• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.48-51
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• 1992

이 글에서 설계변수가 유한개이고 목적함수 및 제약함수가 설계변수의 비선형 함수로 표시되는 최적화 문제를 기술하고, 그 해법을 개념적으로 고찰하며 마지막으로 구조최적설계 문제의 특성과 최적화 과정을 살펴보기로 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.134-149
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• 2011

최근 제약 및 바이오 분야는 국내 외 환경변화로 인해 역동적인 모습을 보이고 있다. 국내외 매출규모 상위 제약회사(국외 10개, 국내 11개 기업)와 유망 바이오회사(국외 8개, 국내 7개 기업)를 분석해본 결과, 기존과 다른 혁신적인 모습이 관찰되었다. 즉 제약 및 바이오 분야 기업들의 기존 블록버스터 비즈니스 모델은 관련 특허가 곧 만료됨에 따라 붕괴되고, 새로운 신약개발을 위해 치열한 경쟁이 시작되어 새로운 차원의 비즈니스 모델이 구상되고 있다. 따라서 새로운 형태로 생명공학계와 제약 산업 간의 '협업' 및 '분업' 구조가 나타나게 되었으며, 이는 오픈 이노베이션이라는 개념과 함께 구체화되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 '91~'11년 동안의 제약 및 바이오 분야의 기술혁신 패턴과정을 Utterback & Abernathy의 시계열적 기술혁신 패턴의 개념으로 설명하고, 특허 전문 DB인 Thomson Reuters사의 Aureka를 활용하여 약 20년 동안의 주요 제약 및 바이오 기업들의 R&D 분야 변화 및 융합되는 모습 등을 분석하였다. 또한, 각 종 시장분석자료를 재종합하여 관련 기업의 M&A 및 라이센싱 규모를 파악하고, 더 나아가 새롭게 등장한 바이오-파마(Bio-Pharma)의 오픈 이노베이션의 유형을 분석하였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.7-17
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• 1990

The objective of this paper is to provide a method of optimizing are as of the members as well as shape of both truss and arch structures. The design process includes satisfaction of stress and Euler buckling stress constraints for truss and combined stress constraints for arch structures. In order to reduce the number of detailed finite element analysis, the Force Approximation Method is used. A finite element analysis of the initial structure is performed and the gradients of the member end forces are calculated with respect to the areas and nodal coordinates. The gradients are used to form an approximate structural analysis based on first order Taylor series expansions of the member end forces. Using move limits, a numerical optimizer minimizes the volume of the structure with information from the approximate structural analysis. Numerical examples are performed and compared with other methods to demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the Force Approximation Method for shape optimization. It is shown that the number of finite element analysis is greatly reduced and that it leads to a highly efficient method of shape optimization of structures.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.209-223
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to stimulate the online word-of-mouth advertising by developing the concept of word-of-mouth constraint factors and measurement tools in connection with the SNS advertising on social networks. To achieve the objective of this study, this study was conducted in 3 phases. First, the exploratory investigation(target group interview, in-depth interview, and expert interview) was performed to determine the concept and scope of the word-of-mouth constraint based on literature study and qualitative investigation method. Second, the reliability and validity of the measurement questions were verified through the survey in order to refine the developed measurement items. Third, the predictive validity of measurement items was verified by examining the relationship with other major construct concept for which the developed measurement items were different. Based on the results of study, 6 components and a total of 23 measurement questions for those components were derived. Each was called intrapersonal and interpersonal constraint(psychological sensitivity, compensatory sensitivity, and other person assessment), structural constraint(reliability, informativity, and entertainment). We developed the measurement questions related to word-of-mouth constraint based on qualitative study and quantitative study and holistically examined the social and psychological, environmental interruption factors acting as the word-of-mouth constraint factors for SNS advertising in terms of SNS achievements and evaluation from the perspective of word-of-mouth constraint. The results will lead to creation of basic framework for systematic and empirical research on the online word-of-mouth constraint and to achievement of effective SNS word-of-mouth advertising.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.186-200
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• 2006

Analysis model focuses only on functional requirements and postpones nonfunctional requirements and implementation specific issues until subsequent design activities are undertaken. Based on the analysis models, the design activities are performed by refining and clarifying the analysis models. Thus, the quality of analysis models has a vast impact on the design models. Therefore, much effort should be taken to build correct analysis model. In this paper, we propose a set of structural constraints that analysis models of typical object-oriented development methods should satisfy. Three kinds of constraints are proposed: class related constraints, relation related constraints, and usage related constraints. For each constraint, formal definition and description with OCL are provided. In addition, through a case study with two medium-sired industrial systems, we demonstrated that the proposed approach can help to identify and correct serious deficiencies in object-oriented analysis models.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.464-468
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 한국어 의존관계 파서의 정확성 및 효율성을 높이기 위해 구구조 내의 지역적 수식 특성을 반영할 수 있는 지역 의존관계의 사용을 제안한다. 의존문법은 자유어순 언어를 잘 설명할 수 있는 장점이 있지만, 전체 문장구조에 관한 의존제약이 너무 미약하기 때문에 단순히 어절간 구문 의존 제약만으로는 원하지 않는 분석 결과가 너무 많이 생성된다. 그러나 자유어순 언어라 하더라도 지역적인 구구조에는 일정한 어순 제약이 존재한다. 명사구, 용언구 등과 같은 구구조를 분석해 보면 수식어의 지배소는 반드시 그 구 안에 있다. 이러한 구조 정보에 기반을 둔 지역 의존관계 규칙을 이용하면 하나의 의존소에 대해서 지배소로 사용될 수 있는 어절의 범위를 제한하여, 원하지 않는 분석 결과를 줄일 수 있다. 한국어는 기본 문장 구조가 그대로 사용되기보다는 하나 이상의 수의 요소들이 첨가되어 보다 긴 문장 구조로 사용되는 경우가 많기 때문에, 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 시스템 전체의 성능 및 효율을 크게 향상시킬 수 있다. 실험에서는 파싱의 첫 번째 단계에서 지역 의존관계 규칙을 사용하였을 경우 사용하지 않았을 때에 비해서 의존관계의 수가 평균 69% 정도로 줄어들었다.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 1996

A simple nonlinear programming(NLP) formulation for the optimal topology problem of structures is developed and examined. The NLP formulation is general, and can handle arbitrary objective functions and arbitrary stress, displacement constraints under multiple loading conditions. The formulation is based on simultaneous analysis and design approach to avoid stiffness matrix singularity resulting from zero sizing variables. By embedding the equilibrium equations as equality constraints in the nonlinear programming problem, we avoid constructing and factoring a system stiffness matrix, and hence avoid its singularity. The examples demonstrate that the formulation is effective for finding an optimal solution, and shown to be robust under a variety of constraints.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.3113-3118
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• 2000

A framework proposed in this paper includes representations of multi-objectives rule-basd constraint satisfaction problem(RCSP) and especially, flexible structure of RCSP which provides adequate solution sithin an expectation time and adaptively considers some change of constratraints on the RCSP. In this study, the power system implemented by above framework is entirely programmed by using a modeling system for the quantitative model and a rule-based constraint programming tool for the qualitative model. The results of an exemplary cse show how the structure that involves the problem representation gives the scheduler an effective decision and what are the advantages of the easy and diverse representation for considering the techmical characteristics of the units on the RCSP over the traditional problem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.76-89
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• 2023

One of the technologies in urban agriculture, hydroponics cultivation, has primarily focused on technological development, resulting in a lack of research on urban agriculture's cultural utilization aspects, encompassing cultural values associated with urban residents' leisure activities. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the participation constraints perceived by school community members when implementing urban farming activities using hydroponics and understand the structural relationships between the variables that influence decision-making from the perspective of leisure activities in urban farming. As a result, participation constraints in urban farming activities utilizing hydroponics were first categorized into intrinsic, interpersonal, and structural factors. Second, the results of hypothesis model verification showed that interpersonal constraints significantly influenced the participants' willingness to participate and their expected behavior. This study found the multidimensional perceptions of school community members regarding hydroponic urban farming conducted in urban spaces, particularly rooftops, and revealed the influence of decision-making factors on participation when conducting urban farming activities using hydroponic cultivation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.445-454
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the financial structure of pharmaceutical companies on R&D investment. 358 pharmaceutical firms listed in the KOSDAQ market from 2000 to 2012. Financial statements and comments in general and internal transactions were extracted from TS-2000 of the Korea Listed Company Association (KLCA), and data related to stock price was extracted from KISVALUE-III of NICE Information Service Co., Ltd. STATA 12.0 was used as the statistical package for panel analysis. The summary of the findings and the interpretation of the significance of this are as follows: First, the shareholding ratio of major shareholders and foreigners had a positive influence on R&D investment. Second, the ratio of outside directors had a negative influence on R&D investment. Third, the shareholding ratio of institutional investors did not have a significant influence on R&D investment.