• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.45
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• pp.113-150
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• 2009

Attempts to relax cross-media ownership have been made by conservative Party and leading dailies. A concern with the cross-ownership of media is predominant in media and political spheres. This article is about the media market concentration created by cross-media ownership. This essay is a response to the demand of the ruling camp that attempts to concentrate on media market, and to increase their influence. I have outlined issues of cross ownership. The finding of this research supported the rationale of ban on cross ownership of newspaper and broadcasting outlet.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.56
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• pp.71-85
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• 2011

This thesis reviews the process in which the regulation systems against ownership concentration of newspapers established with the opportunity of legislation of the periodical act in 1987 was reinforced as they were all amended to the newspaper act in 2005 and as they were again amended in 2009 it came to confront crisis in the aspect of press law legislation history. The regulation systems against ownership concentration of newspapers established based on the principle of legality of newspaper function in the Clause 3, the Article 21 of Constitution was reinforced as the newspaper act in 2005 and in 2006 they began to shrink following the Constitution Court decision against newspaper act. As newspaper act and broadcast act are revised in 2009, regulation against combining the management of newspapers with broadcast and regulation against owning multiple number of newspapers came not to exist. Because in this process, the opposition party also allowed limited cross-ownership of newspaper and broadcast, it can be said that the system of newspaper ownership regulation confronted the crisis of dissolution. The instruction of regulation alleviation in a short period of time in spite of the fact that regulation alleviation which allows cross-ownership of newspaper and broadcast is the matter of policy that should be decided after long-term review of the change of media environment and the progress of the power of domination of public opinion is dangerous. Newspapers are strong media with terrestrial broadcast in formation of public opinion on politics. It's because it is difficult to ignore the worry that the power of domination of public opinion of the newspapers which are in oligopoly of newspaper public opinion market can be spreaded to the territory of report broadcast. From the point of view that there is probability for democracy to be ultimately threatened due to the shrink of political Darwinism caused by concentration of media ownership, the alleviation of ownership concentration of newspapers should have premise of long-term social discussion.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.511-555
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• 2009

Media-related regulations can be classified into two categories; regulations of individual media contents and regulations regarding the entry to and withdrawal from a certain field. In this dissertation, ownership regulations are regarded as legal and political measures so as to prevent the monopoly and oligopoly of public opinion, and to secure its diversity. Every country has its own regulation model according to its particular media environment. Korea too is obliged to actively respond to its environmental changes, at the same time vitalizing the media industry and protecting consumers' rights and interests. Strong political intentions to protect the public interest is necessary when it comes to media regulation policies, especially in the circumstances that public interest is an industrial priority. As the convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications is leading to a major shift in the media industry, the regulation of cross-media ownership is an issue involving potential conflicts among media-owners, non-governmental organizations and the authorities concerned, depending on their various viewpoints regarding the media industry. In this paper, an attempt was made to search necessity of redefining 'public interest', which is the logic behind the restriction of cross-media ownership, and to reconceptualize issues on the centralization and diversity of media. First, an examination of the actual conditions of newspaper companies was carried out in order to reinvestigate domestic cross-media ownership issues, which is represented by the cross-ownership issue of newspapers and broadcasting stations. Next, the dilemma of policies stimulated by the fusion of media was discussed based on cross-media ownership restrictions, and the need for efficient conflict control was suggested. Finally, proposals on the independency and public confidence of media-related policy-making authorities, the rationalization of regulation models, an itemized discussion on cross-media ownership regulation issues, the elaboration of measures for a balanced development among media were made. It could be found that a number of foreign countries were still facing challenges to prevent monopoly and oligopoly of the public opinion and the industry. A solution to settle disagreements about the dilemma of the media industry, including the cross-media ownership regulation issues, must be arranged on the grounds of 'mutual respect of public interest and industrial interest', In Korea, an ease on the ownership regulations adapting to the change in the media industry may be considered, however the softening of the cross-media ownership regulations must be approached with the utmost care. Paradoxically Relieving cross-media ownership regulations may be considered the foundation of a richer field of journalism, where there is no need for concern over the monopoly and oligopoly of public opinion.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.57
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• pp.31-48
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• 1999

본 연구는 1963년 천연기념물로 지정된 성류굴 주변의 관광상업지역 특성을 조사하여 관광지의 조성이 관광상업지역의 발전에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는가를 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구를 위한 설문조사는 1998년 8월 29일에 관광상업지역 내의 전 상점을 대상으로 하여 이루어졌으며, 그 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 관광상업지역에는 10년 이상 된 업체가 절반 이상(52.6%)의 비중을 차지하고 있으며, 상점의 경영 동기는 관광객을 대상으로 하기 때문에 수익성이 좋을 것 같아서 개업한 경우가 많았고(57.9%), 경영주의 전직은 상업(31.6%)과 농업(26.3%)이 많았으며, 상점의 규모는 10평 미만의 상점을 운영하는 상점들이 많았으며, 20평 이상의 상점을 경영하는 경우는 개업한 지 10년 이상 된 장기 경영자들이 주류를 이루었다. 둘째, 경영주의 학력을 조사한 결과 고졸 출신들이 가장 많았고(52.6%), 현재의 업종을 구분한 결과 기념품점과 식당이 주류를 이루고 있었다. 또한 업종 변경을 고려하고 있는 가라는 질문에는 절반 이상(52.6%)이 고려하지 않고 있으며, 변경을 고려하는 경우에도 식당을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 상점의 소유 형태를 살펴본 결과 임대하여 운영하는 경우(63.2%)가 더 많음을 알 수 있었고, 한편 개업연도와 소유 및 임대별 상황과 직주 분리 현황을 교차 비교한 결과 상점을 소유하고 있는 경영주보다 임대하고 있는 경영주가 직주분리를 더 선호하고 있다. 마지막으로 관광객들의 관광상품에 대한 불만 정도를 조사한 결과 대부분의 상점(78.9%)이 불만을 듣지 않고 있다. 이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이 최근 들어 강원도의 신흥 동굴관광지 조성으로 인해 관광객들이 감소하고 있으며, 이것은 성류굴 주변의 관광상업지역에도 영향을 미쳐 관광상업지역의 발전에 저해요소가 되고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.56
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• pp.26-47
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• 2011

Commercialism of journalism adheres to short-term profit, and the decrease in quality. Commercialization means the process that is deepened low quality of journalism. It is for a purpose and a means to have been transposed. The mid term of 1990's, deregulation of media and commercialism of journalism were gaining power in the developed countries. Korea has come to the similar condition which is most laws of press and broadcasting are deregulated. There is also concern to the commercialization of journalism in Korea. Four broadcasting channels (cross-ownership media) enter in media market, and a huge change is expected. It is for concern regarding commercialization of journalism not to stop to a baseless anxiety. In order to consider more deeply the problems of commercialism, I have approached instances of the art world and the developed countries. Through this, I declared the importance of ethics of journalists.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.478-490
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• 2007

With groundwater data of seawater intrusion monitoring network in coastal areas of Korea's main land, we analyzed types of seawater intrusion through the coastal aquifer. The data including groundwater level, temperature and electrical conductivity obtained from 45 monitoring wells at 25 watershed regions were evaluated. Based on statistical analysis, correlation analysis and variation type analysis, groundwater levels were mainly affected by rainfall and artificial pumping. About 78% of the monitoring wells showed average temperature higher than $15^{\circ}C$ and about 58% of them showed minimum variations less than $0.2^{\circ}C$. Electrical conductivities showed a large magnitude of variation and irregular characteristics compared with groundwater levels and temperatures. Average electrical conductivities lower than $2,000\;{\mu}S/cm$ were observed at 28 monitoring wells while those of higher than $10,000\;{\mu}S/cm$ were done at 9 monitoring wells. From the cross-correlation analysis, groundwater levels were mostly affected by precipitation while temperature and electrical conductivity showed very low correlation. Meanwhile tidal variations strongly affected the groundwater levels comparing to precipitation. We classified the long-term monitoring data according to variation types such as constant process, linear trend, cyclic variation, impulse, step function and ramp. Impulse type was dominant for variations of groundwater level, which was largely affected by rainfall or artificial pumping, the constant process was dominant for temperature. Compared with groundwater level and temperature, electrical conductivities showed various types like linear trend, step function and ramp. According to the discrepancy of variation characteristics for monitoring data at each well in the same region, periodical analysis of monitoring data is essentially required.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.921-932
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• 2013

Runoff data availability is a substantial factor for precise flood control such as flood frequency or flood forecasting. However, runoff depths and/or peak discharges for small watersheds are rarely measured which are necessary components for hydrological analysis. To compensate for this discrepancy, a lumped concept such as a Storage Function Method (SFM) was applied for the partitioned Choongju Dam Watershed in Korea. This area was divided into 22 small watersheds for measuring the capability of spatial extension of runoff data. The chosen total number of flood events for searching parameters of SFM was 21 from 1991 to 2009. The parameters for 22 small watersheds consist of physical property based (storage coefficient: k, storage exponent: p, lag time: $T_l$) and flood event based parameters (primary runoff ratio: $f_1$, saturated rainfall: $R_{sa}$). Saturated rainfall and base flow from event based parameters were explored with respect to inflow at Choongju Dam while other parameters for each small watershed were fixed. When inflow of Choongju Dam was optimized, Youngchoon and Panwoon stations obtained average of Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were 0.67 and 0.52, respectively, which are in the satisfaction condition (NSE > 0.5) for model evaluation. This result is showing the possibility of spatial data extension using a lumped concept model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1765-1777
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 현재 국내의 서울시내에 거주하는 모터사이클을 타는 만20세 이상의 남성을 대상으로 모터사이클복에 대한 착용실태와 불만사항들을 조사하고 이를 연령별, 모터사이클 유형별로 비교 분석하여 착용감 및 안전성이 향상된 모터사이클복 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제시 하고자 하였다. 설문조사는 2002년 1월~3월까지 3개월간 총 400부를 배부한 후 회수하고, 이 중 262부를 분석자료로 사용하여 빈도 및 백분율, 평균 등의 기술 통계치를 얻어 전반적인 착용현황을 알아보고, 교차분석을 실시한 후 X$^2$-검증을 실시하여 연령별, 모터사이클 유형별, 운행경력 별로 통계적인 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 1. 모터사이클복의 착용실태 및 불만사항 전반에 관한 조사결과, 조사대상자는 20대~40대의 운행경력은 5년 이상인 전문 라이더들이 많았으며 모터사이클의 배기량은 400cc이상이 가장 높게 나타났고, 모터사이클 유형은 로드 바이크가 가장 높게 나타났고, 이용목적은 레져.취미용, 선호하는 모터사이클복 아이템별 소재는 원피스와 슬랙스의 경우에는 피혁소재가 쟈켓의 경우에는 텍스타일 소재가 높게 나타났다. 아이템별 소유는 쟈켓과 투피스가 높게 나타났고, 보호구가 필요하다고 생각되는 신체부위는 상의에서는 가슴과 팔꿈치, 하의에서는 무릎으로 나타났으며, 무릎보호대의 소유도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 모터사이클복 주된 착용목적은 '부상방지', 모터사이클복을 착용하지 않는 이유는 '움직이기가 불편해서' '가격이 비싸서' '여름철에 더워서'가 각각 높게 나타났다. 모터사이클복에 대한 불만족도에서 동작적합성과 사이즈에 대한 불만도가 높게 나타났고, 모터사이클복소재 및 내부 장착 보호장구의 경량화가 요구되었으며, 모터사이클 쟈켓의 치수부적합부위는 소매길이가 가장높게 나타났다. 2. 전체 응답자의 연령을 20대, 30대, 40대 이상으로 나누어 연령별 차이를 비교한 결과 각각의 문항에 대해서 모두 연령대별로 유의차가 인정되었다. 3. 모터사이클복 아이템별 선호소재 문항에서 원피스와 쟈켓에서 모터사이클 기종별 유의차가 나타났는데, 비즈니스 기종에 서는 텍스타일 소재를, 아메리칸크루져 기종에서는 피혁소재를 선호하였다. 로드바이크와 오프로드 기종에서는 원피스는 피혁소재를 선호하였고, 쟈켓은 텍스타일 소재를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.411-422
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• 2016

The Media Law including Newspaper Law, Broadcasting Law and Internet Multimedia Law has been reformed in 2009. The main purpose of the reform was to allow media firms to gain a global competitive edge by opening doors to more investments that were nonexistent due to regulatory barriers. Also it aimed to contribute to an increase of employment in the media industry. This paper analyzes the impact that the Media Law reform of 2009 had on many media/contents company's future value by tracking abnormal returns gained during the period of the reform. The analysis with the capital market data of fifteen firms over a one-year period provided evidence that the new law has had an effect on the related firms' future value; however, the impact was shown to not be as significant in the long-term. This study has the significance in that it showed that the impact of the reform was not overall to the industry but given to the limited number of media company and confirmed the relatively strong effect of the unexpected events.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.151-158
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of each type after categorizing the clothing lifestyle of 394 male office workers in their 30s and 50s. The data were analyzed with PASW 18.0 using frequency analysis, k-means cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and crosstabs analysis. According to findings, first of all, types of clothing lifestyle are divided into 4 groups: a type of fashion leader(22.3%), a type of price sensitive(12.2%), a type of fashion indifference(27.9%), a type of normcore fashion(37.6%). Secondly, the types of clothing lifestyle showed statistically significant difference age, marital status, job and monthly average household income of socio-economic variables. Thirdly, the types of clothing lifestyle showed statistically significant difference monthly average appearance care cost, suit count, monthly average clothing purchase cost, average purchase cost of one suit.