• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2012

Photoelasticity is a technique of experimental methods and has been widely used in various domains of engineering to determine the stress distribution of structures. Without complicated mathematical formulation, this technique can conveniently provide a fairly accurate whole-field stress analysis for a mechanical structure. Here, stress distribution around an inclined crack tip of finite-width plate is studied by 8-step phase-shifting method. This method is a kind of photoelastic phase-shifting techniques and can be used for the determination of the phase values of isochromatics and isoclinics. According to stress-optic law, the stress distribution could be obtained from fringe patterns. The results obtained by polariscope arrangement combined with 8-step method and ABAQUS FEM simulations are compared with each other. Good agreement between them shows that 8-step phase-shifting method is reliable and can be used for determination of stress by experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2000

The method of photoelasticity allows one to obtain principal stress differences and principal stress directions in a photoelastic model. In the classical approach, the photoelastic parameters are measured manually point by point. The previous methods require much time and skill in the identification and measurement of photoelastic data. Fringe phase shifting method has been recently developed and widely used to measure and analyze fringe data in photo-mechanics. This paper presents the test results of photoelastic fringe phase shifting technique for the stress analysis of a circular disk under compression and an edge-cracked plate subjected to tensile load. The technique used here requires four phase stepped photoelastic images obtained from a circular polariscope by rotating the analyzer at $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ and $135^{\circ}$. Experimental results are compared with those or FEM. Good agreement between the results can be observed. However, some error may be included if the technique is used to general direction which is not parallel to isoclinic fringe.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

This paper presents the experimental results measured by photoelastic 4-step phase shifting method for the isochromatic fringe distribution in a TV glass panel. In the conventional photoelastic method, the isochromatic fringe orders are measured manually point by point. The 4-step phase shifting method uses four images obtained from a circular polariscope by rotating the analyzer to $0^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;90^{\circ}$, and $135^{\circ}$. In order to use the 4-step phase shifting method, the elements of a polariscope should be aligned to isoclinic direction at a point and/or along a line where isochromatic fringe distribution is measured. Experimental results obtained from the 4-step phase shifting method are compared with those measured by the Senarmont compensation method. Both results are well agreed. Then, isochromatic fringe distributions in the TV glass panel that is heat-treated before and after are compared. Maximum and minimum isochromatic fringe orders in the TV glass panel with before- and after-heat treatment are changed approximately two times.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2004

An experimental study for a crane hook was performed to investigate the stress distribution along a certain line where the maximum and minimum stresses to be developed. On this line, the isoclinic fringe and/or principal stress direction is constant. The crane hook was modeled into a 2-dimensional plate made of urethane rubber called 'Photoflex' The Photoflex is very sensitive to a load and has low photoelastic fringe constant. The Tardy compensation method with the fringe sharpening process and the 4-step phase shifting method, was used for the photoelastic technique. Experimental results by photoelasticity were compared with the calculated stresses from the simple curved beam theory and tile finite element analysis. Ail the results were close to each other.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2001

Photoelasticity is one of the most widely used methods for whole field stress analysis. In photoelasticity, the difference and the directions of the principal stresses we given isochromatic and isoclinic fringe patterns. Conventionally, principal stress directions are measured manually by relating the polarizer and analyzer of a plane polariscope at the same time. This is known to be the Tardy compensation method. This measurement can be very tedious and time consuming in whole field analysis. It is not possible to separate isoclincs from photoelastic fringes by conventional photoelastic technique. In this study, photoelastic theory is represented by Jones matrices and 4-steps and 8-steps phase shifting methods are described A feasibility study using computer simulation is done to separate isoclincs and isochomatics from photoelastic fringes of a circular disk under diametrical compression. Fringe patterns of the disk are generated using stress optic law. The magnitudes of isoclincs and isochromatics obtained from 8-step phase shifting method are compared with those of theories. From computer simulation, it is verified to separate isoclincs and isochomatics from photoelastic fringes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2007

A hybrid experimental-numerical method is presented for determining the stresses around a circular hole in a finite-width, tensile loaded plate. Measured fringe orders along straight lines provided the input information on the external boundary of the hybrid element. In order to see the effects of varying stress field, different numbers of terms in a power-series representation of the complex type conformal mapping stress function were tested. For qualitative comparison, actual isochromatic fringes were compared with reconstructed theoretical fringes using stress-optic law. For quantitative comparison, relative errors and standard deviations with respective to relative errors were analyzed for all measured points by changing the number of terms of stress function. The hybrid results are highly comparable with those predicted by FEA. The results show that this approach is effective and promising because isochromatic data along the straight lines in photoelasticity can be conveniently measured by use of phase shifting photoelasticity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.178-178
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 폴리카보나이트의 재료로 만들어진 인장시편과 원형시편을 다목적 광탄성 측정기를 사용하여 프린지 차수를 측정한 후 프린지 상수를 도출하였다. 특히, 새로 개발된 다목적 광탄성기를 이용하여 지랫대 형식으로 프린지 차수를 측정하였고, 시편에 직접 응력을 가하는 방식의 직접(DIRECT) 실험법으로 프린지 차수를 측정하였다. 위와 같은 방식은 나타난 결과를 가지고 프린지 상수를 서로 비교할 수 있다는 장점이 있어 다목적 광탄성기에 대한 신뢰도를 얻을 수 있다 아울러 광탄성 4단계 위상 이동법에서는 주응력 방향, 즉 등경선이 일정한 선상에서는 연속적인 응력분포를 얻을 수 있다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.3 s.192
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• pp.31-39
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.329-335
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• 2006

It is necessary to study on the stress concentration experimentally, which is the main reason to avoid mechanical dilapidation and failure, when designing a mechanical structure. Stress concentration factor of a specimen of cantilever beam with a circular hole in the center was measured using both strain gage and photoelastic methods in this paper. In strain-gage measurement, three strain gages along the line near a hole of the specimen were installed and maximum strain was extrapolated from three measurements. In photoelastic measurement, two methods were employed. First, the Babinet-Soleil compensation method was used to measure the maximum strain. Secondly, photoelastic 4-step phase shilling method was applied to observe the strain distribution around the hole. Measurements obtained by different experiments were comparable within the range of experimental error.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1982-1989
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• 2004

In photoelasticity, the directions of principal stresses are given by isoclinic fringe patterns. In this study, photoelastic theory is represented by Jones calculus and the photoelastic 8-step phase shifting method is described. A feasibility study using computer simulation is done to get isoclinics from photoelastic fringes of a circular disk under diametral compression. Fringe patterns of the disk are generated from the stress-optic law. The magnitudes of isoclinics obtained from the fringe patterns of computer simulation and experiment are compared with those of theory. The results are close between them. Then, the 8-step phase shifting method is applied to get distributions of isoclinics along the specified lines of a cuved beam plate under tensile load. Experimental results obtained from the phase shifting method were compared with those of finite element analysis (ANSYS). It is confirmed that measurement of isoclinic distributions is possible by use of photoelasitc phase shifting method.