• The Mathematical Education
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.493-508
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the effects of learner-centered mathematical instruction perceived by middle school students such as discussion learning, self-directed learning, and cooperative learning on their math self-efficacy and engagement in mathematics class. Moreover, it attempts to verify if there are differences in the mean of latent variables and effect among groups divided based on achievement level. Research results are as follows. First, discussion learning did not have a direct effect on students' engagement in mathematics class, but still created an indirect effect on it through math self-efficacy. Self-directed learning and cooperative learning created a direct effect on engagement in mathematics class as well as an indirect effect through self-efficacy on mathematics. Second, high-achievement group had a higher perception of discussion learning, self-directed learning, and cooperative learning than a low-achievement group, and showed a higher level of math self-efficacy and engagement in mathematics class. Third, there were significant differences among groups, in the effect of discussion learning on self-efficacy in mathematics, effect of self-directed learning on self-efficacy in mathematics, and effect of math self-efficacy on engagement in mathematics class. Thus, this study offers meaningful implications for the role of math teachers as assistants in learning for learner-centered math classes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.19-28
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• 2022

This study aimed at public officials who are most strongly demanded to tear up the corruption and diagnosed what they really think about 'the corruption'. So, a qualitative research method called 'subjectivity study' or 'Q methodology' was used to typing on the perception of corruption. In other words, 30 Q-samples related to corruption and P-samples composed of 30 public officials were investigated to derive the analysis results. As a result of the analysis, three types of perceptions of corruption were defined. That is, showed a high distribution of civil servants such as 'educational administration' and 'teacher', and and showed a high distribution of 'general administrative positions' civil servants. Also, among the respondents of , it was found that the distribution of 'high' was higher for the level of corruption in our society, and the distribution of 'medium' for and was found in the case of the respondents with high factor weight. The overall explanatory power was high at 62.11%, and based on the series of results, a hypothesis could be found that 'the perception of corruption differs according to the characteristics of the work of public officials'. By the results, the commonly recognized terms for 'corruption' were 'politician/politician' and 'solicitation'. Therefore, based on a series of results, this study is expected to be the 'Priming' for finding ways to move toward a more transparent society by diagnosing and reflecting on the thoughts of corruption in our society once again.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.423-432
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of role recognition of students participating in middle school soccer club activities applying sports education model on responsibility and self-directed learning. In order to achieve this purpose, 410 samples were selected from male students based in Busan using the convenience sampling method. Among them, and 370 data were finally verified through frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's α coefficient calculation, and correlation analysis using the SPS statistics 25.0 program. Finally, a regression analysis was performed for hypothesis testing, and the results were as follows. First, the awareness of the role of the student participating in middle school soccer club activities, which applied the sports education model, was found to have a positive effect in part on the sense of responsibility. Second, the role recognition of students participating in middle school soccer club activities, which applied the sports education model, was found to have a partial positive influence on self-directed learning. Finally, the responsibility of students participating in middle school soccer club activities, which applied the sports education model, was found to have a positive effect on self-directed learning in part. Therefore, physical education teachers should ensure that students can choose the right roles for themselves through various role experiences in soccer classes so that more active learning can take place.

• Journal of Teachers' Pension
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• v.2
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• pp.47-102
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• 2017

오늘날 대다수의 선진 국가들은 고령화 사회에 대비하여 자국의 노후소득보장 제도를 대대적으로 개혁해 오고 있다. 우리나라의 경우에서도 지난 2015년 사학연금제도의 개혁이 이러한 취지에 해당될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 고령화 사회의 문제가 단순히 노인부양비용의 증가 그 자체가 아니라, 평균수명의 증가에도 불구하고 늘어나게 된 노후의 삶에 대한 시간적 배분이 근로와 여가에 걸쳐 균형적으로 이루어지지 않고, 사회적 부양을 필요로 하는 노후의 여가만 일방적으로 늘어나고 있다는 점을 문제점으로 지적하였다. 따라서 이러한 차원에서 볼 때 고령화 사회의 문제는 생애근로기간의 연장을 통해서만 효과적으로 극복할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다, 하지만 이와는 반대로 개인별로 건강상태나 가족상황 등의 이유로 생애근로주기의 연장이 불가능한 사람들을 위하여 별도의 제도적 장치가 추가적으로 마련되어야 할 것이다. 종합해 보면, 고령화 사회의 노동시장 문제는 개인별로 다양한 욕구나 능력을 반영하여 각자에게 다양한 선택권을 보장해 줄 수 있는 방향으로 개선되어야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 고령화 사회에 대비하여 연금수급연령 상향조정의 필요성을 사학연금제도를 중심으로 살펴보고, 대신 그로 인해 발생할 수 있는 소득공백문제와 연금가입경력 공백문제 등 제반의 충격을 흡수할 수 있는 제도적 장치로서 점진적 퇴직제도의 도입방안을 제안하였다. 개략적으로 사학연금제도에 있어서 점진적 퇴직모형은 법정연금수급연령의 인상 일정에 따라 다음과 같이 운영하는 방안을 제안하였다. 먼저 법정연금수급연령이 60세로 유지되는 2022년까지의 단기적 대책으로서 여기서 점진적 퇴직의 자격연령은 모든 가입자에게 60세로 적용하도록 한다. 이 경우 가입자들의 신분구분에 따라 각각 교수 5년, 교원 2년(문제해결에 대한 정책적 의지에 따라 이행구간을 확장할 수도 있음) 그리고 교직원 0년의 조기의 점진적 퇴직이 허용되므로, 현재 교원이나 교수의 임용대란문제에 효과적으로 대응을 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 다음으로는 2023년 이후 2033년 사이 법정연금수급연령의 인상단계에 해당되는 기간 동안의 대책으로서 여기서는 교수, 교원, 교직원에게 적용되는 정년연령과 매년도 법정연금수급연령 사이의 기간을 조기의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간으로 정하도록 한다. 그리고 이러한 이행구간에 상당하는 기간만큼 후기의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간을 별도로 설정하여 그에 적절한 혜택이 주어질 수 있도록 한다. 마지막으로 2033년 이후부터는 교수, 교사, 교직원의 신분구분 없이 모두에게 적용되는 사항으로서 65세를 기준으로 그 이전의 5년은 사학연금의 적용을 받는 조기의 점진적 퇴직 그리고 그 이후의 5년은 국민연금의 적용을 받는 후기의 점진적 퇴직이 이루어질 수 있도록 한다. 그리고 전체 10년의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간 동안 개인별로 퇴직시점이나 퇴직형태의 선택이 자유롭게 이루어질 수 있도록 하기 위하여 보험수리의 원칙에 입각한 감액률 또는 가산율의 엄격한 적용을 제안하였다. 그리고 고령계층이 자신의 근로시간을 단계적으로 단축할 수 있도록 하고, 그 과정에서 발생하게 되는 소득의 감소부분은 별도의 제도적 방법(가교연금, 시간가치적립계정 등)으로 충당하도록 하는 방안을 제안하였다. 나아가 점진적 퇴직제도의 운영방식은 근로시간의 단축뿐만 아니라 작업부담의 경감 등에 대해서도 인정을 해주도록 해줌으로써 임금피크제도의 기능과 연계가 가능할 수 있도록 할 것을 제안하였다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.90-103
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the anxiety arising from the budgetary and mental problems of graduate school students. Three graduate students majoring in Earth science examined conflict situations by using a narrative inquiry technique. First, participants become psychologically unstable due to a lack of knowledge in the field of Earth science, lack of mentors, lack of information related to academic schedules, late start compared to others, financial difficulties, and discrimination in the scholarship system. Second, participants felt hope from the perception that their lives are valuable, that they can change students for the better, and that they are developing themselves. Third, with their hope, the study participants bore the previously mentioned inferior situation mentioned above. They are, however, torn between becoming secondary school teachers and attempting to reroute their career path due to certain circumstances. Based on the results of the examination, the following conclusions were drawn. First, there should be improvements from graduate school management based on collecting and scrutinizing the demands of students in the to fulfill their needs. Second, providing psychological counseling for students who have problems overcoming their anxieties. This study expects graduate schools to not only emphasize training of incumbent teachers, but also suggest ways that can satisfy students to make better learning environment for all its members.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.77
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• pp.151-187
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• 2023

The cooperation between archives and libraries is necessary for the management of limited operational space and the improvement of work efficiency. "Larchive" is one of the model of cooperation between libraries and archives, so it can be an alternative plan for institutions that face difficulties in collaborating through "Larchiveum" - growing model of cooperation between libraries, archives, and museums. This study presents the recognition of Larchive to university archivists and librarians, and suggests a practical operation plan for cooperation between the archive and library. As a result, "Larchive" was relatively less aware of archivists and librarians, but in the practical point of view, respondents were fully aware of the need for cooperation between archives and libraries. In particular, Larchive was presented as a rational alternative model for both of the groups. And the need for material cooperation can be confirmed through the recognition survey, and the improvement plan for business cooperation can be confirmed through the FGI. Some prerequisites are proposed such as securing a collaborative workplace, assignment of budget and manpower. Through the results, this study presented practical operational plans for organizational cooperation in the form of Larchive, focusing on the perspectives of "teaching and learning support", "research support services", "curation services", "collection and management of school history data", "cooperation for evaluation", and drew discussion points.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.856-869
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• 2006

J. J. Schwab is usually considered as the founder of the concept of scientific enquiry, perhaps the most important key word of science education of the 20th century. Mainly through the method of literature review, this study reappraises Schwab's life as a science educator as well as a curriculum scholar, and his ideas concerning several important issues about science and science education. Like other eminent science educators, before the 1950s, who were originally talented scientists but later became engaged in educational activities, Schwab were trained and known as a genetic scientist, but later he concentrated on university reform, curriculum studies and science education. His academic interest was very diverse across different disciplines, from biology and science in general to history, philosophy and education. The essence of his theory of scientific enquiry was 'to teach science as science', and the best way to do it was 'to teach science as enquiry'. With enquiry, however, he tried to deliver some important but differentiated meanings, for example by distinguishing 'science as enquiry' and 'teaching as enquiry', and 'static enquiry' and 'fluid enquiry'. Scientific enquiry was the core concept upon which many of his ideas concerning science education and education in general were based, such as the diversity of science, textbooks, curriculum and roles of teachers. In summary, Schwab can be characterized as a rational reformist of science education, who tried to identify the very nature and goals of the discipline and to bring its substantial changes with concrete and practical guidelines. Nevertheless, some of his ideas, like the diversity of science and conceptual invention, have been handed down by his followers frequently with considerable distortion.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop the elementary school science instructional material for nurturing students' creativity and to analyze the effects of this material on the changes of students' creativity. This material was composed of student's worksheet and a teacher's guidebook, in which are relevant to the elements of creativity and creative activities that can be applied to elementary science curriculum of 5th and 6th grades. Student's worksheets include various creative activities: imagination, guided imagery, experimental activity, mind mapping as wrap-up, and 'let's think' as an extended activity, game, puzzle, making a cartoon, to be, role playing, and so on. These materials were applied to 5th grade science class, 156 students. They were divided into two groups: the treatment group to which developed material was applied and the control group which was a traditional lecture-centered class. After this material had been applied for 3 months, students of both groups took a test of creativity. Interviews and observation were also carried out with three level groups (higher, medium and lower level) which were divided within the treatment group based on their creativity score. The results of this study were as follows: The treatment group showed higher score on creativity than that of control group(p<0.01). In the result of interviews and observation, the students of the higher and the medium level accomplished their tasks by themselves better than those on lower level.All of them took an interest in visual activity. In a wrapping-up step, the higher level students made mind map more systematically and the medium students improved as time goes on, but low level students feel constrained. In totally, they used various expression methods and were interested in making drawings and cartoons creatively.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.27
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• pp.1-34
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• 2016

This paper aims to understand how Daesoonjinrihoe perceives the Later World. Daesoonjinrihoe supports to establish an earthly paradise through the re-creation of the real world unlike other religions which tend to relegate ultimate fulfillment to the afterlife. In other words, Daesoonjinrihoe endeavors to achieve their objectives in the human world rather than outside of it in a potential act of escapism. The new religions in Korea have been characterized by ethnocentrism and doctrines which present Koreans as the new chosen people by emphasizing Korea's crucial role in world leadership. However, the doctrine of Daesoonjinrihoe differ with other new religions of Korea in this regard as its purpose is to redeem the whole world. Daesoonjinrihoe proposes an open embrace of the religious diversity found in Korean society. Daesoonjinrihoe argues that the Later World has not come yet, even though the Former World is over and progress towards the Later World has already been set in motion. The meaning of human nobility is akin to anthropocentricity. According to a variety of myths and legends, animals and supernatural often attempt to become human. Moreover, it would not be an overstatement to assert that the re-creation of the real world and the Daesoon concept of human nobility correspond with these myths and legends. There were not definite interpretations regarding heaven in Confucianism historically, yet Daesoonjinrihoe differentiates clearly that heaven and Sangje are cosmic structures. Buddhism perceives that heaven separately exists as a cosmic structure and that Buddha is a transcendental entity, however; that entity is not accessible for intercession. On the contrary, the ways to save the world have been adduced in Daesoonjinrihoe. In addition, the earthly paradise of the Later World has likewise been introduced. Specifically, it is Sangje that opens the door to that paradise. Unresolved issues in the formation of a world view still persist. There are no shortage of studies on the notion of gods or divine beings, however; most of these studies focus on genealogical classification, forms, functions and other such topics. The concept of god, ghost, or soul does not seem to have been clearly defined in these studies nor has the relationship among these entities and humanity been satisfactorily examined. For example, if human beings become either gods or divine beings, questions regarding divine beings who have acted as protectors or guardians of human beings then arises. The Daesoon cosmology should be specifically compared to cosmology in Daoism. By conducting additional studies such as a comparative research with Daoism, it will be possible to interpret mantras and Daoist art as they appear in Daesoonjinrihoe in a thought-provoking way which can in turn be compared with other religions.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.149-168
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the home economics education items in the teacher recruitment examination for secondary school. To achieve the purpose, all the home economics education items, which were carried out for seven times from the school year 2001 to the most recent year 2007, were compared and analyzed. The form of items was analyzed by frequency and rate. Behavioral domain of items was analyzed by content analysis. In this study, some recommendations were suggested for the quality of home economics education items through discussion of science education and society education items, which were abstracted from the school year 2001 to the most recent year 2007. The results of this study were as follows. First, the score ratio of home economics education items was fluid as 20-30% from the school year 2001 to 2004 but it fixed as 30-35% since the school year 2005. In subcategory of home economics education, curriculum items accounted for highest ratio(43%). In the next thing, items of teaching-learning method(35%), evaluation(19%) and philosophy(3%) related to home economics education were followed in order. Second, the form of home economics education items was coexistent form of single item and subordinate item from the school year 2001 to 2004. But it was changed into form of single item by 100% since the school year 2005. Third, regarding the content of home economics education items, most of the curriculum items were related to the content of the 7th National Curriculum. Teaching-learning method items were taken mostly from model of teaching-learning. Evaluation items were taken mostly from performance assessment. Philosophy items related to home economics education were taken only from Habermas's three systems of action on the school year 2005. Fourth, about behavioral domain of home economics education items, most of the curriculum items were level of 'simple knowledge or memory'. Therefore, it was suggested that behavioral domain of curriculum items had to be changed into 'complex knowledge or comprehension and application'. The behavioral domain of teaching-learning method items and education evaluation items was mostly 'complex knowledge or comprehension and application'. However, to bettering the items it was suggested that the behavioral domain of them has to be changed 'comprehension' into more 'application'. Fifth, regarding the coverage of home economics education items, curriculum items were limited only superficial content of the 7th National Curriculum. Therefore, it was suggested that coverage of curriculum items had to be extended to theoretical content, which was philosophical background and various principles of curriculum. It was suggested that coverage of teaching-learning method items had to be extended to the content including various teaching-learning theories and the practical reasoning home economics instruction proved effective as home economics instruction recently. Evaluation items were taken mostly from performance assessment. Therefore, it was suggested that coverage of evaluation items had to be extended to analysis of evaluation result, item validity and reliability, and evaluator's philosophical perspective.