• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.130-135
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• 2019

This study performed the quality improvement of a red dot sight for a 40 mm grenade launcher through parallax reduction. The red dot sight cited in this study is currently in mass production for military use as a non-weapon system. While the red dot sight's parallax currently meets requirements, slightly greater error was observed on the outside of effective optical area of the reflection lens compared to other sights. Parallax is easily affected by eye movement, which can result in aiming error. To improve the red dot sight's quality, this study analyzed why parallax is observed in the effective optical area of the reflection lens and how to reduce it. As a result, the red dot sight demonstrated lower parallax error using the new optical system design with an increased reflection lens thickness and modified components configuration related to the reflection lens assembly. Parallax was calculated and simulated by using a particular program to verify that it decreased. This improvement for the 40 mm. grenade launcher red dot sight more than satisfies requirements, offers advanced capabilities for users, and as a result, successful operation carryout.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.252-263
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• 1984

This study was conducted to find out the effect of thyroid function on Hypophysis, and serum FSH and LH concentrations in female rats. One hundred and forty-four female rats (wistar-imamichi albino rats) of 25 days old were divided into 4 groups; thyroidectomy (Thx.) propylthiouracil (PTU), thyroxine (Thyro.) and control (Cont.) groups. Thirty-six heads of rats were arranged to each group. The thyroid glands of the thyroidectomized groups were removed by surgery. The PTU treated groups were drunk the propylthiouracil solution of 0.05% and the thyroxine treated groups were administered subcutaneously with $30{\mu}g$ per 100 g body weight on 3 days intervals. Every 6 heads of rats in each group were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after treatment with time elapse for investigating the weights and histological changes of hypophysis. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The weights of hypophysis at all treated groups were higher than control group, but significantly increased from 3 to 5 weeks. The significance was not recognized between Thyro. and control groups, and Thx. and PTU groups. 2. In the histological changes of hypophysis, eosinophils atrophied from 4 weeks after treatment in Thx. and PTU groups, and basophils showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia from 2 weeks after treatment and thereafter this tendency was more serious showing vacuolization from 4 weeks after treatment. In Thyro. treated group, eosinophils showed slight hypertrophy and basophils atrophied from 5 weeks after treatment but the group showed the similar histological changes in comparison with the control group. 3. The changes of the concentrations of serum FSH at all observation times were significantly recognized among all observation groups. The concentrations in True and PTU groups were significantly lower than those in control group, but those in Thyro. group were significantly higher than those in control group. 4. The changes of the concentrations of serum LH in all treated groups were significantly lower than those in control group. The significance was not recognized between True and PTU group, and Thyro. and control groups.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2005

Purpose: Helicobacter pylori infection is known to be associated with acute or chronic abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children. This study was performed to analyze the gastroduodenoscopic findings and the efficacy of triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin between one and two weeks of duration in children with H. pylori infection. Methods: We have assessed retrospectively 60 patients presented with acute or chronic abdominal pain or upper gastrointestinal bleeding. H. pylori infection was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy and rapid urease test. Out of 60 patients, 30 patients were treated with a combination of omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for one week, and the other 30 patients were treated for two weeks with the same medication. Efficacy of treatment was assessed 4 weeks after the termination of treatment by using the $^{13}C$ urea breath test. Results: The 60 patients with the complaint of diffuse abdominal pain, epigastric pain, vomiting or hematemesis were included in this study. One-week treatment group (group I) consisted of 30 patients (14 male, 16 female) with mean age of $11.6{\pm}2.67years$. Two-week treatment group (group II) consisted of 30 patients (11 male, 19 female) with mean age of $10.7{\pm}4.17years$. In group I, H pylori were eradicated in 26 out of 30 patients (86.7%). In group II, H. pylori were eradicated in 26 out of 30 children (86.7%). Both groups did $^{13}C$ urea breath test after 4 weeks after termination of the triple therapy. The eradication rates were same in both groups as 86.7%, 26 out of 30 patients in each group. The results of endoscopy were nodular gastritis 26 (43.3%), erosive gastritis 10 (16.7%), hemorrhagic gastritis 7 (11.7%), gastric ulcer 2 (3.3%) and normal finding 15 (25.0%). Conclusion: In this study, the nodular gastritis was most common endoscopic findings with H. pylori positive patients. The eradication rate of H. pylori with omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin was 86.7% and it would be highly effective as primary treatment with no significant differences in the eradication rate between one-week and two-week treatment groups. However, we should need more long-term follow-up data.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.128-137
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• 2005

In this study we measured the amount of light energy that was projected through the tooth material and analyzed the degree of polymerization by measuring the surface hardness of composites. For polymerization, Optilux 501 (Demetron, USA) with two types of light guide was used: a 12 mm diameter light guide with 840 nW/$cm^2$ light intensity and a 7 mm diameter turbo light guide with 1100 nW/$cm^2$. Specimens were divided into three groups according to thickness of penetrating tooth (1 mm, 2 mm, 0 mm). Each group was further divided into four subgroups according to type of light guide and curing time (20 seconds, 40 seconds). Vickers' hardness was measured by using a microhardness tester. In 0 mm and 1 mm penetrating tooth group, which were polymerized by a turbo light guide for 40 seconds, showed the highest hardness values. The specimens from 2 mm penetrating tooth group, which were polymerized for 20 seconds, demonstrated the lowest hardness regardless of the types of light guides (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that, when projecting tooth material over a specified thickness, the increase of polymerization will be limited even if light intensity or curing time is increased.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2006

Purpose: The object of this study is to compare the Insall-Salvati ratio and Carton index between the patients who have an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and the patients who have no ACL tear. Materials and Methods: The study group included 114 patients who had an ACL tear and received arthroscopic reconstruction. The group I was acute ACL tear group, within 3 weeks after injury. The group II was chronic ACL tear group who had MRI was done after 3 weeks from injury. The group III was normal control group. We measured the Insall-Salvati ratio and Carton index on Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) for all patients. Results: The Insall-Salvati ratio of control group was $1.02{\pm}0.12$ and Carton index of control group was $1.14{\pm}0.16$. The ACL-tear study group was $0.91{\pm}0.12\;and\;0.89{\pm}0.20$ respectively. The Insall-Salvati ratio and Caton index in ACL tear group was significantly less than those of control group. There were no significant differences in comparing with acute and chronic ACL tear group. Conclusion: Our study show that patella baja has an association with ACL tears, therefore in patients with an ACL tear who had patella baja, ideal graft for reconstruction was seriously considered.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.25-44
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• 2016

This research aims to examine how military executive members and local residents mutually perceive the military family support. The 217 individuals from the military executive and the 191 local residents took part in this research. The results of this study are as follows: First of all, in the sense of the agreement, the respondents from the military executive had higher perception when it comes to the necessity of the community support, whilst the answer from their counterparts did not. Second of all, in terms of the congruence(1) on this issue, the perception levels that the each group of respondents showed are not corresponded, besides each group had different level of demands on the community resources according to the analysis of the congruence(2). Third, regarding the accuracy(1), the military executive members called for higher coverage of community supports whilst the local residents perceived that the executive members might be having less demands. The accuracy(2) too shows the different perception on the resources that the each group has. Last of all, for the meta-agreement, which indicates how each group found its counterpart's perception, were only corresponded at the lower level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.957-963
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• 2013

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of muffins prepared with different amounts (0%, 4%, 8%, or 12%) of apricot powder. The moisture content was higher in groups containing 8% and 12% apricot powder. The specific volume of muffins decreased as the amount of apricot powder increased. The lightness value was lower in groups containing apricot powder, with redness and yellowness values increasing with increasing amounts of apricot powder. Rheology tests showed no significant differences in hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness between control muffins and muffins with apricot added. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the number and size of air cells decreased with increasing levels of apricot powder. The substitution of wheat flour with apricot powder yielded muffins with a higher DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity and total polyphenol content. Consumer acceptance tests revealed no significant differences in appearance, smell, and texture between muffin samples, but the taste and overall acceptability scores were lowest for muffins with 12% apricot added. Therefore, up to 8% apricot powder can be incorporated into muffins to meet the sensory quality and functional needs of the consumer.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2002

Objectives: Although sleep paralysis (SP) has been known as one of the symptoms of narcolepsy, recently it has become recognized as occurring frequently in the general population. However, the prevalence of SP and its associated factors in patients with major psychiatric disorders remain unknown. This study investigated the prevalence of SP and a variety of associated experiences in those patients. Methods: The subjects were 160 psychiatric patients and 143 age- and sex-matched controls. The Korean version SP questionnaire as well as the Sleep-Wake Schedule, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Insomnia Severity Index were administered to all the subjects. The patients were referred from Dong-A University Hospital and consisted of 74 diagnosed as schizophrenia (47.7%), 26 as bipolar disorder (16.8%) and 55 as major depression (35.5%). Results: Nearly 42% of the patient group and 39% of the control group had experienced at least one episode of SP in their lifetime, with no significant difference between the groups. However, the patient group had experienced SP more frequently than the control group. Among all subjects, no gender difference in SP incidence was found. The peak age of onset was in the range of 16-25 years for both groups. Over eight tenths of both groups reported hallucinations and over seven tenths of both groups experienced fear accompanying SP. Conclusion: This study shows that there is no difference in the lifetime prevalence of SP between psychiatric patients and the general population, whereas frequency of SP experience is higher in psychiatric patients. Terrifying hallucinations and fearful feelings frequently accompany SP in both groups.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1076-1076
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• 2003

최근 소득수준의 향상 및 식생활 습관의 서구화로 비만 유병율이 증가하면서 체중조절에 대한 관심이 급증하였다. 그러나 신체적 매력 중에서 날씬함을 너무 강조하는 사회적 분위기 등의 영향으로 자신의 체형을 왜곡되게 인식함으로써 이에 따른 신체에 대한 불만족은 무분별한 체중조절을 시도하도록 자극하는 요인이 되고 있으며 이러한 무리한 체중조절은 신체적·심리적 장애를 초래하는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 그러나 체형인식 및 체중조절에 대한 연구는 주로 젊은 여성들을 대상으로 한 것이 대부분으로 중년여성을 대상으로 한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자기체형에 대한 관심이 점차 높아지고 있는 중년여성들을 대상으로 비만도에 따른 체형인식 경향을 파악하고 체중조절에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 알아보고자 하였다. 조사대상은 도시지역에 거주하는 40세 이상 중년여성 249명으로 일반사항, 체형인식 및 체중조절태도, 이상식행동 등에 대하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 모든 자료는 SAS program을 이용하여 분석하였다. 조사대상자의 평균 연령은 48.5세였으며 평균 비만도(BMI)는 22.7로서 정상범위에 속하였다. 비만도에 따른 체중군별 분포는 정상체중군이 72.9%로 가장 많았으며, 저체중군이 6.7%, 과체중군이 20.4%이었다. 자기 체형에 대한 인식도를 체중군별로 비교해본 결과, 정상체중군의 40.1%만이 자신의 체형을 ‘표준체형’으로 올바르게 인식하고 있을 뿐, 8.1%는 ‘마른 체형’으로, 51.7%는 ‘살찐 체형’으로 잘못 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 저체중군의 37.5%는 자신의 체형이 ‘표준체형’이라고 인식하고 있었다. 이상적으로 생각하는 체형에 대하여 조사대상자의 80.9%가 ‘표준체형’이라고 응답하였으며, 8.7%는 ‘마른 체형’을, 10.4%는 ‘살찐 체형’을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 자기 체형에 대해 조사대상자의 55.8%가 ‘불만족하다’ 고 응답한 반면 ‘만족하다’ 고 응답한 경우는 11.1%에 불과하였다. 그러나 체중조절에 대한 관심도는 체중군별로 비교해 보았을 때, 과체중군이 저체중이나 정상체중군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 지난 1년 동안의 체중 감량 경험 여부를 조사해본 결과, 과체중군의 77.1%, 정상체중군의 65.3%, 저체중군의 62.5%가 체중감량 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 체중감량 이유를 묻는 문항에 과체중군과 정상체중군의 경우 ‘건강을 위해서’라고 응답한 경우가 가장 많은 반면 저체중군의 경우 ‘체중이 증가되었기 때문에’라고 응답한 경우가 가장 많아 체중군별로 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 조사대상자의 53.8%가 체중감량을 하는 중 부작용을 경험한 적이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 저체중군이 과체중이나 정상체중군에 비해 체중감량에 따른 부작용 경험자의 비율이 높았다. 이상식행동을 측정한 결과, 과체중이나 저체중군이 정상체중군에 비해 이상식행동 점수가 유의적으로 높았다. 세부요인별로 비교해 보았을 때, 체중조절에 대한 집착과 식이조절점수는 과체중군이 가장 높았으나, 섭식통제 관련 식행동 점수는 저체중군이 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 중년여성들의 경우 대부분이 자신의 실제 체형에 대하여 그릇된 인식을 갖고 있었으며, 체중을 감량하기 위해 지속적으로 노력하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 저체중군의 경우 건강보다는 외모 때문에 무리한 체중감량을 시도하고 있었으며 이상식습관과 관련된 식행동 점수가 높은 경향을 보여 영양 및 건강 상태에 문제가 발생될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 중년여성들에게 자신의 체형과 이상체형에 대한 올바른 인식을 갖고 표준 체중을 유지할 수 있도록 지속적인 영양교육이 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-128
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• 2008

Purpose: The object of this study is to compare the clinical results of noraml saline and Lactated Ringer's solution in the arthroscopic meniscus surgery on the knee. Materials and Methods: The study group included 64 patients who had an medial meniscus tear and received arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy. The group I was normal saline group, which was used as an irrigation solution during operation. The group II was Lactated Ringer's solution group. We measured the visual analogue scale, painless active knee flexion angle, and the ratio of the knee swelling at postoperative one day for all patients. Results: The visual analogue scale and the painless active knee flexion angle were no significant differences in comparing with normal saline and Lactated Ringer's solution group. The ratio of the knee swelling in Lactated Ringer's solution group was significantly less than those of noraml saline group. Conclusion: Lactated Ringer's solution has an advantage of decreasing the knee swelling in the arthroscopic meniscus surgery on the knee.