• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.281-293
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• 2018

Wetlands of Dongbaekdongsan were classified into two types of pond and vernal pool. 11 plant communities are established there such as Nymphoides indica community, Sparganium stoloniferum Community, Persicaria hastato-auriculata community, Scirpus triangulatus community, Triadenum japonica community, Juncus papillosus community, Deinostema violacea community, Centipeda minima community, Apocynum sibiricum community, Isachne globosa community, and Ulmus parvifolia community. Nymphoides indica community is established in a pond located on the entrance of the Dongbaekdongsan and Persicaria hastatoauriculata community appears on edge of the pond. Sparganium stoloniferum community is formed in nearby pond with relatively shallow water and Persicaria hastatoauriculata community is established on margin of the pond. Vernal pools had been used for drinking water source and for livestock in some cases in the past. Scirpus triangulatus community is established in the most wet site as the center of the pools and Juncus papillosus community - Deinostema violacea community - Triadenum japonica community, and Apocynum sibiricum community appear in a concentric circle pattern as far away there. Ulmus parvifolia community is established in a dry vernal pool. This is the first study on vernal pool carried out in Korea. Therefore, most vegetation types are new ones different from existing studies on wetland.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2021

This study aims to classify the plant communities of the Gudam wetland, a riparian wetland in Nakdong River basin, and to identify the characteristics of the communities according to the veritical structure to prepare management plan. In the Gudam wetland, a total of 19 plant communities were found through physiognomical vegetation, and were analyzed by dividing into tree dominant community, shrub dominant community, and herbaceous dominant community according to the vertical structure. When examining the results of the community characteristics analysis, the species diversity index was the highest in the tree dominant communities but there was concern about a decrease in species diversity due to the influx of exotic plants such as Sicyos angulatus. The shrub dominant community tended to have a biased species diversity index on shrub plants. The herbaceous dominant communities ware divided into wetland herbaceous communities and dryland herbaceous communities according to the species diversity index, and measures were needed to reduce the species diversity index due to artificial disturbances. The importance value was the highest in the arboreal Salix genus in the tree dominant communities, and the exotic plants such as Amorpha fruticosa were the highest in the shrub dominant communities. In the herbaceous dominant communities, wetland herbaceous plants such as Phragmites japonicus were high. As a result of the analysis according to ordination the tree dominant communities and shrub dominant communities were differentiated by exotic plant factors, and the herbaceous dominant communities were differentiated by hierarchy number and slope.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2003

Osancheon creek is located in the southwest of the middle area in Korea. Weed community around the Osancheon creek, where various disturbances exert a bad influence directly on its community by human work or nature, was surveyed phytosocialogically. Our surveys have been accomplished from June, 2003 to September, 2003. Weed communities formed around the Osancheon creek were divided into several patterns and analysed. They have been divided into 8 communities. Community A: Humulus japonica community, B: Phragmites communiscommunity, C: Persicaria thunbergii community, D: Zi=ania latifolia community, E: Miscanthus saccharilflorus community, F: Echinochica crusgalli community, G: Typha orientalis community, H: Sataria viridis community. The flora surveyed in these communities was constituted of 19 families, 36 genera, 4 varieties, and 40 species. Wild plants such as Artemisia princeps var. orientalis Erigeron annuus, Bidens frondosa, Aeschynomene indica and Oenothera odorata were mostly light loving plants and higher resistant plants against the disturbance. Our result from the ranking all surveyed areas by the Bray-Curtis ordination method was very similar to the results from phytosocialogical table work.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2001

The Herbal Vegetation on Running Waterside in the Main Stream of Genmho River, Daegu and Gyeongsanbuk-do, Korea was investigated by the methodology from June to August of 1994 and analyzed distribution characteristics of vegetation that was related Water Environment. The vegetation is divided into 6 communities of Persicaria sieboldi-Persicaria hydropiper community, Persicaria thunbergii community, Impatiens textori community, Zizania latifoloa community, Phragmites communis community and Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola community. A BOD and COD that indicate degree of contamination in water were showed 0.9 ppm and 1.6 ppm at upstream and 15.9 ppm and 24.8 ppm at downstream, respectively. The distribution patterns of vegetation have dominated by Impatiens textoricommunity in the upstream, by Persicaria sieboldi-Persicaria hydropiper community from upstream to mid-upstream, by Persicaria thunbergii community from upstream to midstream, by Zizania latifoloa community from nidstream to mid-downstream and by Phragmites communis community and Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola community from mid-downstream to downstream. Especially, I suggested that Persicaria sieboldi-Persicaria hydropiper community and Persicaria thunbergii community will use as biotic indicator in water environment.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.161-178
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• 2017

Whereas the demand for development of forested areas covering more than 60% of Korean territory, permission on the forest development has been still given from the perspective of effective land utilization rather than conservation. As the assessment of large forested areas usually focuses more on forest structure, it has its limitation of observing and analyzing the interior change in forest in this way. This study was aimed at computing landscape metrics using a presence vegetation map and FRAGTSTATS 4.2 and analyzing vegetation mosaics. Colonies in native vegetation were classified into a series of major groups and sub-groups based on the native species within the colonies. The colonies were investigated by analyzing a suite of landscape metrics - Core Area, Percentage of Landscape, Number of Patches, Patch Density, Largest Patch Index, Total Edge, Edge Density, Landscape Shape Index, Mean Patch Area, Euclidean Nearest Neighbor. In the Chungnam province major groups and sub-groups of colonies classified based on the proportion of pine and oak species, and pine species was the principal one in terms of distribution area. As for the competition between pines and oaks, while the coverage of pine-centered colonies were three times larger than those of oak-centered ones, pine colonies showed the greater number of patches and therefore higher fragmentation than oaks at the major group level. For the sub-groups, the largest coverage colonies were not only indicated by Pinus densiflora-Quesrcus mongolica colonies among P. densiflora-centered colonies, Q. accutissima colonies among Q. accutissima-centered ones, Q. accutissima-P. densiflora colonies among Q. accutissima-centered ones, Q. mongolica colonies among Q. mongolica-centered ones, P. thumbergii colonies among P. thumbergii-centered ones, and Q. serrata-Q. acutissima colonies among Q. serrata-centered ones, but also revealed more severely mosaicked than other smaller colonies. The overall mosaicking degree estimated by landscape metrics was considered useful for monitoring and investigating vegetation. However, in order to develop management strategy based on analyzing the reason for the mosaicking process and anticipating a trend in vegetation succession, it is essential to further study about ecological characteristics of each colony in the vegetation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2002

This study was carried out to analyze Pinus densiflora forest in islets of southwestern coast of the Korean peninsula by the phytosociological methods. As a result of the investigation of 26 quadrats, the pine forest was classified two communities and six subcommunities : Ardisia japonica - Pinus densiflora community and lsodon japonicus - Pinus densiflora community, and Farfugium japonicum subcommunity, Quercus serrata subcommunity, Typical subcommunity of Ardisia japonica - P. densiflora community, Juniperus rigida subcommunity, Pourthiaea villosa subcommunity and Typical subcommunity of lsodon japonicus - P. densiflora community. The subsidiary knowledges from this study provide practical information to clarify the syntaxonomy of natural pine forest of the Korean peninsula by the phytosociological methods.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.489-498
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution status and urbanization index of the naturalized plants. For this purpose, 7 cities and counties in the eastern area of Jeollanamdo were selected and investigations were conducted on a total of 14 sites, during the period of March 2006 to November 2008. The naturalized plants were identified as 123; 22 families, 75 genera, 118 species, and 5 varieties. As for the urbanization index, Suncheon city had the highest level of urbanization (33.45%) and Gurye county the lowest level of urbanization (20.21%). Classification families were as follows: Compositae 40 kinds (30.1%) Gramineae 17 kinds (12.8%) and Leguminosae 14 kinds (10.5%). Major communities of naturalized plants consisted of 20 communities including Erigeron annuus community, Erigeron canadensis community, Alnus firma community, Amorpha fruticosa community, Oenothera odorata community, Bidens frondosa community, Coreopsis tinctoria community, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community etc. Invasive naturalized plants consisted of 5 taxa: Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Ambrosia trifida, Eupatorium rugosum, Paspalum distichum var. indutum and Paspalum distichum. The distributional characteristics of naturalized plants were divided on the basis of six areas associated with ecological characteristics of a habitat.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.581-589
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure of vegetation dominated by deciduous broad-leaved trees at the Beomeosa(Temple) Valley of Mt. Kumjungsan in Busan. To this end, 28 plots were set up and surveyed. The result analyzed by TWINSPAN, one of the classification technique, showed that the communities were divided into six groups which are Carpinus tschonoskii-Deciduous broad-leaved forest community(I), Quercus serrata-C. tschonoskii community(II), C. tschonoskii-Q.s serrata-Pinus densiflora community(III), C. tschonoskii-Quercus serrata-Q. mongolica communtiy(IV), Q. serrata-Deciduous broadleaved forest community(V) and Chamaecyparis obtusa-C. tschonoskii community (VI). Species diversity ranged from 0.3832 to 0.0450. The lowest diversity was Chamaecyparis obtusa community(VI) but the highest was Carpinus tschonoskii-Deciduous broad-leaved forest community(I) and Q. serrata-Deciduous broadleaved forest community(V). The average number of species was 6.8${\pm}$3.2 in the unit area(100$m^2$). Carpinus tschonoskii community at the Beomeosa Valley of Mt. Geumjeongsan was a climatic climax forest having a value to preserve, so a continuous management will be needed.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.139-159
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• 2019

This survey was conducted from May 2017 to August 2018 as part of the National Marine Ecosystem Surveys sponsored by MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries) and KOEM (Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation). The survey was conducted at 157 stations including intertidal zones, coastal sand dunes and beaches. A total of 72 species of halophytes were identified and the total vegetated area was $1,813,546m^2$ in coastal waters of Korea. In the west coast region, Suaeda japonica was the dominant species, Phragmites communis in the southern coast, and Carex kobomugi in the east coast. Phragmites communis was the most dominant with $1,136,643m^2$ (62.7%) in the whole surveyed area. The top 11 dominant plants are Phragmites communis, Suaeda japonica, Suaeda maritima, Zoysia sinica, Carex kobomugi, Elymus mollis, Suaeda malacosperma, Phacelurus latifolius, Triglochin maritimum, Carex pumila and Carex scabrifolia, and Phragmites communis and Suaeda japonica accounted for 75.9% of the total vegetated area. The distribution of halophyte on the coast of Korea was determined by the habitat types rather than the climate ranges, and there was a difference in the species diversity and habitat range of the halophyte depending on the habitat diversities within the same area.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.391-395
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• 2000

The vegetations of Hansan and Chubong islets in Tongyoungsi were investigated from April, 1997 to December, 1998 and a synthesis table was constructed. Based on the synthesis table, the vegetation was classfied into 6 communties: Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus densiflora community, Machilus thunbergii community, Chamaecyparis obtusa afforestation, Cryptomeria japonica afforestation, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens community, and 3 subcommunities: Pinus thunbergii typical subcommunity, Quercus variabilis subcommunity, Carpinus coreana subcommunity. The vegetation of Pinus densiflora community around Jeseungdang area is well preserved. However the islet requirs the ecological restoration, and we suggest that the rare species such a Crypsinus hastatus, old trees of Machilus thunbergii and Pinus thunbergii, and the habitat for Machilus thunbergii and Camellia japonica must be preserved.