• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.79-88
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore which factors should be considered mainly in operating hybrid learning in which offline and synchronous online environments are integrated in elementary education. Using qualitative data through interview and so on for 8 elementary school teachers with experience in operating hybrid learning, major consideration factors were identified. Before class, it is necessary to increase the level of understanding through concrete guidance or education for what the characteristics of hybrid learning are. The redesign of the environment including hardware and software technology is considered because the foundation was not established properly so that effective operation was difficult. In particular, based on the simultaneity and interactivity between the environments, activities which learners can connect and participate in the two environments should be considered. Further, design strategies to guide the operation of teaching and learning will be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.115-126
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• 2018

A new urban paradigm that moves from a vehicle-centric to pedestrian-centric culture should be considered to improve the quality of the pedestrian environments for women, children, senior citizens, and disabled persons as well as to promote community unification by providing general movement rights to everyone. This study was implemented to provide decent alternatives to improve street spaces. The street spaces around the Commercial and Residential Area No.1 located in the Administrative-Centered City, Sejong Special Autonomic City, were selected to analyze and define the status of the walkways and the street spaces. Satellite imagery and numerical maps were used to collect geographic data. Practical and actual surveys for the selected sites were performed to analyze the street status and the pedestrian status. Based on the all collected data, analysis results, and literature reviews, the questionnaire was made, and 315 inquiries qualified for analysis. The physical status of all four study sites was the highest level, Grade A, and green open spaces were relatively sufficient. As a result, the factors obtained from the factor analysis have an impact on the satisfaction of the pedestrian streets in the commercial area. The factors are as followed Design > Convenience > Roadside trees and rest areas > Safety > Safety protective facilities > Transportation and information facilities > Continuity > Basic state of road surfaces > Comfortability, and in the residential area: Transportation and information facilities > Basic state of road surfaces > Comfort > Convenience > Continuity > Design > Illumination and crime prevention facilities > Safety > Roadside trees and rest areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.75-87
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• 2004

Along the seashore regions in Korea, though strong winds with very large strength are frequently witnessed, no system which can provide appropriate speed information for driving vehicle has been introduced. The driving against strong winds could be very dangerous because of the high possibility of accidents such as rollover and collision. These accidents usually resulted from driver's forced driving try even in difficult situation for steering vehicle, and sometimes overspeed without consideration of wind impact to the vehicles. To reduce accident caused by strong winds, it is important to inform drivers of appropriate driving speeds by perceiving strong winds. By setting up WIS at the main points where strong winds frequently appear and using the variable message sign(VMS) connected to the on-line whether information system, it tis possible to provide desired speed information, which can maintain vehicles' tractive force and maximum running resistance. The case study is conducted on the case of Mokpo-Big-Bridge, which is under construction at Mokpo city. The result show that in case the annual average direction of wind is South and the wind speed is over 8m/hr, the desired speed, which is required in order for vehicles running to South direction to maintain the marginal driving power, is 60km/hr. In addition, for the case of a typhoon such as Memi generated in 2003 year, if wind speed had been 18m/sec in Mokpo city at that time, the running resistance at the speed of 40km/hr is calculated as 1131N. This resistance can not be overcome at the 4th gear(1054N) level, therefore, the gear of vehicles should be reduced down to the 3rd level. In this case, the appropriate speed is 40km/h, and at this point the biggest difference between running resistance and tractive force is generated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.292-294
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• 2018

Recently, damage caused by natural disasters such as fire, earthquake, heavy rains and heavy snow is increasing. In addition, traffic accidents due to freezing, fog and fire in tunnels and bridges are frequently occurring. In such a disaster situation, it is very important to take prompt action by the person in charge of managing the facility and area.To this end, a disaster broadcasting system is used, but in the existing system, the broadcasting room and the speaker are connected by a wired connection. Also, the person in charge has to be in the broadcasting room to broadcast, which has a problem of delaying the time. In this paper, we design a disaster broadcasting system using LTE modem. The designed system enables a broadcasting person to make a call to a broadcasting system from anywhere using a cellular phone and a public telephone. Broadcasting via telephone is possible only with the telephone number pre-registered in the system and can be registered / deleted by the administrator. The registered telephone number, incoming voice file, and announcement voice for automatic broadcasting are stored in the system internal SD memory for convenient management. This disaster broadcasting system is expected to contribute to quick and convenient disaster broadcasting.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2023

This study conducted an effect evaluation before and after the installation of a vehicle information guidance system that provides drivers with information about vehicle speed and the presence or absence of pedestrians near pedestrian crossings. There are three types of scenarios: when no information is provided to the driver (S1), when only the vehicle driving speed is provided (S2), and when pedestrians are present on the pedestrian crossing and when both vehicle driving speeds are provided (S3). did. As a result of the survey, the speed reduction rate of the vehicle was found to be about 0.4~0.7km greater in S2 and S3 that provide information to the driver than in scenario S1. In addition, in the scenario S3, the speed reduction rate is 0.2km higher than that in the case where there are pedestrians near the pedestrian crossing, which further reduces the vehicle speed. Statistical analysis also showed that there was a difference in the speed reduction rate of the average vehicle for the three scenarios, and that the speed reduction rate was large in the presence of pedestrians.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.116-126
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• 2016

In this study, lane-wise traffic flow characteristics were analysed on uninterrupted flow using a new notion of "lane-wise travel speed reversal (LTSR)" which is defined as a phenomena that travel speed in the median lane is lower than other lanes. Mathematical formulation was also proposed to calculate the strength of LTSR. The experiment road site is Seoul Outer Ring Expressway (Jayuro-IC~Jangsoo-IC), and travel trajectories for each four lane were collected for weekdays (Mon. through Fri.) during morning peak. Comparing lane-wise travel speeds for entire test road section, no LTSR was observed, meaning that the travel speed in the median lane is the fastest, followed by 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lane as in order. Howerver, the result of microscopic analysis using 100-meter discrete road section based data shows that LTSR occurs many times. Especially the strength of LTSR is higher in congestion area and freeway merge and diverge segment. It is expected that these results could be used as a fundamental data when establishing lane-by-lane traffic operation strategy and developing lane-wise traffic information collection and dissemination technology.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1115-1122
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• 2013

Recently the demands for traffic information tend to increase, and travel time might one of the most important traffic information. To effectively estimate exact travel time, highly reliable traffic data collection is required. BIS(Bus Information System) data would be useful for the estimation of the route travel time because BIS is collecting data for the bus travel time on the main road of the city on real-time basis. Traditionally use of BIS data has been limited to the realm of bus operating but it has not been used for a variety of traffic categories. Therefore, this study estimates a route travel time on road networks in urban areas on the basis of real-time data of BIS and then eventually constructs regression models. These models use an explanatory variable that corresponds to bus travel time excluding service time at the bus stop. The results show that the coefficient of determination for the constructed regression model is more than 0.950. As a result of T-test performance with assistance from collected data and estimated model values, it is likely that the model is statistically significant with a confidence level of 95%. It is generally found that the estimation for the exact travel time on real-time basis is plausible if the BIS data is used.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2020

The city of Suwon has introduced a dockless bike for the first time in Korea. In this study, a questionnaire was conducted for citizens to suggest improvement through satisfaction analysis. As a result of the survey, 88 % of respondents awarded the presence of a bike, and 90 % answered positively in terms of bike policy; whereas mature civic ethics showed an low satisfaction. For the purpose of usage, approximately 75 % of users mainly used for commuting, business, shopping, and the connection with mass transit. In the result of the primary means of a trip, a private car was most preferred before operation; However, it was found that mode transition has been actively carried out. This suggests significant implications for implementing sustainable urbanism. Meanwhile, The level of satisfaction significantly differed in the field of payment method, charge, usage guidance and publicity by an occupation and age groups commonly. Satisfaction in bike maintenance was statistically differed by an occupation. Satisfaction in Rental-return and registration procedures showed differences by an age groups. The results of this study will contribute to establishment related policies and to more activate dockless shared bike.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.117-132
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• 2021

Due to the terrain in Korea, there are many road sections passing through mountainous areas. During the winter, there is a higher risk of traffic accidents, due to black ice caused by the lack of sunlight. Despite domestic road freezing safety measures, accidents caused by road freezing results in severe traffic accidents. Under these considerations, this study analyzed whether traffic safety signs that change in response to the external temperature help drivers recognize frozen road segments. The study was conducted through analysis of the effect of the signs on a driver's perspective. For the signs under development, out of the signs designed by experts, the sign design which received the highest visibility and effectiveness evaluation ratings from the general public was selected. The sign was implemented through Virtual Reality (VR) and installed on the right side of the road to analyze the effect on gazing and driving behavior. As a result of analyzing the driver's driving behavior, a speed reduction of about 7km/h or more was found in the sign section. Therefore, It was found that the existence of the sign had a strong relationship with the rate of the drivers' speed reduction.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.84-99
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• 2021

As the micro-mobility market grows, the demand for route guidance, that includes uphill information as well, is increasing. Since the climbing angle depends on the electric motor uesed, it is necessary to establish an uphill road DB according to the threshold standard. Although road alignment information is a very important element in the basic information of the roads, there is no information currently on the longitudinal slope in the road digital map. The High Definition(HD) map which is being built as a preparation for the era of autonomous vehicles has the altitude value, unlike the existing standard node link system. However, the HD map is very insufficient because it has the altitude value only for some sections of the road network. This paper, hence, intends to propose a method to generate the road longitudinal slope using currently available data. We developed a method of computing the longitudinal slope by combining the digital elevation model and the standard link system. After creating an altitude at the road link point divided by 4m based on the Seoul road network, we calculated individual slope per unit distance of the road. After designating a representative slope for each road link, we have extracted the very steep road that cannot be climbed with personal mobility and the slippery roads that cannot be used during heavy snowfall. We additionally described errors in the altitude values due to surrounding terrain and the issues related to the slope calculation method. In the future, we expect that the road longitudinal slope information will be used as basic data that can be used for various convergence analyses.