• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.677-696
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• 2017

Cartoons and consequently animation are an effective way of visualizing futuristic scenarios. Here we look at how animation is becoming ubiquitous and an integral part of this future today: the cybernetic and mediated society that we are being transformed into. Animation therefore becomes a form of speech between humans and this networked reality, either as an interface or as representation that gives temporal form to objects. Animation or specifically animated films usually are associated with character based short and feature films, fiction or nonfiction. However animation is not constricted to traditional cinematic formats and language, the same way that design and communication have become treated as separate fields, however according to $Vil{\acute{e}}m$ Flusser they aren't. The same premise can be applied to animation in a networked culture: Animation has become an intrinsic to design processes and products - as in motion graphics, interface design and three-dimensional visualization. Video-games, virtual reality, map based apps and social networks constitute layers of an expanded universe that embodies our network based culture. They are products of design and media disciplines that are increasingly relying on animation as a universal language suited to multi-cultural interactions carried in digital ambients. In this sense animation becomes a discourse, the same way as Roland Barthes describes myth as a type of speech. With the objective of exploring the role of animation as a design tool, the proposed research intends to develop transmedia creative visual strategies using animation both as narrative and as an user interface.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2010

Black molly (Poecilia sphenops) and sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) are a teleost belonging to Poeciliidae. The spermatogenesis between two species were investigated by light and electron microscope. The whitish testes of both black molly and sailfin molly were located between intestine and air bladder. The size of testis was major axis 7 mm, minor axis 2 mm. The testis contained numerous testicular cysts. In both black molly and sailfin, primary spermatocytes were comparatively large ellipsoidal, and mitochondria showed a marked development. The secondary spermatocyte was smaller than that of primary spermatocyte, highly condensed according to their development. The nucleus with electron-dense was round shape and flagella started to be formed. In spermiogenesis, chromatin was more condensed. The mitochondria were rearranged along the tail. The number of mitochondria was 2 to 4 in cross section and 8 to 10 in longitudinal section. The head of mature sperm was long cone shape and had not acrosome. The microtubules of flagella were arranged 9+2 structure. Also, the tail of sperm have lateral fins. In conclusion, spermatogenesis and sperm morphologies of these two species were same. These morphological similarity seems to be an indication of the Poeciliidae.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2013

This study was conducted in order to develop slaughterhouse rumen content (SRC) as a potential feed additive. The moisture content of SRC can reach 80%, and therefore an appropriate dewatering process is required before it can be used. In this study, the effects of heating temperature, heating time, and filler content during the dewatering process on the activity of various enzymes in SRC were investigated. The Box-Behnken experimental design was employed, involving a total of 45 experimental runs, consisting of three variables (heating time, heating temperature, and filler content) with three levels per variable (12, 30 and 48 hr; 60, 75 and $90^{\circ}C$; 12, 22.5 and 33% for heating time, heating temperature, and filler content, respectively). For enzyme activities, xylanase, cellulase, and amylase were examined, and the results were subjected to an analysis of variance. Heating time, heating temperature and filler content had significant effects on the activity of each enzyme (p<0.05). Cellulase and amylase activities decreased (p<0.05) at elevated heating temperatures, whereas xylanase was reasonably stable around $90^{\circ}C$. The activities of all enzymes decreased (p<0.05) with increased heating time. Optimum filler contents for xylanase, cellulase, and amylase activities were 22.5, 12 and 33%, respectively. However, optimum conditions for all variables that simultaneously maximize the activity of all three enzymes could not be ascertained in this study. Nevertheless, the results from the current study can be useful as basic information for the development of SRC as a feed additive enriched with improved major enzymes for livestock feed digestion.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a microsporidian species, has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients. This organism has also been identified in a wide range of animals, and the zoonotic potential of human infections is of particular interest. This study revealed that this organism was found with relatively high prevalence in feces of asymptomatic cattle in Korea. Fecal specimens were obtained from a total of 1,720 cattle in a slaughterhouse located in Chungnam province, Daejeon city and Chonbuk province. After removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, samples were examined by microscopic examination and then nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microscopic examination with the modified trichrome staining for the fecal specimens revealed 194 (11.28%) positive calves for microsporidia spore. PCR using the specific primer for E. bieneusi revealed 79 (4.59%) positive calves. The infection ratio of microsporidia was higher in March than other season.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.615-626
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• 2013

In this study, spatial patterns of the urban flood vulnerability index in Seoul are examined by considering climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability associated with floodings for recent 5 year (2006~2010) period by the smallest administrative unit called Dong. According to the results of correlation analyses based on the IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)'s vulnerability model, among many variables associated with urban flooding, rainwater tank capacity, 1-day maximum precipitation and flood pumping station capacity have statistically-significant, and relatively-high correlations with the number of flood damage in Seoul. The flood vulnerability map demonstrates that the extensive areas along Anyang and Joongnang streams show relatively high flood vulnerability in Seoul due to high sensitivity. Especially in case of Joongnang stream areas, climatic factors also contribute to the increase of flood vulnerability. At local scales, several Dong areas in Gangdong-gu and Songpa-gu also show high flood vulnerability due to low adaptability, while those in Gangnam-gu do due to high sensibility and climate factor such as extreme rainfall events. These results derived from the flood vulnerability map by Dong unit can be utilized as primary data in establishing the adaptation, management and proactive policies for flooding prevention within the urban areas in more detail.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.64-79
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• 2015

We investigated the tidal current, hydrographic data, and benthic environment of major sea cucumber (Holothuroidea, de Blainville, 1834) habitats in Baengnyeongdo, Jindo and Uljin to understand the optimal environmental or ecological habitat for sea cucumbers. The three study areas were characterized by a cold-water mass of temperatures ranging $12{\sim}18^{\circ}C$, with an active circulation between the surface and deep waters. According to an analysis of the tidal current map, a strong flow velocity of $100{\sim}120cm\;s^{-1}$ appeared in Baengnyeongdo and Jindo. The three sea cucumber habitats showed the common characters of a bottom sediment composed of sand-silt, a diverse seaweed colony and benthic organisms, and boulders and rocks which provide a hideout for the organisms. We aimed to draw the optimal habitat condition for sea cucumbers in Korea, and the result showed that the low water temperature, rapid water flow, active vertical mixing between surface and deep waters, bottom composed by sand-silt, large rocks, and diverse seaweed colony and benthic organism were important factors. The optimal habitat for Juvenile sea cucumbers was the intertidal areas characterized by a muddy bottom, reef, and seaweed. The optimal habitat for adult sea cucumbers was characterized by a place where sand and mud are mixed, and the body size of the sea cucumber was proportional to water depth, and the relatively large boulders and rocks compared to the intertidal area.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 1999

The structures of the fertilized egg envelope from three species, three-spot gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus), pearl gourami (Trichogaster leeri) and marble gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus trichopterus) belong to Belontiidae were observed, utilizing light, scanning and transmission electron microscopes. In all three species, the fertilized eggs were the colorless, transparent, spherical, adhesive and pelagic type. A large oil droplet was located in vitelline membrane of the fertilized egg. The egg envelopes have a single micropyle, which is thought to the pathway of sperm in the area of the animal pole. Specially, the micropyle of three-spot gourami was similar to that of marble gourami which is subspecies of three-spot gourami. An outer surface of the fertilized egg envelope was arranged by grooves in all three species. The fertilized egg envelopes consists of two distinct layers; an adhesive outer layer and an inner layer with high electron density. In conclusion, the morphological similarity of the fertilized egg, micropyle, outer surface and transverse section of the fertilized e9g envelope seems to be an indication of the Belontiidae.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.175-181
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• 2007

Design prototype is described from the stately aspect as a principle of formative art, and from the shapeable aspect of physical feature. The prototype can be a common denominator which is contained in one nation's culture, art and life, as the thing which corresponds to the daily industrial craft, architecture and art's production intention and activity with the thought and background of the culture. We have formed the design prototypes with time and space in the process which absorbs and integrates the new culture. Modern Korean design's prototype can be seen in the late Chosun. As the upper culture and sub-culture were combined, the active culture was developed. Nobody can deny that Chosun's culture and art becomes a basis of today's design and Korea's beauty. In creating the design prototype, the natural environmental factors such as topography and climate are the most important. Such natural environmental factor led the design recognition of art and craft art, as well as an architecture and indoor environment's form. Korea design produced the artisan sprite which is devoted to a moral duty and instinct as our nation's nature and emotion, and ensured the emotional process not the rational process. So, it created naturalism which accepted the material and shape. Our design prototype's path tracking as an energy of future society's new design identity, can be the important theme for our design development.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.108-117
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• 2013

The domestic CM business market has continued to grow, but its size is relatively small yet in comparison with the total size of the domestic construction industry. Evaluation of CM projects was conducted through questionnaire surveys. Both clients and CM firms showed positive satisfaction levels. Nevertheless, the clients' satisfaction levels were relatively low in safety management, cost management, and document and information management. Superior areas of CM tasks were time management and recovery scheduling, quality control and technical instruction, and design value engineering. On the other hand, inferior areas of CM tasks were claim analysis and dispute resolution, cost estimation, and life cycle costing. Both entities have agreed with the positive effects of CM involvement in terms of cost saving, time reduction, quality improvement, and safety incidents prevention to at least 0~5% extent.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to survey the high school students' concern levels on decision-making problems based on biology, This study is a exploratory research to develop teaching strategies and curriculum of the common science for the enhancement of the students' decision-making ability in problems involved biological knowledges. The survey subjects were 101 first graders of the high school in Seoul area. The survey instrument developed was 5-point scale of Likert type consisted of 24 question items. The survey results showed that the concern level on selection of method for learning was the highest. The concern levels on selection of method for sports or diet which are the individual faced problems were high, and concern levels on the problems social issued such as decisions about standard for noise, pros and cons of approval for brain death or artificial abortion were high, too. The students' concern levels on problems individual context were significantly higher than concern levels on problems social context (p<0.01). The males' concern levels were higher than females' on 'AIDS', 'incinerator for rubbish', 'atomic power plant', 'protection policy for decreasing species', 'standard for noise' (p<0.05), And the males' concern levels were higher than females' on domain of 'ecosystem and environment pollution'. But the females had higher concern levels than males on 'diet' and 'surrogate mother' (p<0.05). The analyzed results were discussed in respects of implication for teaching strategies and curriculum.