• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2008

This study was designed to provide basic visitor information for establishing effective visitor management strategies. A questionnaire survey was carried on at major entry points(Dobong district) in Bukhansan National Park. 239 random samples of visitor were chosen to represent general visitor population. As for the results from comparing other studies, some differences of demographic characteristics(age, income, occupation etc.) and use patterns(purpose, group types etc.) exist. Total visitors' satisfaction level with the area was relatively high. However, negative impacts on the trails and trash problem by increasing visitor numbers due to abrogating admission fee were indicated as the managerial priority in Bukhansan National Park.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.827-834
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide scientific data to support policy making on core area management in national parks, particularly to resolve conflict regarding trail closure, by analyzing the physical characteristics of trails in the Seoraksan and Songnisan National Park on the Baekdudaegan mountains. For the analysis, we surveyed 112 points selected from three sections and one section of closed trails in Seoraksan and Songnisan, respectively (17.1 km in total). The surveyed trails had, on average, trail width of 0.98m, baresoil width of 0.84 m, maximum erosion depth of 11.6cm, and trail slope of 14.2%. Of 53 out of 112 surveyed points (47.3%), we found exposed roots. Only 47 points (42.0%) did not show any type of physical deterioration. The magnitudes of deterioration in the surveyed closed-trail are relatively lower than those in open-trail in other national parks and are similar to those of ridge trails on the Baekdudaegan mountains.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.573-579
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between visitor uses of national parks and economic variables, such as the index of industrial product and the consumer price index. The results from the Granger Causality test showed that the index of industrial product and the consumer price index influenced visitor use at national parks. Also the Impulse Response Analysis showed that the index of industrial product and the consumer price index greatly influenced national park visitor use in the short term as well as the long term. The study showed that national park visitor use was mainly influenced by variance decompositions. These results suggested that economic variables could be used to not only forecast the demand for recreation but also establish recreational policies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 1996

The theory of reasoned action was examined as a theoretical model which explains the relationships among belief, attitude, and intention regarding the policy of limiting the total number of visitors per day in the national parks during the high-demand season. Also, effects of persuasive messages developed to change users' attitude toward the policy positively were examined. Among the visitors in Kyeryongsan National Park, 563 visitors participated in on-site and mail survey. The number of visitors who had positive and negative attitudes toward the policy was in the ratio of 43 to 49. A significantly positive relationship was found between the sum of belief and outcome evaluation crossproducts and attitude(r=0.42). Intention could be explained with attitude in an acceptable power ($R^2=0.32$). The visitors who had negative attitude and intention regarding the policy before the treatment were changed positively by the two types of persuasive messages. Among the visitors receiving the persuasive messages, 74% answered that carrying out the policy is good and 66% intended to agree to carrying out the policy. It was indicated that the persuasive messages were an effective communication method between park managers and users.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.102-111
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• 2022

Among protected areas, National Parks are rich in biodiversity, and the benefits of ecosystem services provided to human are higher than the others. Ecosystem service evaluation is being used to manage the value of national parks based on objective and scientific data. Ecosystem services are classified into four services: supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural. The purpose of this study is to evaluate habitat quality among supporting services. Habitat Quality Model of InVEST was used to analyze. The coefficients of sensitivity and habitat initial value were reset by reflecting prior studies and the actual conditions of protected areas. Habitat quality of 21 national parks except Hallasan National Park was analyzed and mapped. The value of habitat quality was evaluated to be between 0 and 1, and the closer it is to 1, the more natural it is. As a result of habitat quality analysis, Seoraksan and Taebaeksan National Parks (0.90), Jirisan and Odaesan National Parks (0.89), and Sobaeksan National Park (0.88) were found to be the highest in the order. As a result of comparing the area and habitat quality of 18 national parks except for coastal-marine national parks, the larger the area, the higher the overall habitat quality. Comparing the value of habitat quality of each zone, the value of habitat quality was high in the order of the park nature preservation zone, the park nature environmental zone, the park cultural heritage zone, and the park village zone. Considering both the analysis of habitat quality and the legal regulations for each zone of use, it is judged that the more artificial acts are restricted, the higher the habitat quality. This study is meaningful in analyzing habitat quality of 21 National Parks by readjusting the parameters according to the situation of protected areas in Korea. It is expected to be easy to intuitively understand through accurate data and mapping, and will be useful in making policy decisions regarding the development and preservation of protected areas in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.283-291
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to explore the structural relationship between recognition to environmental factor and place attachment of the users of temple forest trail in Gyeongju National Park, and to suggest political implications on conservation management of National Park from the viewpoint of landscape attachment. Survey with a structured questionnaire was implemented to visitors to the Bulkuksa, a representative temple in Geyongju National Park. Structural equation model was developed from the analysis of collected data. Results showed that place dependence positively affected place attachment in significance, whereas place identity did not significantly affect place attachment. Place attachment was affected rather by place dependence(path coefficient=0.55). Place attachment positively affected the recognition of environmental factors in significance. Landscape use factors compared to facility use factors were affected rather by place attachment(path coefficient=1.01). This result verified the importance of landscape factors of National Park, and suggested a management plan focused on the landscape conservation of forest trail of traditional temple.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze sensitivity of forest ecosystem to climate change using spatial analysis methods focused on 6 national parks. To analyze, we constructed MODIS NDVI and temperature of Korea Meteorologic Administration based on 1km spatial resolution and 16 days. And we conducted time-series and correlation analysis using MODIS NDVI and temperature. A most sensitive region to climate change is Jirisa National Park(r=0.434) and Seoraksan National Park(r=0.415), there is the highest mean correlation coefficient. The sensitivity of forest ecosystem varied according to habitat characteristics and forest types in national park. In Abies koreana of Hallsan Nation Park, temperature has raised, but NDVI has decreased. these results will be based data of climate change adaption policy for protecting forest ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.318-326
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• 2022

The Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) recommends that 17% of the land be designated as a protected area to counter global environmental problems. Korea also realized a need to designate protected areas according to the international level and explain the significance of designating protected areas. Accordingly, studies on ecosystem services are required. In Korea, the protected areas are designated as national parks, provincial parks, and county parks by hierarchy under the Natural Parks Act. However, as priority was on political and administrative aspects, research on ecosystem service value evaluation and habitat management were concentrated in national parks, and provincial and county parks were relatively neglected. Therefore, more studies on provincial and county parks are necessary. In this study, habitat quality for Gajisan Provincial Park, where there were few studies on habitat management and ecosystem service valuation, was evaluated using the InVEST Habitat Quality model among the InVEST models. The analysis results were compared with 16 mountainous national parks. The results showed that the habitat quality value of Gajisan Provincial Park was 0.83, higher than that of the surrounding areas. The analysis of habitat quality in three districts showed 0,84 for the Tongdosa and Naewonsa districts and 0.83 for the Seoknamsa district. By use district, the nature conservation district, the natural environment district, the cultural heritage district, and the park village district had the highest habitat quality value in that order. Compared with the existing habitat quality analysis results of national parks, Gajisan Provincial Park showed naturalness at the level of Mudeungsan National Park. These results can be used as objective data for establishing policies and management plans to preserve biodiversity and promote ecosystem services in provincial parks.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.416-425
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• 2024

This study aims to analyze the changes in land prices and building construction activities before and after exclusion from park district as results of natural park re-planning. Seoraksan National Park, Namhansanseong Provincial Park, and Cheonmasan County Park were selected as study areas, and prices and construction activities were compared between areas remaining in and areas excluded from park districts for ten years after park re-planning. Land prices increased in all three study parks. The largest difference in land prices between remaining and excluded areas occurred in Cheonmasan City Park. Land price increased more in excluded than remaining areas in Seoraksan National Park. Unlike these two parks, the changes in land prices were not much different between remaining and excluded areas in Namhansanseong Provincial Park, which can be attributed to the facts that 1) provincial parks were already developed to certain level even before the exclusion due to its less stringent land use regulation than national parks, and 2) that Namhansanseong Provincial Park was also designated as Restricted Development Zone that has similar land use regulation level to natural parks. Comparison between building density measures before and after exclusion shows that development density generally increased after the exclusion. Building heights mostly increased during 10 years after the exclusion. Building to land ratios and floor area ratios also increased. However, building to land ratios and floor area ratios increased only slightly in Namhansanseong Provincial Park and Cheonmasan City Park, suggesting that in provincial and city parks, land development already occurred as a result of less stringent land use regulation. In conclusion, a national park system significantly restricts property right in natural parks, especially in national parks, which make it difficult to expand existing natural parks and/or establish new natural parks. A remedy for resolving problems related to private lands, such as increasing budget for purchasing private lands and introducing park facilities for local community is urgently required.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.499-507
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• 2023

This study conducted an empirical analysis on a land purchase requisition policy in Bukhansan National Park to draw the efficacy, limitations and implications of this policy. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors that affected the landowners' decision on applying for land purchase requisition using the government's records on acquisition of private lands in the park since 2006 when this policy began to be implemented. Results illustrate that the probability that a landowner applied for purchase requisition increased if the land was classified as forest, if a large proportion of the land was designated as the nature conservation district, if it was located farther from park boundary, and if it had higher appraised value per square meter. These results indicate that as the landowners had less chance to utilize their lands, they more likely apply for purchase requisition. These results also imply that the government can achieve a high conservation performance level if private lands are acquire by the land acquisition requisition policy. The logistic regression model also predict that 401m² of the private lands in Bukhansan National Park will likely be purchase-requested in future. Despites its usefulness in mitigating landowners' complaints in national parks, the land purchase requisition policy has not been widely utilized. Based on these empirical results, this study provides policy implications to facilitate the ulitization of this policy.