• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.6 s.22
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• pp.146-153
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• 2004

The purposes of this study are to survey unfair aspects of specific provisions in the construction contract, and to suggest counterplans and institutional reformations. The research method of this study includes judicial precedent analysis and a questionnaire survey, The results of this study are as follows: 1) the main problems of unfair specific provisions are payment condition, shifting of the responsibility and adjustment in the contract sum. 2) counterplans ate suggested according to the construction phase : bid, construction and completion phase. 3) institutional reformations include firming up regulations, supervision, invigoration of claim, development of variation guideline, and so on.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.237-241
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• 2016

This study, funded by Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, evaluated the bacterial contamination in disposable wet wipes used in restaurants, coffee shops, and bakery shops. The materials used are 55 disposable wet wipes collected from general restaurants. The number of average bacteria found was $4.21{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ in 50 disposable wet wipes; in the other five disposable wet wipes, no bacterial contamination was found. The highest number of bacteria was measured as $16.67{\times}10^3CFU/mL$. Total bacterial count of separated are 71 strains. Among the 71 identified strains, 15 were Staphylococcus aureus and 3 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This can be an important problem. This study measured the level of bacterial contamination and identified the strains isolated in wet wipes. This study may be important as it provides the basis for establishing sanitation standars for wet wipes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.209-218
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• 2017

In Korea, child abuse in child care centers occurs continuously, and it is becoming a social problem. The government has intensified the supervision of management in child care centers, and through strong countermeasures and prevention against child abuse, it enacted the special act on child abuse in oder to enable children to become healthy members of society. In this study, this researcher gasped the legal application on child abusers, and analysed how the punishment for abusers changed according to the application of the special act on child abuse, through examining precedents of child abuse in child care centers. 21 cases related to child abuse cases were collected by searching homepage of the supreme court and each district court in this study. As a result of analyzing the precedents, the sentence of the defendant did not increase greatly, and it differed from the criminal identification of the people in cases of child abuse on which the special act on child abuse was applied. Therefore, it can be seen that there is a demand for more rigorous legal application for abusers in order to prevent child abuse in child care centers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2011

This study has a purpose of base study for ascertaining landscape architect's role of Reung Chambong through analyzing old literature include Kyungkukdae-Jeon, Sokdae-Jeon, Daejeonhoitong, Joseonwangjo-Sillok, Eugye, Reung-Ji, Ilsung-Rok, Reung Chambong's diary. Reung Chambong was a government post in the Joseon dynasty, who managed Royal Tombs of Joseon Dynasty that has promoted as a World Heritage of UNESCO. the conclusions drawn from this study are as follows. First, Reung Chambong was comprised of two Jong 9 pum Chanmbong members. a position of Reung Chambong was a Eumjik appointed Saengwon, Jinsa, Yuhak completed Sammang. the standards of appointment is a experienced person and too young. it became means for accessing a government post because it had a symbolic representation of Royal Tombs guardian. Second, The management system of Reung Chambong was approved on the basis of ranking. however, due to geographical reasons, they had much authority and various mission than is possible. for example, construction supervisor of the Reung and Bongsim, manager of the Reungsuhogun and filling out Reungji. they performed an important role in management of Royal Tombs in the Joseon dynasty. Third, One of tasks related in landscape architecture, a Bongshim reported Sukmul(stonework), Sacho, Jungja-Gak of Reungsang to Yejo periodically. formational system and method of Bongshim are provided in the Kyungkukdae-Jeon and Sokdae-Jeon detailedly. Fourth, Tree management and construction supervisor of Reungsang, positions among tasks related in landscape architecture, required basic understanding and management ability of botany, various eye for spatial perception includes civil and architectural projects. also, as a site management of Royal Tombs in the Joseon dynasty, Reung Chambong was empowered tacit authorization and responsibility in mobility preoccupancy of vertical relationship with local officials and handling by-product of site. there is a close correspondence with landscape architect of today. A follow-up research is required to ascertain landscape architect historical values of Royal Tombs in the Joseon dynasty and Reung Chambong's role as a site management of Royal Tombs in the Joseon dynasty through historical seeking and research old literature on Reung Chambong's role related in landscape architect.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.253-273
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• 2007

Objective: This study was to find ways to let a manager or superintendent rationally and consistently inspect as well as let a embryologist precisely record [The Book of Supernumerary Embryo Preservation] and [The Book of Supernumerary Embryo Donation]. Methods: Based on the data collected between 1994 and 2004 in Clinic 44 (Maria Fertility Hospital), [The Present State about Production and Use of Embryos], [The Preservation of Supernumerary Embryos and Their Thaw State], [The Present State about Thaw and Use of Frozen Embryos], [The Present State about Donation and Charge of Frozen Embryos], [The Book about Frozen Embryo Discard], and [The Summarization Book about Management and Use of Frozen Embryos] were designed and recorded. Results: The production, use, preservation, discard and donation quantity of human embryos, the use and discard quantity of thawed embryos, and the cumulative embryo preservation quantity could be totalized in [The Present State about Production and Use of Embryos in Clinic 44]. Also, [The Preservation of Supernumerary Embryos and Their Thaw State in Clinic 44] supported "the supernumerary embryo preservation quantity" etc. In addition, [The Present State about Thaw and Use of Frozen Embryos in Clinic 44] or [The Book about Frozen Embryo Discard in Clinic 44] supported "the use and discard quantity of thawed embryos" etc. Moreover, "The embryo donation quantity" could be totalized in [The Present State about Donation and Charge of Frozen Embryos in Clinic 44]. Finally, [The Summarization Book about Management and Use of Frozen Embryos in Clinic 44] could be used for rational and consistent management or inspection. Conclusion: The present results suggest that the documents not only be standard data to record [The Book about Supernumerary Embryo Preservation in Clinic] and [The Book about Supernumerary Embryo Donation in Clinic] but can also be preserved as treatment references.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.41-72
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• 2018

In the division of labor (or teamwork) in medicine, the responsibility of medical and nursing staff should be separated or distributed to justify negligent criminal offenses. The present work refers to the standards by which the due diligence and responsibility of the individual persons are to be determined and delimited. In this context, it has been proven that objective theory as a measure of due diligence is appropriate. From a moral point of view, when assessing due diligence, it makes sense to impose greater individual or higher performance demands on the perpetrator, but law and order require that due diligence should result from socially relevant human behavior. To give objective measure of negligence and to provide the highest level of personal responsibility, so that man can not be burdened too much responsibility and it is accordingly with an equality theorem. Afterwards some points are presented, which should be considered in a concrete fact in the determination of the medical negligence. Medical action has specific characteristics such as professionalism, discretionary and exclusive, unbalance of information. These characteristics distinguish medical actions from general negligence. The general level of knowledge, the urgency, working condition and working environment of the medical facility, duration of the professional practice, assessment of the medical activity are crucial in this context. As a standard of delineation of due diligence, I have used the permitted risk and the principle of trust. In the horizontal division of labor, the principle of trust applies. The principle of trust applies in principle in cases of division of labor interaction, when doctors in the same hospital exercise their own specific occupational field or everyone works in another hospital. However, this is not true for every case. In the vertical division of labor, the principle of trust does not apply and the senior physician can not trust the assistant doctors. In this case, the principle of trust is converted into a duty of supervision for assistant doctors by the senior physician. This supervision requirement could be used as a random check.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.29-62
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out the main operational scheme of the "financial planning" and "the trust" for people with developmental disabilities as a means of property protecting and managing for them. The results are as follows; Regarding to "Financial planning", it is necessary to establish a measure to meet the financial needs for people with developmental disabilities in future plan; Issues to be taken care of in the point of financial planning include plan for the maintenance and use of property for their independent life; and public and private resources and support for the disabled. Obstacles are lack of national awareness of the financial planning for the disabled. In relation to the contents of the "trust" of people with developmental disabilities, the principles of operation are assuring universality, publicness, stability, self-decision making, and individuality; operating system is a mixture of public and private; subjects of target are people with developmental disabilities with no parents or caring family as well as income. The required support is a supervisory system for the secure management of asset to entrusted institutions; the decision support system for people with developmental disabilities; maintaining the qualification of government receipt of public assistance for those who do not redeem up to a certain amount of personal property utilizing the trust system.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2019

Crew productivity in the construction industry is an important indicator of soundness and efficiency of work process, since all works in a site are conducted as groups of people. A survey was conducted in order to reveal importance and performance of major management factors affecting crew productivity in road bridge construction site using IPA. As a result of the analysis, it was found that 'Construction equipment' and 'Human resource related' factors among five major-categories are most important but with low performance. Furthermore, from another analysis with 27 factors of sub-categories, it is revealed that factors needed sustained attention are four, namely 'Just-in-time machinery delivery', 'Formation of a crew members', 'Skill of workers', and 'Site control and management', whereas those needed much more improvement are five, such as 'Machinery performance', 'Clearity of Design', 'Clearity of shop drawing', 'Timing of work instruction and approval', and 'Clearity of work instruction'. Findings from this study will enable road agencies as well as road construction experts to enhance crew productivity in a site.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.3-32
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• 2014

Safety Management System is the aviation industry policy for while operating the aircraft, to ensure the safety crew, aircraft and passengers. For operating a safe aircraft, in order to establish the international technical standards, the International Civil Aviation Organization has established the Annex 19 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation. As a result, member country was supposed to be in accordance with the policy of the International Civil Aviation Organization, to accept the international standard of domestic air law. The South Korean government announced that it would promote active safety management strategy in primary aviation policy master plan of 2012. And, by integrating and state safety programmes(ssp) and safety management system(sms) for the safe management of Annex 19 is to enforce the policy on aviation safety standards. State safety programmes(ssp) is a system of activities for the aim of strengthening the safety and integrated management of the activities of government. State safety programmes(ssp) is important on the basis of the data of the risk information. Collecting aviation hazard information is necessary for efficient operation of the state safety programmes(ssp) Korean government must implement the strategy required to comply with aviation methods and standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization. Airlines, must strive to safety features for safety culture construction and improvement of safety management is realized. It is necessary to make regulations on the basis of the aviation practice, for aviation safety regulatory requirements, aviation safety should reflect the opinion of the aviation industry.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 2010

The public construction industry in Korea involves a variety of stakeholders, encompassing multiple layers of contractual relationships that crisscross between the State as project client and the contractors, as well as subcontractors. In such a hierarchical landscape, managerial crises of contractors involving bankruptcy or insolvency can result in unexpected damages for both clients and subcontractors. Accordingly, the applicable legal framework requires project clients to act as patrons in relation to making payments to subcontractors, and stipulates provisions pertaining to direct payments to subcontractors in order to promote the balanced development of the national economy in terms of the public interest by protecting small and medium-sized businesses working as subcontractors for large businesses. However, the relevant legal documents provide for different payment criteria and procedures from document to document, and leave room for variations in the interpretation and construction of applicable provisions, which leads to disputes and discrepancies in court rulings. For this reason, it is necessary not only to compare and analyze statutory provisions pertaining to direct payment to subcontractors, but also to review issues of contention in actual cases. This study aims to analyze issues in cases involving payment to subcontractors from the perspective of the project client overseeing and supervising the construction business. The conclusions from such an analysis will help to effectively resolve subsequent cases of a similar nature by suggesting a strategy to improve the relevant statutory provisions pertaining to direct payment to subcontractors.