• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1009-1015
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• 2009

The beneficial use of sedatives is often required for medically ill patients. This study examined the effect of plant flavonoids and diazepam peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) activation and glucose utilization in breast cancer cells, along with their interactions. In estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB-231 cells, the anti-proliferative activity of fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) and diazepam was more prominent than in estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 cells. Unlike PBR ligands, treatment with $10^{-6}$ M concentration of diazepam for 3 days exhibited anti-proliferative effects, while similar to apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) and fisetin, diazepam hardly affected the PBR mRNA expression by MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment with $10^{-6}$ M concentration of flavonoids and diazepam for 3 days inhibited the glucose utilization of MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment with $10^{-6}$ M concentration of flavonoids and diazepam for 6 days showed increased cytotoxicity and reduced the PBR mRNA expression of the MDA-MB-231 cells. Apigenin enhanced diazepam-induced anti-proliferative effects on the MDA-MB-231 cells as well. All together, this study showed the in vitro anti-proliferative activity of flavonoids and diazepam on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, plus additive enhancements. In conclusion, this study provides experimental basis for advanced trials in the future.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.347-354
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• 2013

Innate immunity is the ability to differentiate infectious agents from self. The innate immune system is comprised of a complicated network of recognition and effector molecules that act together to protect the host in the early stage of an infectious challenge. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL or mannose-binding protein, MBP) belongs to the family of $Ca^{2+}$-dependent lectins (C-type lectin with a collagen-like domain), which are considered an important component of innate immunity. While it is associated with increased risk and severity of infections and autoimmunity, the most frequent immuno-deficiency syndrome was reported to be low MBL level in blood. Deficiency of human MBL is caused by mutations in the coding region of the MBL gene. Rat homologue gene of human MBL gene was used to study functions of wild type and mutant MBL proteins. Although extensive studies have yielded the structural information of MBL, the functions of MBL, especially mutant MBL, still require investigation. We previously reported the cloning of rat wild-type MBL gene and the production of a truncated form of MBL protein and its antibody. Here, we present the cloning of mutant MBL cDNA in collagen-like domain (R40C, G42D, and G45E) using site-directed mutagenesis and differential behaviors of wild type and mutant MBL in cells. The major difference between wild type and mutant MBL was that while wild type MBL was secreted, mutant MBL was inhibited for secretion, retained in endoplasmic reticulum, and still functioned as a lectin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.879-885
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• 2013

Baby powder is an astringent powder used to prevent diaper rash. It also has other cosmetic uses. In general, it is composed of talc powder (talcum powder). Talc powder is harmful if inhaled because it can cause significant lung damage. With the aim of developing a new rice-based baby powder, three kinds of rice varieties were selected and pulverized. To determine the cost-effectiveness of the different states of rice powder, several milling processes were tried, and the powder characteristics of the resulting rice powder, such as particle size, biological activities, digitalized color value, and moisture content before and after coating treatment with essential oil and silicon oil, were examined. "Goami" showed good flour characteristics with respect to lightness (92.0, $L^*$[D65] value) and particle size ($8.9{\mu}m$). SEM analysis showed that the rice powder particles coated in the essential oil and silicon oil showed a smoother and rounder appearance than those of the talc powder. In addition, the average particle size was decreased by the essential oil and silicon oil coating. The silicon oil coating solved the problem of moisture absorption in rice flour. Rice flour properly coated with essential oil and silicon oil shows great potential as a new material source of powder.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1130-1136
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of acid extract of Gracilaria verrucosa (AEG) on RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells. AEG significantly decreased the cell viability of prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. AEG also showed relatively low cytotoxicity on normal cell (RWPE-1). The morphology of prostate cancer cells treated with AEG was distorted to shrunken cell masses. In addition, it was revealed that AEG induced cell death as evidenced by increased formation of apoptotic body and nuclear condensation. Furthermore, AEG clearly modulated the down regulation of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic)/Bax (pro-apoptotic) family and activated caspase-3 as an effector caspase in a dose-dependent manner. AEG inhibited cell proliferation induced by environmental hormones as a bisphenol A in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that AEG act as anti-proliferative effects as a potential therapeutic agent on primary human prostate cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1022-1030
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• 2007

For the improvement on the quality and functionality of red tanner crab cooking drip, the preparation of hydrolysates from red crab cooking drip using commercial enzymes (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase and Protamex) was attempted and its taste, nutritional and functional characteristics were also investigated. According to the results of heavy metal contents and proximate composition, red tanner crab cooking drip (RTCCD) could be used as a food resource. From the results of the trichloroacetic acid soluble index (TSI), angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting activity and antioxidative activity, RTCCD hydrolysates incubated with Alcalase for 2 hrs was superior to the other one-step hydrolysates. There were no differences in the ACE inhibiting activity and antioxidative activity between one-step hydrolysates, which was incubated with Alcalase for 2 hrs, and two-step hydrolysates sequentially incubated with Alcalase and other enzymes. Alcalase-treated hydrolysates was similar in proximate composition and Hunter color value, while high in free amino acid content compared with crab cooking drip. Total amino acid content of Alcalase-treated hydrolysates was 11.9 g/100 mL and the major amino acids were glutamic acid (10.2%), proline (10.1%) and glycine (10.7%).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to reveal association between internal marketing and customer orientation. Internal marketing was composed of empowerment, educational training, reward system, internal communication and management support. We thought these factors affect to the consumer orientation. For this study, 191 dental hygienists in Busan, Ulsan and Kyungnam are participated in this study. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS 18.0 program. In conclusion, we obtained the next results. First, the mean of internal marketing behavior was 3.22 out of 5. In terms of sub-domain, educational training (3.88) is the highest, followed by empowerment (3.35), internal communication (3.10), management support (3.05) and reward system (2.79). Second, the internal marketing factors of internal communication, reward system orientation, management support, empowerment, and educational training had positive correlations with customer orientation (r=0.189~0.381). Third, the influencing factor in customer orientation were educational training (${\beta}=0.277$) and empowerment (${\beta}=0.276$), adjusted $R^2=0.202$. As dental patients' desire to medical service quality becomes diversified, the analysis result is considered to help the future dental service management.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2016

Cooperation of the patients in orthodontic treatment is an essential element. This study examines the internal and external restriction factors and level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment of adolescent orthodontic treatment patients, and the factors that impart influence on the level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment. 'Form for students' among the indices of internal and external restrictions for orthodontics, which is an adaption of 'Orthodontic Locus of Control Scale' was used as survey tool, and 'Reliability and Stability of the Orthodontic Patient Cooperation Scale' was used as survey tool for the level of cooperation of orthodontic patients. As the result of examination of the effect of internal and external restriction factors on level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment by compensating the general characteristics in the multiple regression analysis, it was found that the level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment is higher for the patients who believe there is strong influence of external restrictions-patents-on the events that determines orthodontic treatment. In order to enhance the level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment of adolescent orthodontic patients, there is a need to assess the relationship between the patient and parents as well as the attitude or psychological state of the patients on orthodontic treatment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.816-821
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• 2005

Chemical characteristics and physiological activities of plums (Oishiwase and Formosa) were evaluated. Proximate composition of plums consisted of (w/w) 1.9-6.2% protein, 2.3-7.1% fat, 3.5-4.1% ash, and 84,1-88,7% carbohydrate. Organic acids, such as oxalic, malic, succinic, and acetic acids were detected, except in Oishiwse acetic acid was not detected. Free sugars consisted of sorbitol, glucose, fructose and sucrose. Total fiber and total phenolics compounds of plum rind were higher than those of flesh. Electron-donating abilities of rind ethanol extracts were higher than those of BHA and tocopherol, and were twofold higher than those of flesh extracts. Nitrite-scavenging abilities of rind and flesh extracts were significantly higher (over 97%) at pH 1.2 and 3.0. Tyrosinase-inhibitory activities ranged 88.5 to 100%. SOD-like activities of all extracts were weak at 22.7 to 27.2%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.542-548
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• 2005

Chemical components and physiological activities Bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides Starf) extracts obtained by burning, dry heating or extracting with water or 70% ethanol and were investigated. Contents of soluble solid and total phenolic compounds were highest in the ethanol extract. Contents of polyphenols such as catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3-hydroxy benzoic acid and ferulic acid were determined. Free sugars consisted of galactose, glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Organic acids including citric, tartaric, malic, succinic, and acetic acid were present in the bamboo extracts. Antioxidant activities of dry heat and ethanol extracts were higher than those of BHA or ${\delta}-tocopherol$. Nitrite- scavenging effect of extracts ranged from 84.7 to 99.6% at pH 1.2 ana 3.0. Tyrosinase-inhibitory activity was higher in the water extract, and SOD-like and ACE-inhibitory activity were highest in tile dry kent extract. Antimicrobial activities of the bamboo extracts were strong against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli O157, and Staphylococcus aureus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1789-1794
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• 2011

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells playing key roles in immune sentinels as initiators of T-cell responses against microbial pathogens and tumors. Sarijang, a folk sauce containing extracts of Rhynchosia nulubilis, Ulmus davidiana roots, Allium sativum, and Rhus Verniaiflura bark, has been used as a nonspecific immunostimulant for cancer patients. However, little is known about its immunomodulating effects or their mechanisms. In this study, we investigated whether sarijang induces phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs. For this study, murine bone marrow-derived myeloid DCs were cultured in the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and the generated immature DCs were stimulated with sarijang or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our data indicated that sarijang significantly enhanced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) as well as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II, as did LPS. The results provide new insight into the immunopharmacology of sarijang and suggest a novel approach to the manipulation of DC for therapeutic application.