• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.371-384
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop the risk-adjusted mortality model using Korean Hospital Discharge Injury data and US National Hospital Discharge Survey data and to suggest some ways to manage hospital mortality rates through comparison of Korea and United States Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratios(HSMR). This study used data mining techniques, decision tree and logistic regression, for developing Korea and United States risk-adjustment model of in-hospital mortality. By comparing Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratio(HSMR) with standardized variables, analysis shows the concrete differences between the two countries. While Korean Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratio(HSMR) is increasing every year(101.0 in 2006, 101.3 in 2007, 103.3 in 2008), HSMR appeared to be reduced in the United States(102.3 in 2006, 100.7 in 2007, 95.9 in 2008). Korean Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratios(HSMR) by hospital beds were higher than that of the United States. A two-aspect approach to management of hospital mortality rates is suggested; national and hospital levels. The government is to release Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratio(HSMR) of large hospitals and to offer consulting on effective hospital mortality management to small and medium hospitals.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 1998

This study compared junior high school science textbooks(for grade $7{\sim}9$) of the USA, Australia, Japan, and Korea. Specifically, the amount and pattern of knowledge, process skills, activities, contexts, nature of science, and integration topics were compared in terms of country, grade, and content. The results of analysis are as follow: 1) Physics, chemistry, biology, and earth science were equally distributed in textbooks of Korea and Japan. In Korean textbooks, "law" was more emphasized compared with other countries' textbooks. 2) The most popular process skills were proportion and controlling variables in Korea's textbooks. Correlation, cause/effect, and proportion in Japan's textbooks. Controlling variables and data transformation in textbooks of USA and Australia. 3) Experiment and observation were the most popular activities in textbooks of Korea, Japan, and Australia. In textbooks of the USA, observation, experiment, survey, practice, and measurement activities were used evenly. 4) In textbooks of Korea and Japan, pure science and natural environment contexts were the most popular. 5) There was no chapter dealing with nature of science in textbooks of Korea and Japan. 6) Integration topics between science and technology were the most popular. Based on these findings, several implications on Korean science textbooks were discussed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.563-572
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• 2009

The steel industry, as the national representative strategic industry of our country, has played the motive power for the economic growth of Korea in 1970s as the positive support of the government and the management endeavor of the private were harmonized. However, in case of our country, we have mostly relied on import of the raw materials for the steel industry, and as the weight of the imported raw materials is heavy, the steel industry is the industry whose transport burden is big as it is called 'transport industry'. So, the transport rationalization will be the important task of the steel industry. This study has analyzed the economic efficiency per the transport route (container ship vs bulk ship) of the sea transport related to import/export of the steel scrap on the level acquiring the stable supply of the steel scrap. For this, this study firstly researched the status of domestic/foreign steel industry. And analyzed the world crude steel production volume, steel scrap consumption volume and world steel scrap trading structure. Also, in order to compare the transport logistics expenses between two transport devices, namely, container ship and bulk ship, this study calculated the logistics expenses per ton by using the traffic hours and traffic expenses items as the imported/exported scrap freights of 'D' company.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.286-294
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• 2017

Development of transportation is rapidly reducing the barriers between countries, but this is causing the easier migration of species than the past. Typically, exotic species are imported for the purpose of food, leather, and pets. However, it has been introduced into the wild through artificially or naturally paths, and recently they are become a main cause of ecosystem disturbance. In this study, we investigated exotic turtle species introduced into the wild and analyzed their distribution characteristics. As a result of filed surveys, totally 4 genus 8 species 62 individuals of exotic turtles were found from 126 reservoirs in Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. In particular, Trachemys scripta elegans showed relatively high frequency than other turtle species and the natural reproduction of T. s. elegans was confirmed in some areas. On the other hand, the frequency of discovery of exotic turtles except T. s. elegans was relatively low, and the range of the areas was limited. Especially, exotic turtles except T. s. elegans were mainly found in public places such as reservoirs in the park. As a result of analyzing the distribution characteristics of exotic turtles using geographic information system, the turtles' distribution showed a high correlation with the artificial factor such as "urban". In this study, we identified the distribution characteristics of exotic turtles in the Korean wild, and these results will be important data for understanding status the and establishing effective management methods for exotic species.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.297-321
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• 2011

Under the UN Security Council Resolution 1540/1810 in 2004 to restrict the proliferation of WMD (weapons of mass destruction) and their means of delivery, many countries have taken great efforts to, control the export of strategic items, thereby preventing the transfer of ABCM (atomic, biological, chemical weapons, missiles) and technologies and goods related to conventional weapons or dual-use items, Compliance Program (CP) in Korea or Internal Compliance Program(ICP) in Japan refers to a company's internal system or rules to comply with the export control laws and regulations, and is to prevent the unintentional illegal export of strategic items. This paper analyzes the Compliance Program (CP) of strategic export control system between Korea and Japan. Both countries have very similar legal frameworks under the guiding principles of multilateral export control regimes. However, there are some differences in actual procedures, classification service, supporting system, export license, sanctions for illegal exporters, etc. Korea should take more active and customer-oriented measures to promote the Compliance Program (CP) into Korean export companies for better awareness and positive attitude, practical information and education, smoothy government-firm communication, closer cooperation between Korea and Japan, etc.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.303-332
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• 2023

This study comprises critical questions of "What kinds of intangible resources are significant to create and reinforce competitive advantages for the small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) that significantly influence the national economy? What kinds of capacities do SMEs need in consideration with the large changes in market environment and during crisis? With large changes to market environment, would different capacities affect performance of platform and general SMEs?" To examine these questions, I have provided Entrepreneurial Orientation, Absorptive Capacity, and Organizational Resilience as key capacities that influence the competitive advantage and performance of SMEs. In particular, I have substantiated the control effect of Organizational Resilience (a rising key capacity for enterprises in recent times) on Corporate Performance. Moreover, I have analyzed the control effect of Organizational Resilience on Corporate Performance by comparing platform and general companies, and also substantiated how control effects may vary depending on sub-factors of Organizational Resilience. The results of this study indicate that Entrepreneurial Orientation and Absorptive Capacity significantly and positively influence Corporate Performance. Organizational Resilience also demonstrate a positive influence on Corporate Performance. Notably, sub-factors of Organizational Resilience (risk preparation capacity, risk response capacity, and change initiative capacity) significantly control correlation between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Corporate Performance. Risk preparation capacity and change initiative capacity significantly control correlation between Absorptive Capacity and Corporate Performance. Additionally, the control effect of risk preparation capacity significantly control correlation between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Corporate Performance. Also, the control effect of risk response capacity correlations between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Corporate Performance demonstrated themselves significantly only in platform enterprises. The study's results indicate that Organizational Resilience not only directly influence Corporate Performance, but also strengthens Corporate Performance via mutual interaction with Entrepreneurial Orientation and Absorptive Capacity, although the control effect of Organizational Resilience may vary between platform enterprises and general enterprises. I expect such results to provide practical value to the management of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.270-279
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sodium and sugar reduction practices of the Samsam foodservice project of Daegu, in comparison with that of general foodservices in Daegu. Methods: A survey was conducted on 80 Samsam foodservice workers and 80 general foodservice workers from Sep. to Oct. 2020. We compared each worker's taste preferences, stage of behavior change and dietary behavior regarding sodium and sugar, and each foodservice's practices regarding sodium and sugar reduction. Results: There was no significant difference between the salty taste and sweet taste preferences between the workers at the Samsam foodservices and those at the general foodservices. The percentage of foodservice workers in action or maintenance stage of behavior change for eating less salty was higher in the Samsam foodservices than in the general foodservices (P < 0.05). In addition, regarding the degree of saltiness and sweetness of meals, the workers at the general foodservices perceived their meals to be saltier (P < 0.001) and sweeter (P < 0.01) than the workers at Samsam foodservices. The workers at Samsam foodservices had fewer salty dietary behaviors compared to the workers at general foodservices (P < 0.01). The sodium reduction practice was significantly higher in the Samsam foodservices than the general foodservices (P < 0.001), especially in "efforts to make the food as bland as possible overall" (P < 0.001), and "serving less soup and stew" (P < 0.001). The sugar reduction practice too was significantly higher in the Samsam foodservices than the general foodservices (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The Samsam foodservices were shown to be better in the practice of sodium and sugar reduction compared to general foodservices. Therefore, it is necessary to provide continuous and practical support and incentives at the national level to expand the sodium and sugar reduction practices in foodservices.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.178-187
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• 2013

분자단계에서 천연소재 유래 다당체는 면역 세포 표면(예, 대식세포)에 있는 한가지 또는 여러가지 수용체(${\beta}$-glucan 수용체, mannose 수용체, complement 수용체 3, Toll-like 수용체, scavenger 수용체)와 면역 반응을 시작하기 위하여 결합할 수 있고, 그 후에 신호전달을 위하여 cytokine과 second messenger($Ca^{2+}$, cAMP, cGMP, NO 등등)들을 생성한다. 그 결과로 선천면역과 적응면역을 유도하여 다양한 질환에 영향을 미친다. 추가적으로 다당체들의 면역조절은 신경내분비 체계의 조절과도 연관되어 있다. 최근 수많은 천연소재유래 다당체의 생리활성에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 다양한 연구를 통해 정확한 약효, 낮은 독성과 부작용을 가진 일단의 다당체가 발견되어 현재 임상에서 암 치료에도 사용되고 있다. 이러한 사실들은 면역증진 다당체들이 항 종양치료를 위한 새로운 치료제로서 큰 시장을 개척할 수 있다는 가능성을 보여주고 있다. 이러한 사실에도 불구하고 현재 다당체에 대한 연구는 다음과 같은 취약점을 내포하고 있다. 첫째 다당체의 생리활성에 대한 정해진 비교기준이 없다. 특별히 임상 환경에서는 이러한 연구들이 중국, 일본, 한국과 일부 다른 동양국가들에 국한되어 있어 유럽이나 미국에서의 연구 자료가 결여되어있다. 둘째 현재 연구에 사용되고 있는 대다수의 천연소재 유래 다당체는 순수한 다당체가 아닌 천연 그대로의 것을 사용하고 있어 소재로부터 유래하는 다른 활성성분에 의해 쉽게 영향을 받을 수 있어 순수 다당체가 면역체계에 어떠한 역할을 수행하는지 진단하는데 어려움이 있다. 셋째 면역조절 경로에서 다당체의 정확한 신호전달 경로가 아직 정확하게 밝혀지지 않았고, 또한 동물과 임상실험에서 다당체가 작용하는 수용체 및 신호전달 경로에 대한 상반되는 결과가 발표되고 있기도 하다. 따라서 다당체의 면역조절활성에 대한 연구에 있어 다음과 같은 점들에 주목해야 할 필요가 있다. 첫째 다당체의 구조와 활성간의 상관관계를 밝혀야 할 것이다. 특히 다당체의 세부 구조 및 활성 부위를 밝혀낸다면 분자수준의 면역조절 기작을 명확히 하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 정보를 확보할 수 있다면 다당체의 구조를 변형시켜 활성을 증진시킬 수 있을 것이며, 또한 활성이 증가된 다당체를 합성하는 일도 가능해 질 것으로 예상된다. 마지막으로 ${\beta}$-glucan과 lentinan과 같은 정제된 다당체의 연구를 지속적으로 수행하여 효과적인 동물실험 및 임상실험 protocol을 확보하고 연구결과들에 대한 database를 구축해야 할 필요가 있다. 이러한 노력들이 성공적으로 수행된다면 천연소재유래 다당체들이 가까운 장래에 암 치료를 포함한 다양한 질병에 적용 가능한 새로운 면역조절제로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.46-60
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• 2023

This study examines the appropriateness of indicators and methodologies through the evaluation of cultural services in border areas and uses them as basic data for the ecosystem service-based management of border areas, which are key domestic ecological assets. Accordingly, in this study, seven border cities and counties were evaluated and compared based on the evaluation indicators and methods presented by the National Institute of Ecology. As a result of the cultural service evaluation, it was found that Paju City was superior in leisure and tourism, Inje-gun was best in scenic beauty and heritage, and Yanggu-gun was strongest in education, and Inje-gun in heritage. Accordingly, through this study, future tasks for comprehensive cultural service evaluation were presented as follows. First, in order to evaluate ecosystem services at the national and regional levels, it is necessary to establish an indicator system for cultural service evaluation and monitoring. Second, when building a cultural service evaluation index system, it is necessary to review upper and lower conceptual units and the consistency between indicators according to the scale of the evaluation region. Third, a specific review of DB utilization for cultural service evaluation should be conducted depending on the type of ecosystem. Lastly, given the significant lack of domestic cultural service research, additional basic research must be conducted to evaluate cultural services including non-material and qualitative perceptions. In order to evaluate cultural services in the future, additional basic research is needed for each ecosystem type, and a process of finding appropriate evaluation indicators and methods through research is necessary.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.837-852
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• 2000

Backgrounds : Today, tuberculosis cannot only be cured medically, but also controlled by public health. Despite the overall worldwide decline in tuberculosis, the disease continues to be a significant problem among developing countries and in the slums of large cities in some industrialized countries. Particularly, this communicable disease has come into the public health spotlight because of its resurgence in the 1990's. our country has been operating the Korean National Tuberculosis Control Program since 1962, focusing around public health centers. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of tuberculosis control activities, one of the major public health activities in Korea, by producing indexes, such as the yearly registration rate per 100,000 population and treatment compliance of tuberculosis on in small areas (communities). Methods : This work was accomplished by constructing a time-series analytic model using data from "1980~2000: the Yearly Statistical Report" with patient registry data of 234 City. County. District public health centers and by identifying the factors influencing the tuberculosis indexes. Results : The trends of pulmonary tuberculosis positive point prevalence and pulmonary tuberculosis negative point prevalence on X-ray screening have declined steadily, beginning in 1981 and continuing to 1998 by region (city, county, district). Although the tuberculosis mortality rate steadily shows a declining trend by year and region, but Korea still ranks first among 29 OECD countries in 1998, with a tuberculosis mortality rate of 7.1 per 100,000 persons, according to the time-series analysis for fatal diseases. Conclusion : The results of the study will form the fundamental basis of future regional health care planning and the Korean Tuberculosis Surveillance System on 2000. Since the implementation of local autonomy through the Local Health Act of 1995, it has now become vita1 for each city, county, district public health centers to determine its own priorities for relevant health care management, including budget allocation and program goals.