• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.151-159
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• 1999

종교 공간으로서의 교회 건축물은 각 지역 단체생활의 정신적, 물질적으로 다양한 활동을 공급하고 있는 장소이다. 그러나 오늘날 변화무쌍한 현대 사회의 도심 교회들은 그 참여수가 점차 줄고 있는 젊은 세대들에게 충분한 만족을 주고 있지 못한 실정이다. 대부분의 영국 도심 교회가 변화가 어려운 예배당 공간 하나로, 각기 다른 기능을 요구하는 이용자들에게 다기능 공간을 공급하고 있으며, 과거에 잠재적 기능을 고려하지 않고 디자인된 대부분의 한국 도심교회들도 비슷한 조건의 문제 발생으로, 현 이용자들에게 또 다른 요구사항들과 불편함을 주고 있다. 이것은 이용자가 공간을 사용함으로 즐거움과 감흥을 얻기가 어렵게 구성되어 있음을 보여주고 있다. 오늘날, 젊은이들의 생활 패턴이 바뀌어 가고 있음으로 그 실태는 더욱 심각하게 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 먼저 도심교회 공간의 전형적인 문제점과, 연령별 이용자 그룹의 우선권을 조사하고, 각기 다른 조건의 종교적 공간 사례 조사를 통해 이용자들 및 공간 디자인의 요구사항을 분석하고 있다. 이어서, 각 공간에 따른 문제 해결 방법을 성공적 공간디자인 사례자료를 토대로 정리한 후, 어떠한 종교적 공간에서도 적용 가능하도록 통합적으로 설정된 디자인목표를 바탕으로, 세가지 다른 방법의 계획서들을 제시하고 있다. 마지막으로, 이용자들의 응답을 통해 계획서를 평가하여, 그것에 근거한 결론적인 종합적 디자인 계획서를 제안하고 있다. 본 연구는 교회가 필요로 하는 기능에 따라 변화가 가능한 예배공간을 활용할 수 있는 디자인을 제시하는 데에 그 목적을 두고 있으며, 기존의 교회건물이 더욱 더 많이 사용자의 요구에 만족할 수 있도록 만들어질 수 있는가에 대한 방향이 제시되고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.255-262
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• 2018

In order to determine the three-dimensional position in photogrammetry, a spatial resection is a pre-requisite step to determine exterior orientation parameters. The existing spatial resection method is a non-linear equation that requires initial values of exterior orientation parameters and has a problem that a gimbal lock phenomenon may occur. On the other hand, the spatial resection using quaternion is a closed form solution that does not require initial values of EOP (Exterior Orientation Parameters) and is a method that can eliminate the problem of gimbal lock. In this study, to analyze the stability of the quaternion-based spatial resection, the exterior orientation parameters were determined according to the different layout of control points and were compared with the determined values using existing non-linear equation. As a result, it can be seen that the quaternionbased spatial resection is affected by the layout of the control points. Therefore, if the initial value of exterior orientation parameters could not be obtained, it would be more effective to estimate the initial exterior orientation values using the quaternion-based spatial resection and apply it to the collinearity equation-based spatial resection method.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.62
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• pp.313-334
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• 2020

As an element of education, the educational space cannot be separated from the purpose of education. The place of education is not only the passage to deliver actual curriculum, but also the purpose itself that can be accomplished through educational content. That is because the purpose of education cannot be achieved only with instructors, students, curriculum, and methods, but requires a change in the perception of the educational space that represents the goal and the place where it all can be implemented. Nevertheless, the problem that lies with educational space is easy to be overlooked and it has been rather considered as an issue related to the finances or scale of the church. The church educational space gives birth to faith and growth, where spiritual development and experience may occur. However, the reality follows the drawbacks of conventional school classroom arrangements and structures. In addition, even if the church educational space can be arranged according to the needs of its students, it cannot deviate much from the standard uniform format. In particular, the basic environment of church educational space is similar to that of standard school system in terms of arrangement of furniture such as chairs, desks, and its physical structure. As the school system was originally designed and tailored for the purpose of delivering knowledge and standardization, the space for church education must stay away from it. Humans are born and die in a space, where encounter with God also happens. Also, communication with God causes spacial conversion to humans, changing the place of their visitation. So the church educational space must be more meticulously designed and comprehensive than that of school which pursues physical, educational, psychological, social, and artistic purposes because the church educational space pursues the liturgical elements, as well. Therefore, the Christian learning environmental arrangements must seek liturgical elements, which is the major Christian value, by placing Christian artwork or symbols for church visitors. So in this research, I want to stress the role of Christian educational space for spiritual growth and pursue intrinsic and extrinsic changes in learning environment, leading to a greater awareness of the Christian educational space.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2003

Modem church architecture in korea have many problems in the shape and composition of space and design method. Many church were built without consideration of the identity of the christian religion. The characters of Ando Tadao's church architecture are using the transition space, light and the symbol. The transition space similar to the approach process using in asian temple. It make a meditative space for the church during approach to the chapel. Ando Tadao make meditative space by using self-support wall. In here, Self-supporting wall devide space as the holly space and the common space. Light is very important element in church architecture. He introduce light and shadow in the chapel more significant element. Light and shadow make the space with very dignity. Also, Ando Tadao use symbol as important element. It make the identity of christian religion. He make that as a part of structure. The well-controled symbols change the simple space to more religious place.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.66
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• pp.273-307
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the inner perceptions and dilemmas of young people about the church. To achieve the purpose of the study, this study sampled the research subjects, and conducted in-depth interviews and FGI. The sample in this study was 21 young adults who met the study criteria. Some of these people are not currently attending church or have thought of moving to another church. In this study, research was conducted based on the analysis procedure of Riessman (1993). Focusing on the procedures of 'telling,' 'recording,' and 'analyzing,' the experience and life situation of the study participants are to be grasped. Through this process, we analyzed the situation and context of why young people leave the church. It consisted of 5 areas and 15 sub-themes. Based on the research results, it was found that young adults need a church and are looking for a church. The church is a mystical space, but from an pedagogical point of view, the church is a space for teaching and learning faith. As experts in theology and education, the minister must create a space so that the church can become a space of transcendence, a space of intimacy, a space of understanding, a space of change, a space of service, and a space of reflection.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.71
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• pp.241-276
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• 2022

Due to the 4th industrial revolution, which started with the Smart Revolution in the early 21st century, Hyper-Connectivity, Hyper-Convergence and Hyper-Intelligence of our society is accelerating. These changes induced formation of Metaverse as a fused new space that crosses the perimeter of the physical space and virtual(digital) spaces beyond time and place. The characteristics of Metaverse are continuously spread by engaging with the characteristics of the MZ generation, which collects both Millennial generation (M Generation) and Z Generation. With outburst of Covid-19 pandemic, a variety of attempts have been made to utilize Metaverse, even in church education when it was impossible to worship directly. In other words, the usefulness of the Metaverse was confirmed as a new community space of the education of the church. In addition, Metaverse may provide a substantial, experiential and evolving space for church education. However, in order for church education to further develop, the development in the method of education is also required to move beyond mere concept of space. In particular, when the learner-centered education method, one of the common characteristics of the Metaverse and MZ generation, it is thought that the church education in the Metaverse era will be able to go in a more evolving direction.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.173-182
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• 2006

In church building, the worship space performing practical rituals and making a place of friendship and education has a role to accept the changing services with the times. And it is also distinguishable from the chaotic surroundings and is the space for religious experience of christian identity we cannot experience in our daily life. Therefore it is very important to investigate its characteristic as the space for religious experience. The important purpose of church building is to make up a worship space, and the chancel in worship space is said to be the core in church building, the center of all worship acts. Especially, today with the tendency of multi-functionalizing and opening in worship space, the chancel in worship space has a more special meaning as spatial, functional and symbolic center. The purpose of this study, with the worship space in domestic protestant churches, is to make up basic data for the worship space plan and interiordesign in church building by analyzing the characteristics of interior design for chancel, the core field of worship space. This study has researched the constituentcharacteristics of interior design for the chancel in worship space in domestic protestant churches in 10 years from 1995 to 2004. And found the worship space opening and multi-functionalizing with the changing times. From now on, the study on interior design for creative worship space should be researched positively for the purpose of expressing the christian identity and the opening and muti-functions, on the basis of christian theology.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.125-134
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• 2005

The Main hall of the contemporary church has been used ineffectively. Therefore the purpose of this study is to search various ways of using this space of the contemporary church, which was restricted only to worshiping purposes, and to propose this idea to the local community. This research is based on the modern theology which insists on the responsibility of the church in its local community. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. The subjects of this study were 360 pastors, members of churches and local residents. The interviews were carried out from october 8th. 2003. to March 29n0. 2004. The results are as follows: 1) pastors, members of churches and local residents are for the relationship between church and community. 2) Multi-functional plans of spaces in main hall are recommended to provide cultural activities such as concerts, plays, funerals and marriage ceremonies, etc. 3) In building or reconstructing a church, functions for community service and programs to maximize the use of church facilities must be considered in the plans.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.229-235
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• 2018

The Hanok church is an important cultural heritage that can be considered from a religious point of view of life in the modern age in Korea. We will investigate the bounadaries of the Hanok church built in modern age and the characteristics of Hanok architectural. To do so, we have conducted field trips, interviews, and repair reports of the Gimje Geumsan Church in the Jeollabuk province. The Geumsan Church is present, and the architectural characteristics can be confirmed in detail. In addition, Yugwang School, which was responsible for the education function, was able to guess the location and size through the data. As a result, the boundaries of Geumsan Church is the present fence, the west side has the building, and the east side has the playground. The Geumsan Church's flat form was divided into male and female according to the space configuration of ㄱ-shaped reflecting Confucian thought of the time. And it seems that the Yugwang school was located in the entrance part of the modern church with a two-frame scale, which is suitable for lecture.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.491-494
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• 2002

우리나라의 교회는 점점 신도수가 늘어나면서 점차 대형화되어가고 있으며 많은 첨단 설비를 갖추고자 하는 교회도 적지 않다. 하지만, 교회설계에 있어서, 대체로 그 형태와 규모만 중요시될 뿐, 그 기능에 적합한 건축물을 짓는데 소홀해 왔던 것이 사실이다. 교회의 예배공간에서 이루어지는 음향적인 매개체는 찬양과 설교인데, 이 두가지의 물리적 특성이 다르기 때문에 교회건축에 있어 실내음향은 어려운 과제라고 할 수 있다. 즉, 성가는 긴 잔향시간과 음의 따뜻함(Warmth)과 친밀감(Intimacy)등이 중시되는 반면, 설교는 소리의 명료도, 요해도(intelligibility) 등이 중시되는 등 그 음향적인 특성이 달라, 각기 다른 음환경을 요구하기 때문에 강당이나 음악당보다 교회음향이 건축적으로 난점이 있다고 하겠다. 본 연구는 최근에 시뮬레이션을 통해 음향설계를 실시한 규모가 각기 다른 예배실의 제원과 음향성능을 조사하고 그 특성을 비교, 분석하여 일반적인 음향성능을 개선하기 위한 방안을 모색하여 교회 음향설계단계에 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 예배실의 규모에 따라 5개의 교회를 선정하였으며 시뮬레이션을 통해 얻어낸 각 교회의 성가시, 설교시 실내음향인자값(SPL, RT, C80, RASTI)과 마감재료 등을 조사하고, 비교하였다. 대체로 규모가 큰 교회에서 음압레벨이 작게 나타났고, 잔향시간도 실의 체적이 클수록 크게 나타났지만 마감재료와 형태에 따라 차이를 보였다. 또, 대형교회의 음향적 결함을 보완하기 위해서는 건축의 형태, 재료는 물론, 전기음향설비의 보강이 중요하다고 하겠다.