• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.832-847
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• 2014

The main aim of this paper is to contribute to building some strategic foundations for future Korean foreign investors in Cambodia by investigating trends and institutional changes in inward foreign direct investment and working conditions in Cambodia. Rapid increase in labor costs, and investment incentives centering on high-tech industries in China and Vietnam has led to the relocation of labor-intensive industries into low wage countries since the early 2000. As a result, Cambodia has emerged as a new alternative investment region in which enable to off-set existing locational and institutional advantages, so that it has implicated in changes in Asian economic geographies. In addition, the Cambodian government has operated two labor relations projects - Better Factory Cambodia and Labor Dispute Resolution Project - with ILO to improve the working conditions of foreign investment firms. These projects could provide an insight into constructing strategies for foreign investment, and also imply institutional embeddedness in Cambodia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.108-109
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• 2005

The aim of Port State Control(PSC) system is recognized as a proficient mechanism in preventing coastal traffic accident and protecting marine environment. Recently, PSC system is focused on human factor of International Maritime Convention, especially ILO and STCW Convention by considering many accidents resulted from human factor. Therefore, we have to understand of Consolidated Maritime Labour Convention which describes employment conditions and social welfare policy, the rights about the lowest wages, the overdue wages, the unemployment protection. a disaster reward, etc and STCW Convention which describes standards of training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers. The aim of this study is to recognize inspection points about human factor of these Conventions. .

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2019

The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, (MLC) aimed to ensure decent working conditions for seafarers and entered into force on August 20, 2013. It was considered as the fourth pillar in the maritime sector. This paper evaluates how the MLC has been implemented in the field and what issues were addressed in the shipping industry. To achieve this, statistical analysis was conducted using inspection data of Port State Control (PSC) carried out by the Paris MOU and the Tokyo MOU during 2010-2012 and 2014-2016 for deficiencies under the MLC and International Labour Organization (ILO) No. 147 Convention. This study compared pre-2013 and post-2013 deficiency data according to ship's age, size (gross tonnage) and type. The results showed that, although the deficiencies reported by the Tokyo MOU during 2014-2016 were nearly double those from 2010-2012, the deficiency share against total deficiencies for the Tokyo MOU remained two thirds of those for the Paris MOU. This study suggests that the Tokyo MOU should strengthen its inspection efforts on MLC and ILO should provide clear references, such as guidelines and a unified interpretation for national discretions under the MLC for the purpose of harmonized PSC inspections. Additionally, it would be desirable to consolidate the deficiency coding system for the MLC by deleting the codes for the ILO No. 147 Convention, which was incorporated into the MLC. It would also be beneficial to add new deficiency codes for social security, including seafarers' leave and repatriation.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.39-44
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• 1997

I. 서론 : OECD는 금융, 재정 등 경제적인 협력뿐만 아니라 노동 및 환경 분야 등에 대해서도 상호협력함으로써 회원국 전체 국민이 건강한 삶의 질을 누릴 수 있도록 노력하며 아울러 회원국의 경제성장, 개발도상국의 원조, 범세계적 자유무역의 확대를 위한 정부차원의 정책조정을 위하여 사회, 과학기술, 에너지, 교통 및 교육 등에서도 광범위한 활동을 하는 국제기구이다.(생략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.700-707
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• 2005

The human being continued the processing of improvement for well being life according to scientific results The other hand, All the seaman life take the rest and sleep in ship's office and living room. In this case, many crew took the pain of back spain or deposit the his fatigue, This will be decrease the productivity owing to crew's back spain or fatigue etc. In this study researched the problem of ship's bed mattress and the principle of Well being air mattress in technical standard etc. Specially decreased some kinds of bacillus, germ and many kinds of bacteria by using of tourmaline which emitted the far red light and negative ion from surface of the mattress. We developed and applied the ship's Well being air mattress to off shore and various kind of ship by International Labour Organization convention 192.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 2009

Guidelines on ship recycling are adopted internationally. UNEP adopted 'Basel Convention', providing Environmentally Sound Management(ESM) of facilities and recommendations. IMO adopted 'Guidelines on Ship Recycling', providing measures for worker's safety, how to control pollutant materials and the meaning of 'Green Passport'. IMO Convention (draft) is in progress. ILO adopted 'ILO Guideline', providing how to make sure safety and health for workers in shipbreaking. But Republic of Korea goes against the stream and there is much to be desired. At this point of time, we carried out a study on international trend regarding ship recycling, a plan to cope with international trend, and it is considered to be necessary to establish a special law on ship recycling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.102-105
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• 2005

Between 1920 and 1996, a total of 39 Conventions, 29 Recommendations and one Protocol were adopted by the International Labour conference. But Many ILO Instruments were outdated, deficient and not reflective of modern practice, many contained technical detail which discouraged ratification and were thus ineffective. However, many issues which had become relevant were not covered by existing instruments. Therefore, the Governing Body of ILO, at its 262nd Session(March-April 1995), decided to set up a Working Party on Policy regarding the Revision of Standards. It was decided that the Working Party would examine the need for revision of all maritime Conventions and Recommendations adopted before 1985 with a view to rejuvenating and strengthening the standard-setting system. The Working Party initiated its examination of maritime instruments during 273rd Session(November 1998) of the Governing Body. The review made by the Working Party has concluded that of the maritime Conventions examined, seven of them are obsolete and should be revised, 13 should be denounced and six were considered either up to date or were identified for promotion, most of which were approved by the Governing Body. The consolidated maritime labour convention will be adopted in February 2006.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.514-540
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• 2013

Today human rights are the most complex and prominent issue in the system of international law, and the right to housing(housing right) is also recognized as a basic human right in the international human right instruments including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This study targets to comprehensive review of the housing rights provisions with 85 international human rights laws and instruments. And the contents and characteristics of housing rights are analyzed with categorization based on housing rights in general, housing rights of workers, socially vulnerable groups, international regional organizations. Housing right takes also the features of universality, indivisibility, interdependence, and right to adequate housing should be interpreted with holistic view including legal security of tenure, accessibility, affordability, location beyond ensuring just a physical housing space. Approaches to the housing right comprehensively reflect the view of the right to development, the perspective of gender equality, the principle of non-discrimination, the participation rights, and orient the housing right should be seen as the right to live somewhere in security(safety), peace and dignity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.143-143
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• 2017

산업이 고도화됨에 따라 자동화 기계 및 로봇에 의해 대량 생산 되는 품목과 달리, 작업 절차의 비정형성, 비연속성 등으로 인해 여전히 농업에 많은 인력이 투입되고 있다. 국제노동기구에 따르면, 세계 인력의 절반이 농업 인력에 해당하고 작업 중 부상이나 사망 등으로 인해 가장 위험한 직업군 중 하나에 해당하는 것으로 나타났다. 시설 재배 농업의 경우, 노동집약적인 온실 내 작업 특성상 잘못된 자세로 작업하거나 지나친 작업량 등으로 인해 작업자에게 근골격계 질환이 발생할 수 있다. 근골격계 질환으로 인해 작업효율이 감소하거나 생산비용의 증가로 이어질 수 있으며, 농가 수익에 손실이 발생할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현행 시설 재배 농업에서 사용되는 레일 전동 작업차를 이용하여 작업자가 토마토를 수확할 때의 신체에 대한 농작업의 부하를 평가하고자 하였다. 작업차를 이용한 주요 작업 절차는 작물로부터 과실 수확, 과실 상자에 과실 투입, 빈 과실 상자와 가득 찬 과실 상자의 교대, 작업차 위의 과실 상자를 운반용 파레트에 하역하는 순서로 이루어지는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오장비로 촬영된 일련의 농작업 과정을 OWAS, RULA, REBA와 같은 체크리스트형 인간공학적 작업 부하 평가 도구를 이용하여 평가한 결과, 기존 레일 전동 작업차를 이용한 농작업의 근골격계 질환 유발 가능성을 확인하였다. 동작별 위험성을 토대로 근골격계 질환 유발 가능성이 높아 개선이 필요한 농작업 동작을 선정하였다. 선정된 동작은 실험실 내 환경에서 피실험자를 통한 모의 동작의 생체 신호 계측을 통해 신체 부하 정도를 정량적으로 측정할 수 있으며, 보조가 필요한 신체 부위를 특정하거나 안전성 확보가 필요한 동작에 대한 증거가 될 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 향후 토마토 온실 내 신선도 유지를 위한 레일 전동 작업차의 개발에 작업자의 안전과 효율성 향상을 위한 인간공학적 설계를 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.336-342
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• 2021

Japanese imperialism initiated the Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and promulgated the Total National Mobilization Act in 1938, establishing a wartime total mobilization system. In the beginning of the wartime general mobilization system, Japanese colonialism focused on women's labor force and mobilized women both domestically and abroad. Women were forcibly mobilized to the Labor Patriotism Unit and Jeongshindae(Korean Women Labor Corps). Women had to take the place of home work as well as the work of men who had already been mobilized, and at the same time faced a poor situation of being forced to mobilize for war. The mobilization of Jeongshindae took place in various forms, such as recruitment, voluntary support by government offices, propaganda through schools or groups, job fraud, coercion or threats. Jeongshindae which was a representative victim of the forced mobilization of women during the Japanese colonial period, was individually litigated and remains an unresolved problem. In order to uncover the reality of the forced mobilization of women during the wartime general mobilization system, continuous research and social education through related organizations are required.