• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.258-270
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the virtual reality simulation for malocclusion examination for dental education. A 4-step modeling procedure was applied to develop a tooth model with a realistic level in order to be held and observed in detail. Eighty-six participants used HMDs to examine the developed virtual dental simulation to identify their perception according to expertise levels. The independent variable, expertise group, included three levels: 29 juniors, 29 seniors, and 28 dentists, respectively. The dependent variables, that were task-load and usability, were measured through two cases. Results showed that the junior group perceived a higher level of mental demands and embarrassment than the dentist group. It indicated that the perceived task load varies according to the expertise levels in the simulation task. However, the senior group perceived a higher level of ease of use than the dentist group. This study presented the implications for the development of virtual reality simulation in detail.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

Lavie's perceptual load theory (Lavie, 1995) proposes that the influence of distractors would be blocked as the load gets higher. Studies of perceptual load have usually adopted the flanker task, developed by Eriksen and Eriksen (1974), which measures reaction time on the target flanked by distractors. In the post-cueing forced task, participants should report the identity of the target cued later, and negative repetition effect (NRE) has often been observed. NRE means the effect that the accuracy of identification is worse when the target is flanked by the same nontargets than when flanked by different nontargets. This study has tried to check whether perceptual load has an effect on identification rate and NRE. Experiment 1 manipulated the similarity between targets and a distractor, and observed a tendency of NRE, but not the effect of perceptual load. Experiment 2 used 4, 2 (in two kinds of diagonal arrangement), or none distractors of the same identity to burden more perceptual load. NRE was significant and perceptual load showed significance but not a linear trend. Experiment 3 checked again whether NRE would be varied according to two levels of perceptual load strengthened by positional variability of load stimuli, but did not find the effect of perceptual load. It is concluded that perceptual load might have a limited effect on the early stage of perceptual processing due to divided attentional processing of the targets briefly exposed. Implications of this study were discussed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2022

As social beings, we need to understand others' actions as quickly and accurately as possible. Action understanding can occur at many levels. We sometimes grasp others' intentions unintentionally. Other times, however, we have to expend effort to draw inferences about their goals. In the context of joint action, the joint Simon effect demonstrates that actors are influenced by the unintended representation of a co-actor's actions. This effect has been described as quasi-automatic, but it is unclear if the effect is automatic enough to be immune to cognitive load. Thus, we asked participants to complete a joint Simon task with or without a concurrent working memory task. One group of participants maintained a single digit in their mind during working memory load blocks (low-load group), while the other group maintained five digits (high-load group). As a result, the low-load group showed a joint Simon effect both during no-load and low-load blocks. In contrast, the high-load group had no joint Simon effect during either no-load or high-load blocks. These results suggest that the joint Simon effect is not an automatic phenomenon given that it requires cognitive resources. Actors in a joint task may represent a co-actor's actions in their task set, but only when cognitive resources are available.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to verify the impact of cognitive factors and GSR on the task performance. For this study 64 students participated. Multiple regression and repeated measures were applied to analyze the data. The result for the survey indicated that previous knowledge, physical efforts, and task difficulty had significant impacts on task performance. Particularly, task difficulty has a negative impact. This can be interpreted as someone who has high prior knowledge inputs higher physical efforts with low task difficulty perception will show high performance. On the other hand, the low arousal level of GSR in the evaluation stage is a prediction variable of task performance. This result shows that high prior knowledge and low arousal level of GSR produces high performance. However, the analysis of difference in GSR between learning and evaluation stages does not show significant difference. It suggests that physiological measure such as GSR is reliable index of cognitive load; however, it partially represents cognitive load. Other crucial factors should be added for comprehensive measures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1380-1382
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• 2007

인터넷의 발달로 온라인 원격강의나 E-Learning 형태의 교육이 많이 확산되었다. 온라인 교육의 확산으로 웹을 기반으로 하는 클라이언트 소프트웨어들이 많이 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 특히 교과목의 특성상 실습위주로 진행되는 프로그래밍 관련 교과목에서는 자동화 된 과제평가 시스템이 필요하다. 프로그래밍 과제평가 시스템에서는 과제제출, 소스코드 업로드, 컴파일 및 실행, 채점, 표절검사 등의 과제평가를 위한 기본적인 작업들을 수행된다. 위와 같은 작업들이 모두 평가시스템 서버에서 진행되기 때문에 서버에 많은 부하가 걸린다. 또한 공정한 평가를 위해 보안이 최우선적으로 고려되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 클라이언트 기술을 이용한 과제평가 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 본 시스템에서는 과제평가 시스템의 서비스를 분산시켜 시스템의 부하를 줄이고, 보안을 향상시킴으로써 학생들에게 공정한 평가를 가능하게 하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.629-644
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of whole-task sequencing emphasis manipulation on expertise acquisition in web based complex task. To achieve the purpose, emphasis manipulation sequencing type is composed of a simple emphasis manipulation, a snowballing manipulation, and a full emphasis manipulation sequencing and participants was drawn from a pool of 93 undergraduate students sampled for the study. According to the findings, a snowballing manipulation group invested significantly lower cognitive load than a full emphasis manipulation group but did not a simple emphasis manipulation group. Based on these findings, though complex task is included of high interactivity owing to real task, learner cannot suffer cognitive overload because emphasis manipulation which can view the whole task and the part task in parallel provides meta cognition for learner. And whole-task sequencing emphasis manipulation affects to transfer. The snowballing emphasis manipulation group invested significantly higher than simple emphasis manipulation group and full emphasis manipulation group. Based on these findings, the snowballing manipulation which learner use whole-task sequencing and part-task sequencing simultaneously contribute to understandings and ability to solve problems for complex task and it will in turn, lead to expertise acquisition.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.28-39
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• 2003

1998년 4월 일본 공기조화.위생공학회 북해도지부 설비기술연구회에서는 실무레벨의 "외단열건물의 열부하계산법"을 위한 소위원회가 발족되었으며, 1999년 11월에 연구보고서가 완성되었다. 이에, 일본 학회에서는 건축설비기술자협회 북해도 지부와 공동으로 실무자를 대상으로 세미나를 2000년8월에 개최하였다. 본 내용은 위원회보고서와 세미나에 서 거론된 "외단열건물의 열부하특성과 계산법의 요점"을 제시하고 이에 근거한 최대부하의 합리적인 설계와 불가분의 관계가 있는 "외단열건물을 위한 난방과 냉방을 통일한 열부하계산법의 개념"을 소개함과 동시에 "실무자의 과제와 금후의 전망"에 대하여 언급하고자 한다.

• 전기의세계
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.36-43
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• 1991

1947년의 1차 석유파동 이후 에너지 가격의 지속적인 상승과 수급 불안에 의해 각국은 에너지 산업의 효율적 운영이 국민생활에 미치는 영향이 지대함을 절실히 느껴 이에 대한 능동적 대처를 위해 총력을 기울여 왔다. 우리나라에서도 2000년대에 복지국가 건설을 위한 산업고도화와 안정적 성장기반구성을 위해서는 원자력산업은 효율성 높은 에너지 정책 수립이 무엇보다도 절실하게 요청되어 왔으며 이와 관련하여 합리적인 전력사업을 위한 대책 강구는 중요한 당면 과제가 되고 있다. 부하연구는 적정 예비율을 감안한 발.송.배전 투자계획 수립에 기초 정보를 제공하는데 있으며, 장.단기 부하전망 및 이러한 상황을 전제로 한 우리 실정에 맞는 부하관리 정책모색에 근거자료가 된다.

• 전기의세계
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1964

본고의 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 화력발전소의 경제적 운용 2. 수력발전소의 경제적 운용 3. 경제적 부하배분(economy load division)

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.121-126
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• 2000

국내 원자력발전은 전체 전력공급의 40%이상을 차지하고 있으면서도 그 특성상 기저부하용으로만 사용되고 있다. 그러나 전기에너지의 효율적인 이용과 다양한 전력수요에 능동적으로 대처할 수 있도록 원전의 부하추종운전 능력이 더욱 중요하게 인식되고 있는 상황이다. G7과제의 하나인 차세대원자로(Korean Next Generation Reactor, KNGR)는 기본적인 요건으로 부하추종운전 능력을 갖도록 개발되고 있다. 여기에서는 기존에 개발된 부하추종운전 제어논리를 변경된 부하추종운전 기본요건에 맞도록 하고, 구동 제어군 특성의 극대화 및 온도불감대 출력분포 제어논리 등을 개선시킴으로써 주기초 및 주기중 뿐만아니라 90% 주기말에서도 ASI(Axial Shape Index)가 만족스럽게 제어됨을 확인하였다.