• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.584-590
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• 2012

Dried $Compositae$ flowers have traditionally been used for the treatment of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress in Korea. This paper investigates the effects of $Compositae$ extracts on the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer AGS cells, human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, and SK-BR-3 cells. The proliferation of AGS cells, MDA-MB-231 cells, and SK-BR-3 cells were determined by MTT assay. Several $Compositae$ extracts inhibited proliferation of AGS cells, MDA-MB-231 cells, and SK-BR-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. To assess the apoptosis of $Compositae$ extracts, the nuclei of MDA-MB-231 cells were stained with DAPI. The presence of chromatin condensation in the $Compositae$ extract-treated cells was detected on a fluorescent microscope (${\times}200$). We conducted Western blot analysis of changes in Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 protein expression levels. Apoptosis by $Chrysanthemum$ $zawadskii$ subsp. coreanum, $Chrysanthemum$ $zawadskii$ var. $tenuisectum$ and $Rudbeckia$ $laciniata$ var. $hortensis$ treatment created a decrease in Bcl-2 expression, whereas the expression of Bax and p53 were increased. These results indicate that $Chrysanthemum$ $zawadskii$ $subsp.$ $coreanum$, $Chrysanthemum$ $zawadskii$ var. $tenuisectum$ and $Rudbeckia$ $laciniata$ var. $hortensis$ inhibit breast cancer cell growth through the induction of apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1414-1421
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• 2016

This study was designed to determine optimal extraction conditions of Chrysanthemum zawadskii (CZ) with high yield of bioactive compounds (linarin, polyphenols, and flavonoids) and improved in vitro activities. Ethanol extracts were examined at different concentrations (0, 30, 50, 70, and 95%) and temperatures (50 and $70^{\circ}C$). The recommended extraction conditions were 50% ethanol at $70^{\circ}C$ for 4 h, which gave the highest yield of linarin, polyphenols, and flavonoids. This extract appeared to have the greatest ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities (87.81% and 51.42% at $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase (74.59%) and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities (90.44%). As contents of linarin increased, antioxidative activity, inhibitory effects of carbohydrates and lipid absorption of CZ extracts increased as well. From these results, CZ extracts can be used in functional food industries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1411-1417
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanol extracts from 6 plants which were Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herb. var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitamura (Gu-jeol-cho), Lavandula spica L. (Lavender), Rosmainus offcinals L. (Rosemary), Cymbopogon citrates (Lemongrass), Saussureae radix (Mok-hyang), Calendular officinalis L. (Calendular). Antioxidative effects of herbal extracts were measured by polyphenols, flavonoids contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. We also evaluated the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Methanol extracts from Gu-jeol-cho, lavender, rosemary and lemongrass showed high polyphenols contents as well as strong DPPH scavenging activity. In particular, rosemary extract contained highest polyphenol levels as $126.69{\pm}2.62{\mu}g/mg$ compared to other herbs. As for DPPH radical scavenging activities, $IC_{50}$ values of rosemary extracts were $6.23{\pm}0.58{\mu}g/mL$. The rosemary extracts also showed higher antibacterial effects against S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7. These results indicate that rosemary could be used as natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.51-51
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• 2019

고랭지(해발고도 400m 이상)는 전국 밭 면적의 24.7%을 차지하고 있고 경사도가 15도 이상인 지역이 58.7%인 41,812ha에 달한다. 고랭지 농업은 주로 해발고도가 높은 산지의 경사지에서 이루어지고 있고, 대부분 작물 재배기간이 5월부터 9월까지 약 5개월 정도로 짧아, 나머지 7개월은 토양 피복이 이루어지지 않은 상태로 있어 토양유실 가능성이 높다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 본 연구에서 경관성이 높은 구절초를 식재하여 토양유실 저감 효과를 구명하였다. 고랭지 경사도 55도 라이시미터(Lysimeter)에서 가로 1.2m에 세로 1.8m의 규격으로 시험을 수행하였다. 관행구로 나지(Control, TC) 대비 식재 당시 피복정도에 따라, 피복율 40%는 T1, 피복율 70%는 T2로 하여 총 3처리를 두었다. 구절초의 개화기(10월 1일) 피복율을 조사한 결과 대조구인 나지상태는 0%의 피복율인데 이에 반해 구절초 식재 처리구는 57~80%로 경사지 토양을 피복시키는 효과가 가장 높은 경향을 보였다. 경관작물인 구절초를 식재할 경우 나지 TC를 기준으로 유출량이 65~71%, 토양유실이 87~99% 감소되어 강우에 의한 토양유실 경감에 매우 효과적이었다. 또한, 유거수 탁도 저감 효과성이 뛰어났다. 따라서, 고랭지 경사지에 영년생 자원식물 중 경관성이 뛰어난 구절초를 식재함으로서 경사지 토양유실을 경감시킬 수 있고, 부가가치가 높은 고소득작물로 활용 가치가 높다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 2007

In order to develop a potent antidandruffy agent from medicinal plants, various extracts of medicinal plants and herbs were prepared and investigated its antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur. Among 85 kinds of the secondary screened medicinal plants and herbs, water extract of Chrysanthemum zawadskii had the highest antifungal activity against dandruffy-producing Malassezia furfur. The antifungal compound was also maximally extracted when the powder of Chrysanthemum zawadskii was treated with water at $50^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. The antifungal compound from Chrysanthemum zawadskii was partially purified by silica gel column chromatography and the partial purified compound was soluble at $70^{\circ}C$ for 20 min and pH $3.0{\sim}9.0$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2004

The effect of plant growth regulators and gelling agents for plant regeneration from leaf segment of Chrysanthemum zawadskii ssp. coreanum was investigated. NAA was more effective than BA for plant regeneration. MS medium supplemented with NAA 1 mg/L was the most effective in plant regeneration. The effect of agar and gelite as gelling agent was compared. Agar(0.8%) was more effective than gelite(0.2%) in plant regeneration. Regenerated shoots was successfully increased by shoot grafting in MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.1 mg/L in vitro, and hardened by shoot grafting in artificial soil mix(Peatmoss : Perlite = 1 : 1).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.220-223
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• 2011

Human basophilic KU812F cells express a high affinity for IgE receptor, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, which plays an important role in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic reactions. Using the human basophilic KU812F cells, we assessed the inhibitory effects of the ethanolic extract from Chrysanthemum zawadsaki(CZ) on $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}$ chain expression. Flow cytometric analysis showed that cell surface $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}$ chain expression was suppressed when the cells were cultured with CZ extract. RT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNAs for $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}$ chain decreased by the treatment of CZ extract. Moreover, CZ extract was also observed to result in a reduction in the release of histamine from anti-$Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ antibody (CRA-1)-stimulated cells. These results suggest that CZ extract may exert anti-allergic activity through down-regulation of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}$ chain expression and a subsequent decrease in histamine release.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.225-227
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• 2011

The stem rot of Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum occurred in the landscape field of Sanggwan-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, Korea in September 2009. The typical symptoms of the disease were water-soaking and dark brown rot on the stem, wilting and blighting. Most infected plants died of the disease. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions and brown sclerotia were formed on stems and near soil surface. The sclerotia were spherical or irregular, 0.8-3.5 (mean 1.8) mm in size on potato dextrose agar, brown in color. The optimal temperature range of hyphal growth was $25-30^{\circ}C$ and the hyphal diameter was 4-9 ${\mu}m$. Clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on potato dextrose agar. Pathogenicity of the casual organism was provided on C. zawadskii according to Koch's postulate. The fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii on the basis of mycologiclal characteristics and pathogenicity test to host plants. This is the first report on the stem rot of C. zawadskii caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1685-1690
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the effect of C. zawadskii extract on nitric oxide (NO) production, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, protein and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. C. zawadskii extract (5~50 μg/mL) significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a concentration-dependent manner ranging from 23.3% to 100%. Consistent with the inhibitory effect on NO production, C. zawadskii extract inhibited the protein expression and mRNA expression of iNOS. Although flower extracts of C. zawadskii was not effective on the expression of PGE2 and COX-2, flower extracts of C. zawadskii, however, showed a strong anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of NO production and iNOS expression. The present results suggest that C. zawadskii extract has an inhibitory effect on NO production, and thus can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.805-809
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to compare the aroma characteristics and antioxidant activity of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne (CIL), C. morifolium Ramat (CMR) and C. zawadskii var Latilobum (CZL). The volatile compounds were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation extraction and identified with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. The major volatile compounds of Chrysanthemum sp. were camphene, 1,8-cineole, benzene, pinocarvone, bicyclo-2,2,1-heptan-2-ol, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, 3-cyclohexen-1-ol, ${\gamma}$-curcumene, zingiberene and ${\beta}$-bisabolene. The DPPH radical scavenging activity (EDA, %) of volatile compounds in CIL, CMR and CZL were 30.57, 46.36, and 51.72%/g sample, respectively. The ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) of volatile compounds were 34.99, 35.31, and 38.48 mg AEAC/g, respectively.