• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.207-221
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• 2000

Purpose: Cost-effectiveness of myocardial SPECT for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease was investigated considering the present and amended costs of myocardial SPECT and exercise ECG in Korea. Materials and Methods: Four diagnostic tactics such as 1) coronary angiography (CAG) after exercise ECG, 2) CAG after myocardial SPECT, 3) direct CAG, and 4) CAG after myocardial SPECT following exercise ECG were chosen. Costs were calculated using the present costs of various tests and effects represented by Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) were estimated. Difference of QALY (${\Delta}QALY$) was calculated by subtracting QALY of diagnosed/treated cases from QALY of undiagnosed cases. $Cost/{\Delta}QALY$ was calculated and compared between four different tactics according to pre-test probability. Results: When pre-test probability was equal to or larger than 0.6, direct CAG was the most cost-effective. When pre-test probability was between 0.2 and 0.6, CAG after myocardial SPECT following exercise ECG was the most cost-effective. CAG after myocardial SPECT was the second most cost-effective. Cost-effectiveness was similar when the costs of exercise ECG were doubled or quadrupled. CAG after exercise ECG was always the least cost-effective. Conclusion: Myocardial SPECT with or without preceding exercise ECG was the most cost-effective method to diagnose coronary artery disease in the present or expected amended cost system.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1997

Myocardial scintigraphy is a widely used noninvasive procedure with high sensitivity for the detection of patients with suspected coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of a normal myocardial scintigraphy in 292 patients (150 males, 142 females, mean age $53{\pm}12$ years) with chest pain who were followed from 7 to 58 (mean 25) months. Myocardial SPECT was performed with Tc-99m MIBI in 173 patients, with Tc-99m tetrofosmin in 74 patients and with T1-201 in 45 patients. During the follow-up period, there were 2 cardiac deaths and 2 nonfatal myocardial infarctions resulting in cardiac event rate of 1.37% (0.66% Per Year). The cardiac event rate was not different in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries (1/30, 3.3%) and in those who had significant coronary artery disease (2/27, 7.4%) (p=0.60). In conclusion, patients with chest pain and normal myocardial scintigraphy have a low cardiac event rate, and there was no significant difference of. cardiac event rates between patients with normal and abnormal coronary angiograms.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1998

Purpose: Myocardial SPECT is an effective test for detecting coronary artery disease in the general population. But the diagnostic accuracy between sexes is not defined. The purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy between males and females. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy seven male and 98 female patients who underwent myocardial SPECT within 1 month of coronary angiography were studied. Myocardial SPECTS were considered abnormal if fixed or reversible perfusion defects were detected. Stenosis severity of ${\geq}$ 50% luminal diameter reduction of any artery defined coronary artery disease (CAD). Results: Overall sensitivity for detection of CAD was 98% in men and 97% in women (p=not significant). However, specificities, accuracies, and positive predictive values (PPV) in men and women were 49% vs 31% (p<0.05), 81% vs 57% (p<0.01), 78% vs 48% (p<0.01), respectively. Diagnostic accuracies for detection of right coronary artery disease were not different in both sexes, however, accuracies for detection of left anterior descending artery disease and left circumflex artery disease were significantly lower in female (p<0.05). Conclusion: A significant difference of diagnostic accuracy between sexes, especially in LAD and LCx disease, was noted. Artifacts from breast attenuation might be a cause for the lower diagnostic accuracy in female.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2023

Objectives: This study analyzed the decline in quality of life according to age in the chronic disease patient group, quantified it as a quantitative index, and compared it by sex and chronic disease. Methods: In the 2017-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, 11,473 adults aged 19 years or older, excluding cancer patients, were analyzed for age-specific changes in the EQ-5D Index by chronic disease. The decline in quality of life according to age in patients with chronic diseases was analyzed by linear regression analysis while controlling for general characteristics. Then, linear regression analysis was performed according to sex. Results: In the case of the control group, the quality of life decreased by 0.0004 for every 1-year increase in age(P<0.001). By chronic disease, asthma(β=0.0019, P<0.001), arthritis(β=0.0017, P=0.002), thyroid dis- ease(β=0.0016, P=0.015), dyslipidemia(β=0.0011, P=0.020), and hypertension(β=0.0009, P=0.027) mostly showed a greater decrease in quality of life than the control group. In addition, when divided into two groups by sex, hypertension(β=0.0012, P=0.029), thyroid disease(β=0.0041, P=0.038), and arthritis(β=0.0022, P<0.001) showed a significant decrease in quality of life only in male. Diabetes(β=0.0056, P=0.038), dyslipi- demia(β=0.0022, P=0.001) significantly decreased quality of life only in female. Conclusions: Chronic disease had a negative impact on patients perception of quality of life, and the more severe the pain and activity limitation due to the chronic disease, the more severe it was. It also showed different patterns according to sex. Therefore, it is necessary to allocate more medical resources and provide policy support to prevent chronic diseases, which are serious social problems.

• Research in Vestibular Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.125-129
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• 2018

Posttraumatic vertigo can be defined as the vertiginous disorder occurred after head and neck trauma without other pre-existing vestibular disorder. Central, peripheral, and combined deficits might cause this condition. Especially, various peripheral vestibulopathies are possible causes of posttraumatic vertigo; benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, temporal bone fracture, perilymphatic fistula, labyrinthine concussion, posttraumatic hydrops, and cervical vertigo. Since the differential diagnosis of the posttraumatic vertigo is often difficult, it is essential to acquire knowledge of their pathophysiology and clinical features. In this review, peripheral vestibulopathy as the possible causes of posttraumatic vertigo were described according to the current literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.102-116
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• 2020

The existence of appropriate teaching materials in foreign language is very essential especially if it is related to safety. Among them, the importance of textbooks is more emphasized because there is no suitable education or curriculum for EPTA (English proficiency test of aviation). A good textbook not only presents the right direction to study but also provides an efficient way to learn. This research exploded how well textbooks for EPTA are organized and analyzed current pilots' responses whether the textbooks are suitable for preparing EPTA through the questionnaire. The conclusion drawn is that textbooks for EPTA should be designed to encourage current and pre-pilots to learn how to communicate with controllers efficiently and briefly, and also should provide proper guide lines for preparing EPTA.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.425-428
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• 2010

이러닝이 활성화 되면서 LMS의 중요성이 부각되어 제공 기능이 확대되고 활용 범위가 넓어지고 있다. 공개소프트웨어 LMS인 무들은 유지보수가 용이하며, 다양한 학습 기능이 제공되는 이점이 있다. 무들 커스터마이징은 조직의 특성과 운영 방식 및 학습자의 특성에 맞도록 인터페이스 및 기능을 수정이 필요하다. 논문에서 제시하는 무들 커스터마이징 방법에는 사용자 관리, 강좌 관리, 기능 구성 관리, UX 관리 등이 있다. 무들을 커스터마이징하므로써 조직의 특성과 운영 방식 및 학습자의 특성에 맞도록 무들을 적용할 수가 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.1009-1012
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• 2010

ALM 구현을 위한 툴들 간의 통합 시도는 툴들 간의 통신 복잡성을 증가시키고 툴을 구성하는 컴포넌트 사이의 의존성과 컴포넌트 내부의 복잡성을 증가시킨다. 이는 통합개발환경의 유지보수를 어렵게 하는 결정적 원인이 된다. 따라서 본 논문은 통합개발환경 구성 컴포넌트들 간 통신 및 레이어 구조를 특성(기능) 관리 영역과 지식 관리 영역으로 이원화하고 가이드라인 MVC 모델로 구조화한 통합개발환경 아키텍처를 제시한 소프트웨어 공학 가이드라인 기반 통합개발환경 모델을 제안한다. 제안한 모델은 통합개발환경 구성 컴포넌트의 재사용성, 확장성, 유지보수성 향상과 더불어 통합개발환경 개발/관리자에게 효율적인 개발/관리 지침을 제공한다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a critical disease with higher rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality due to myocardial ischemia and infarction. There is glowing interest in how to determine high-risk patients who are candidates for screening testing. This study was performed to evaluate the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients detected by Tc-99m MIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) and to assess risk factors of CAD and cardiac hard events. Subjects and Methods: 203 diabetic patients (64 male, mean age $64.1{\pm}9.0$ years) who underwent MPS were included between Jan 2000 and July 2004. Cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) were considered as hard events, and coronary angioplasty and bypass surgery >60 days after testing were considered as soft events. The mean follow-up period was $36{\pm}18$ months. Patients underwent exercise (n=6) or adenosine stress (n=197) myocardial perfusion SPECT. Results: Perfusion defects on MPS were detected in 28.6% (58/203) of the patients. There was no cardiac death but 11 hard events were observed. The annual cardiac hard event rate was 1.1%. In univariate analysis of clinical factors, typical anginal pain, peripheral vascular disease, peripheral polyneuropathy, and resting ECG abnormality were significantly associated with the ocurrence of hard events. Anginal pain, peripheral vascular disease, and resting ECG abnormality remained independent predictors of nonfatal MIs with multivariate analysis. Abnormal SPECT results were significantly associated with high prevalence of hard events but not independent predictors on uni- and multivariate analyses. Conclusion: Patients who were male, had longer diabetes duration (especially over 20 years), peripheral vascular disease, peripheral polyneuropathy, or resting ECG abnormality had higher incidence of CAD. Among clinical factors in diabetic patients, typical angina, peripheral vascular disease, peripheral polyneuropathy, and resting ECG abnormality were strong predictors of hard events.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.502-506
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• 1996

Tc-99m myocardial perfusion agents such as Tc-99m sestamibi or Tc-99m tetrofosmin has advantages over T1-201 for myocardial perfusion scan fuck as low attenuation and easy availability. However, Tc-99m agents do not redistribute so they need to be given T times, namely after stress and at rest. To evaluate whether rest image is needed in patients showing normal stress image, 43 patients who underwent both myocardial perfusion scan and coronary angiography and showed normal stress images were evaluated. Findings of rest images of them were evaluated whether they change the diagnosis or treatment plans. Among 43 patients who showed normal stress myocardial perfusion imaging, 31 (72.1%) showed no additional informations. However, among 5 patients with vasospastic angina 4 (80%) showed abnormal rest images in spite of normal stress images. So, when vasospastic angina is suspected clinically, rest image could be helpful in identifying patients with coronary vasospasm. In conclusion, rest myocardial perfusion images were not helpful in 72.1 % of patients with angina when stress images were normal. In only exception was those with vasospastic angina.