DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

지속가능한 해삼 양식장 조성을 위한 생태적합 서식처 모형 개발

Development of Ecologically Suitable Habitat Model for the Sustainable Sea Cucumber Aquafarm

  • Oh, Yoon Wha (Research Institute for Coastal Environment & Fishery-Policy Center) ;
  • Kang, Min-Seon (Research Institute for Coastal Environment & Fishery-Policy Center) ;
  • Wi, Jin Hee (Research Institute for Coastal Environment & Fishery-Policy Center) ;
  • Lee, In Tae (Research Institute for Coastal Environment & Fishery-Policy Center)
  • 투고 : 2015.03.04
  • 심사 : 2015.03.20
  • 발행 : 2015.03.31

초록

본 연구는 우리나라 생태환경에 맞는 해삼(Holothuroidea, de Blainville, 1834)의 생태적합서식 모형을 개발하고자 해삼의 주요 서식지인 백령도, 진도, 울진 해역의 수치조류도, 해황 및 저서환경을 조사하였다. 조사결과, 수온은 $12{\sim}18^{\circ}C$정도로 모두 냉수대 지역이며 표층과 저층 사이의 해수 순환이 활발하였다. 백령도와 진도의 수치조류도 분석 결과, 해수 흐름이 $100{\sim}120cm\;s^{-1}$ 정도로 강한 유속장이 형성되는 특징을 보였다. 또한 세 지역 모두 저서에는 은신처 역할을 하는 암반과 전석 등이 고루 분포하며 다양한 해조류 군락 및 저서생물이 해삼과 함께 서식하였다. 이와 같이 해삼 서식처의 공통적인 특징을 바탕으로 사니질 저질, 다양한 해조류 군락, 저서동물 그리고 암반과 전석 등이 고루 분포하는 형태의 해삼생태적합서식처 모형을 개발하였다. 본 모형의 치삼 서식지는 조간대 지역으로 암초 및 해조류가 분포하며, 퇴적물의 구성은 펄질로 나타내었으며 성삼 서식지는 사질과 니질이 만나는 곳에서 가장 많은 해삼 분포와 수심이 깊어질수록 큰 개체를 나타내었다. 또한, 조간대보다 큰 전석과 해조류가 다수 분포하는 형태로 나타내었다.

We investigated the tidal current, hydrographic data, and benthic environment of major sea cucumber (Holothuroidea, de Blainville, 1834) habitats in Baengnyeongdo, Jindo and Uljin to understand the optimal environmental or ecological habitat for sea cucumbers. The three study areas were characterized by a cold-water mass of temperatures ranging $12{\sim}18^{\circ}C$, with an active circulation between the surface and deep waters. According to an analysis of the tidal current map, a strong flow velocity of $100{\sim}120cm\;s^{-1}$ appeared in Baengnyeongdo and Jindo. The three sea cucumber habitats showed the common characters of a bottom sediment composed of sand-silt, a diverse seaweed colony and benthic organisms, and boulders and rocks which provide a hideout for the organisms. We aimed to draw the optimal habitat condition for sea cucumbers in Korea, and the result showed that the low water temperature, rapid water flow, active vertical mixing between surface and deep waters, bottom composed by sand-silt, large rocks, and diverse seaweed colony and benthic organism were important factors. The optimal habitat for Juvenile sea cucumbers was the intertidal areas characterized by a muddy bottom, reef, and seaweed. The optimal habitat for adult sea cucumbers was characterized by a place where sand and mud are mixed, and the body size of the sea cucumber was proportional to water depth, and the relatively large boulders and rocks compared to the intertidal area.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Bellchambers, L.M., Meeuwig, J. J., Evans, S. N., and Legendre, P. 2011. Modelling habitat associations of 14 species of holothurians from an unfished coral atoll: implications for fisheries management. Aquatic Biology 14: 57-66. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00381
  2. Choe, S. 1963. Study of Sea Cucumber: Morphology, Ecology and Propagation of Sea Cucumber. Kaibundo Publishing House, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 219. (in Japanese).
  3. Conand, C. and Chardy, P. 1985. Are the Aspidochirote holothurians of the New Caledonian lagoon good indicators of the reefal features. Proceeding of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti, French Polynesia. 5: 291-296.
  4. FRI. 2014. An Investigation on the Suitable Sites for a Sea Cucumber Aquaculture Island. Fishery Research Institute, Incheon, Korea. pp. 97. (in Korean).
  5. Lee, C.S. and Park, Y.J. 1999. Influence of food and density on the growth and survival of sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus. Journal of Aquaculture 12: 39-45.
  6. Motokawa, T., Toru, I., and Isamu, S. 2003. Sea Cucumbers in Japanese Waters. Hankyu Communications, Tokyo. pp. 135. (in Japanese).
  7. Park, K.J., Park, Y.J., Kim, S.K., Choi, S.D., Kim, Y.G., and Choi, N.H. 2007. Histological study on the reproductive cycle of Stichopus japonicus in the west coast of Korea. Journal of Aquaculture 20: 26-30.
  8. Takahashi, A. and Okumura, S. 2012, Holothurian: Biology, Aquaculture and Culture. Seizando-Shoten, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 227. (in Japanese).
  9. Uthicke, S. and Karez, R. 1999. Sediment patch selectivity in tropical sea cucumbers (Holothurioidea: Aspidochirotida) analysed with multiple choice experiments. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 236: 69-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(98)00190-7