• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.8
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• pp.231-248
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• 1996

이 논문(論文)은 한국(韓國)의 우주(宇宙) 산업(産業) 발달(發達)과 그 과정(過程)을 고찰(考察)하고 현재 진행 중인 통신위성(通信衛星)의 개발(開發)과 그 사업(事業)을 뒷받침해 주는 국가(國家)의 정책(政策)을 살펴보고 있다. KOREASAT라고 명명(命名)된 통신위성(通信衛星) 개발(開發)에 현재 여러 기관이 관계(關係)하고 있으나 그 중 KARI(한국항공우주연구소(韓國航空宇宙硏究所)), ETRI(전자통신연구소(電子通信硏究所)), SERI(시스템공학연구소(硏究所)), KAIST(한국과학기술연구소(韓國科學技術硏究所)) 등이 중추적인 연구(硏究)를 하고 있다. 특히 이 논문(論文)에서는 아래와 같은 문제(問題)를 다루고 있다 첫째, 최근(最近) 한국우주개발(韓國宇宙開發) 상황(狀況) 둘째, 장기(長期) 우주개발(宇宙開發) 계획(計劃) 셋째, 현재(現在) 우주개발(宇宙開發) 상황(狀況)과 미래(未來) 우주개발(宇宙開發)에 관련한 정책(政策)적 문제(問題) 넷째, 한국(韓國) 우주개발(宇宙開發)과 정책(政策) 방향(方向)에 대한 의견(意見) 최근의 한국우주개발(韓國宇宙開發) 상황(狀況)은 크게 한국(韓國)의 통신위성(通信衛星) 사업(事業)인 Koreasat program과 다목적 위성사업(衛星事業)인 KOMSAT로 나타나는데 한국(韓國)의 최초 상업용(商業用) 위성(衛星)인 Koreasat는 1호가 1995년도에 발사(發射)되었으나 정상궤도(正常軌道) 진입(進入)에 문제(問題)가 발생하여 발사업체(發射業體)로부터 보상문제(補償問題)가 제기(提起)되기도 하였으나 2호는 성공리에 발사(發射)되었다. 미국항공우주회사(美國航空宇宙會社)와 공동(共同)으로 개발(開發)중인 새로운 과학위성(科學衛星)인 KOMSAT는 한국우주과학기술(韓國宇宙科學技術)을 한단계 더 발전(發展)시킬 수 있을 것이고 1999년도에 발사(發射) 계획(計劃)이다. 한국항공우주연구소(韓國航空宇宙硏究所) 중심(中心)의 장기(長期) 우주개발(宇宙開發) 계획(計劃)에서 제시(提示)하는 4가지 우주개발(宇宙開發)의 기본목표(基本目標)는 첫째, 우주산업응용산업(宇宙産業應用産業)의 상호협조개발(相互協助開發)에 의한 우주산업(宇宙産業) 육성(育成) 둘째, 한국(韓國)의 현재 우주산업상황(宇宙産業狀況)에 알맞은 특정분야(特定分野)를 선정(選定)하고 이 분야(分野)에서 최단기에 세계(世界) 최고의 기술수준을 성취(成就)하도록 집중(集中) 셋째, 외국과 긴밀한 협조(協助)로 선진기술(先進技術)의 습득(習得) 넷째, 체계적이고 통합(統合)된 장기우주산업발전(長期宇宙産業發展) 계획(計劃) 성립(成立) 등이다. 이러한 계획(計劃)에 주요 사안(事案)으로는 2015년까지 19기의 인공위성(人工衛星) 보유(保有)를 위한 제작계획(製作計劃)과 2010년까지 발사체(發射體) 개발(開發)을 마련하는 것이다 현재 우주활동(宇宙活動)에 관련된 문제(問題)는 주로 Koreasat의 서비스와 사용계획(使用計劃)에 대한 것으로 위성개발사업(衛星開發事業)에 있어서 관련 정부부서간(政府部署間)에 의견(意見)을 달리하고 있는 형태이다. 한국통신(韓國通信)과 정보통신부(情報通信部)는 위성(衛星)의 DBS 트랜스폰더에 대해 디지털 방식(方式)을 적용(適用)할 것을 제안(提案)했지만 공보처(共報處)는 반대(反對)의 입장(立場)을 표명(表明)한 것과 방송국(放送局)의 관리(管理)와 통제(統制)는 공보처(共報處)에 있고 무선통신표준(無線通信標準)에 대한 면허(免許)는 정보통신부(情報通信部)에 있기 때문에 방송국(放送局)에 대한 면허(免許)는 각기 다른 두 단계(段階)로 구성(構成)되는 문제(問題)가 발생(發生)한다. 또한 DBS 서비스에서 사기업(私企業)의 참여(參與)와 관련하여 재벌(財閥)의 참여(參與)를 허용(許容)하느냐의 여부(與否)의 논쟁(論爭)이다. 다음으로 미래(未來) 우주산업개발(宇宙産業開發)에 관한 정책문제(政策問題)를 살펴보면 국가적(國家的) 차원(次元)에서 조직적(組織的)인 육성책(育成策)에 대한 문제(問題)로 현재 주관 부처가 과학기술처(科學技術處)와 통상산업부(通商産業部)로 나뉘어 추진(推進)되고 있다는 점이다. 그리고 차세대(次世代) 통신위성개발(通信衛星開發) 계획(計劃)에 대한 문제(問題)로 최소 2${\sim}$4개의 궤도확보(軌道確保)와 이미 정상궤도(正常軌道) 진입(進入) 실패(失敗)에 따른 Koreasat 1호의 생명단축(生命短縮)으로 새로운 통신위성(通信衛星)을 4년이내에 발사(發射)해야 한다는 문제(問題)이다. 결론적으로 장기(長期) 우주개발계획정책(宇宙開發計劃政策)에 있어서 첫째, 국제적 우주개발사업(宇宙開發事業)에 대한 적극적(積極的) 참여(參與), 둘째, 우주(宇宙)에서 독립적(獨立的)인 활동(活動)을 할 수 있는 국가안보체제(國家安保體制)의 개발(開發), 셋째, 국가(國家) 위상(位相)의 발전(發展)과 우주개발(宇宙開發)을 위한 인력활용(人力活用)의 개발(開發), 넷째, 무한한 우주(宇宙)에 도전(挑戰)할 수 있는 우수(優秀)한 인재(人才)의 교육(敎育), 다섯째, 21세기를 대비(對備)하여 한국(韓國)의 우주개발정책(宇宙開發政策)의 결정(決定) 등이 고려(考慮)되어야 할 5가지 요소(要所)들이다. 그리고 막대(莫大)한 비용(費用)이 드는 우주개발사업(宇宙開發事業)을 효율적으로 추진(推進)하기 위해서는 국가(國家) 최고(最高) 지도자(指導者)의 직접지휘(直接指揮)를 받는 정부기구(政府機構)가 수립(樹立)되어 정부차원(政府次元)에서 추진(推進)하되 산학연(産學硏)이 협조(協助)하여 우주개발계획(宇宙開發計劃)을 추진(推進)하여야 할 것으로 본다.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.33
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• pp.229-260
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to categorize the past Chiefs of Presidenteal Security Service so far based on their level of expertise and authority so that we can identify some specific reasons as to why some of them are recognized as successful while others are not, and that the categorization will be a guideline to future successful administration. In order to do so, a quantitative research has been implemented through meetings of a group security science expert who has been in security business for substantial amount of time. The result is as following: Authoritative/professional: 2nd Chief of P.S.S. Park, Jong-Gyu, 5th Chief of P.S.S. Jang, Se-Dong, 7th Chief of P.S.S. Lee, Hyeon-Wu, 8th Chief of P.S.S. Choi, Seok-Rip. Authoritative/Non-professional: 1st Chief of P.S.S. Hong, Jong-cheol, 3rd Chief of P.S.S. Cha, Ji-cheol, 6th Chief of P.S.S. Ahn, Hyeon-Tae, 14th Chief of P.S.S. Kim, In-Jong. Non-authoritative/professional: 4th Chief of P.S.S. Jeong, Dong-Ho, 9th Chief of P.S.S. Park, Sang-Beom, 13th Chief of P.S.S. Yom. Sang-Guk. Non-authoritative/Non-professional: 10th Chief of P.S.S. Kim, Gwang-Seok, 11th Chief of P.S.S. Ahn, Ju-Seop, 12th Chief of P.S.S. Kim, Se-Ok. This categorization research on the Chief of P.S.S. suggests that any president, to be a successful one, must choose the Chief of P.S.S. based on his/her expertise in order to secure national security.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.429-435
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• 2020

North Korea declared itself complete with nuclear force after its sixth nuclear test in 2017. Despite efforts at home and abroad to denuclearize the Korean Peninsula, the prospects for the denuclearization are not bright. Along with political and diplomatic efforts to deter NK's WMD threats, the government is required to strengthen its consequence management capabilities against 'catastrophic situations' expected in case of emergency. Accordingly, this study was conducted to present measures to strengthen follow-up management against CBRN threats. The research model was partially supplemented and utilized by the THIRA process adopted and utilized by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security among national-level disaster management plan development models. Korea's consequence management (CM) system encompasses risk and crisis management on disaster condition. The system has been carried out in the form of a civil, government and military integrated defense operations for the purpose of curbing the spread or use of CBRNs, responding to threats, and minimizing expected damages. The preventive stage call for the incorporation of CBRN concept and CM procedures into the national management system, supplementing the integrated alarm systems, preparation of evacuation facilities, and establishment of the integrated training systems. In the preparation phase, readjustment of relevant laws and manuals, maintenance of government organizations, developing performance procedures, establishing the on-site support systems, and regular training are essential. In the response phase, normal operations of the medical support system for first aid and relief, installation and operation of facilities for decontamination, and development of regional damage assessment and control guidelines are important. In the recovery phase, development of stabilization evaluation criteria and procedures, securing and operation of resources needed for damage recovery, and strengthening of regional damage recovery capabilities linked to local defense forces, reserve forces and civil defense committees are required.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.589-597
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• 2012

Recently, an understanding of new sources of liquid hydrocarbons such as bioethanol is economically very important. Bioethanol is actually ethyl alcohol or also referred to as ethanol, identical to drinking alcohol by its composition. There are mainly two ways of producing ethanol, namely by synthesis of hydrocarbons and from biomass. Only the second approach deserves the terminology 'bioethanol'. The present dissertation is also designed with purpose of developing the energy-saving process for the separation of bioethanol. The world population is expected to grow past 8 billion by 2030 which are almost 60% in Asia Pacific. History has shown that energy use rises much faster than population expands. World wide demand for energy will increase significantly during the next 15 years driven by population growth and the transition of emerging markets into the global economy. In developing nations, a smaller increment in GDP per capita yields a higher increment in energy consumption compared to developed countries. In this study, we analised total 2,454 dissertations for the bioethanol during the 2001~2012 periods by the programs of 'web of science' and 'recently developped program by Korea Institute of Science Technology Information'.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.115-152
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• 2017

This paper is to analyse the changes in the future war patterns and ROK's response. To this end the paper is composed of 5 chapters titled instruction; concept, characteristics, types, and evolution of war; changes in the war patterns of the future; Korea's response strategies for the future war. Truth can be immutable, but everything else changes. War has begun with human history, and today there are still wars in places all over the world. As ages change from agricultural society to industrial society to knowledge and information society, aspects(patterns) of war have also changed. Future warfare includes the 5th dimensional war(in the ground, the sea, the air, the universe, the cyber), the network-centric, the precision strike, the rapid maneuver, the non-gunpowder, the non-lethal, the unmanned robot, the informational & cyber, the asymmetric, the non-linear, and the parallel etc. In response to these changes in the pattern of wars, the ROK military should seek (1)to build a future-oriented military force, (2)to continuously develop military innovation and preparedness, and (3)to develop and establish a paradigm for acquiring the power of technology. A Roman strategist, Vegetius said, "If you wish peace, prepare for war." This is a universally accepted maxim in international society today. We must never forget that peace we desire is given when we have the will and ability to keep.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.443-456
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• 2017

The Geumran-gasa (Kasaya) and Jangsam of the monk Samyeong are historical relics and were designated as object No.29, a Buddhist costume of the Joseon Dynasty, by the National Folklore Cultural Heritage, in 1973. In 1984, after being treated for the purposes of washing and preserving the shape of the garments, the object was kept in the Temple Museum of Pyochungsa, as their holding institution. However, regular inspection conducted by the Cultural Heritage Administration in 2013 determined the need for a re-treatment. The Geumran-gasa had been originally made with 25 strips, but it had been separated into two parts and many pieces were lost. A part of the collar in the Jangsam was lost as well. Therefore, both relics needed to be restored. The re-treatment process involved pre-investigation, washing, reinforcement fabric dyeing, restoration, and fumigation. In particular, we focused on reinforcing the damaged parts and restoring the missing parts by applying advanced materials and methods in order to restore the original form as much as possible. This conservation is the result of the re-treatment of the cultural properties by replacing the old material used in past treatments and applying advanced methods under the basic principle of reversibility in conservation treatment.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.965-982
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• 2011

Currently, dependency of natural and energy resources on world economy may not be more serious than any before increasing the uncertainty of Korea's national economy, especially as China uses unexpectedly fast glowing portion of world resources. Due to insufficient natural resources and unmatured renewable energy system, it is very important for Korea to secure the energy sources not only for national prosperity but also security for the future. In this regard, importance and necessity of nuclear energy as a major electric power source in Korea are in need to be emphasized. Korea currently imports all the necessary enriched uranium for fabrication of nuclear fuel from abroad. Thus, it is extremely important to establish a secured supply system for enriched uranium regardless of the global political unstability as well as economic fluctuation. In order to build the nuclear fuel procurement system, it is required to analyze the global market status, current enrichment service systems, and the future technology under development. For this purpose, this study comparatively analyzes the laser based advanced technology for uranium enrichment under development in the United States, which is assumed to be 2~3 times more economically viable than currently available technologies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

Utility-Pipe Conduit is, Housing and city effectively accommodate what they absolutely need power, communications, gas, pipeline, water supply, drainage, energy facilities etc, according to expansion of urban infrastructure are derived, several ways to solve problems in, collection facilities in place are maintained and managed facility. If Utility-Pipe Conduit is damaged, as well as national security, because their impact on society as a whole, by introducing large vulnerability in the fire prevention activities and suppression measures and disaster for our situation by introducing measures, comprehensive analysis of the fire risk, it shall establish fire prevention activities and suppression through analysis of Utility-Pipe Conduit design, institutional issues, the problem of fire protection facilities, fire spread phenomenon etc. Because of Utility-Pipe Conduit is an enclosed place, so incomplete combustion due to lack of oxygen supply that there are problem such dark smoke, carbon monoxide etc, toxic combustion products and heat generation and visual impairment is an issue difficult to enter. As well as fire prevention activities, the fire In light of the particularity of the under ground than above ground fire, so this phenomenon is weak fire fighting that fire to become effective fire fighting tactics, basically it is necessary difficulty softening, non-burn softening and prevent combustion expansion of the cable is installed on the Utility-Pipe Conduit, having to considering the specificity of the response command system and relevant organizations to establish an on-site, Structural identification and other information gathering required to record of Response agencies, keep air conditioning system 24 hours and strengthening Virtual Total Training of Response agen

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.44
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• pp.139-167
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• 2015

It is known that Psychopathy is excessively selfish, using as a tool to achieve the purpose to others, irresponsible, easy liars in common. They were recognized that it is people of harmful to society, impulsive, attacking others body, ignorant others safety, enjoying or callousing others suffers. But, another aggressive behaviors are described as pro-social aggressive acts as the cops bring under control by firearms to hostage committing a crime in social norms. The proper aggression is related with national security and safety of the people that is pro-social aggression for nation and human society. Security service with the legal grounds and the convinced commitment needs self-giving works, self-sacrificial security-activity is in the center of security service. These days, psychologists reveal the people of psychopathy are CEO, politician, broadcaster, surgeon, special forces, police officer. And they distinguish themselves and contribute to a community in various fields. Therefor, this research wanted to find out the relationship between fearlessness, coldheartedness in the PPI-R(applying to the university student for checking psychopathy, except anti-social traits) and pro-social aggression, self-sacrificial security-activity.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.49
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• pp.67-93
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze protocol & security systems of international conferences such as 2010 Seoul G20 Summit, 2012 Seoul Nuclear Security Summit and to propose Improvement strategies. The results derived from this study are as follows. First, it is necessary to support the establishment of international conference laws. We should select a major agency for 'International Conference Industry Promotion Act', coordinate of the system of international conference laws, resolve potential conflicts, maintain consistent on support organization of international conferences. Second, it is necessary to coordination among different ministries that control security relevant laws. We should solve clashes possibility between a few laws on security system which is closely related to protocol & security of international conference. Third, it is necessary to produce a joint protocol handbook of government for establishing protocol & security system of international conferences. We should try to confirm protocol & security system of international conferences through publishing a joint protocol handbook of government from their own protocol handbook of the executive, the legislature, etc. Forth, it is necessary to build and strengthen expertise of PCOs(professional convention organizers). We should find and assist several PCOs for achieving government policy that develop industrial foundation on international convention and train human resources on international convention expected next generation of promising industries.