수였다. 본 연구의 결과는 의류에 대한 소비자 행동의 문헌에 기여함과 동시에 국내 마케터(local marketer)와 국제 마케터(international marketer)의 마케팅전략 수립에 유용한 정보를 제시하여 준다.