• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2008

Purpose : Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by arrested vascular and alveolar growth in the premature lung. Considering the consequences of arrested lung growth, the idea of administering bone marrow cells to enhance the inborn repair mechanism is promising as this may reduce the morbidity and mortality of BPD. We followed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-labeled bone marrow cells (BMC) injected intraperitoneally into non-EGFP mice in order to determine their fate after transplantation. Methods : An angiogenesis inhibitor, SU1498, was injected subcutaneously on day 3 in non-EGFP C57BL/6 newborn mice to create a model of arrested alveolar development. On the following day, $1{\times}10^6$ BMCs isolated from major histocompatibility complex (MHC)- matched syngenic EGFP mice were injected intraperitoneally to non-EGFP BPD mice. Morphometric analysis, immunostaining, and confocal microscopy were performed to determine the fate of EGFP-positive stem cells in the injured lung. Results : SU1498 injection reduced alveolar surface area and mean alveolar volume in newborn mice. BMC injection resulted in recovery of lung structure comparable to controls. EGFP-positive BMCs were identified in the lungs of the recipient mice after intraperitoneal injection. The injected EGFP cells were co-stained with endothelial and epithelial cells of the developing lung as determined by confocal microscopy. Conclusion : Our results illustrated that EGFP-positive BMCs engrafted and trans-differentiated into epithelial and endothelial cells after intraperitoneal injection in a mouse model of arrested alveolar development.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2014

Confocal Reflection Microscopy (CRM) was applied to investigate external fibrillation of different types of fibers such as Kajaani reference fiber, Whatman filter fiber, thermomechanical pulp (TMP), and recycled TMP fiber. It was confirmed that the CRM images are created from surface structures of the fiber cell wall. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) captured overall shape of the fiber, but minute details of the surface of the fiber were missed. CRM captured the minute details of the fiber surface. From the CRM and CLSM images, it was observed that the CRM images mainly appeared on the fiber surfaces. External fibrillation of the fiber occurs at the fiber surface, not inside the cell wall. Thus, it was concluded that investigation on the external fibrillation of the fiber was possible by utilizing CRM images. A direct qualtitative and quantitative method for analysis of external fibrillation of fiber was demonstrated by utilizing surface area to volume ratio, volume fraction, and roughness calculated from 3-dimensional images reconstructed from stacks of CRM images from the different fibers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.916-919
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• 2012

Bioimaging that can be imaging phenomena within cells of a molecular size have been advanced in technology. We can observe clearly DNA and proteins using a confocal microscope. Currently biological fluorescent imaging area is used essentially for diagnosis and treatment in health and clinical care field. In this paper, we developed an integration management system of analyzing fluorescence images on smart phone. It can support a user to analyse fluorescence images anytime anywhere. And our system is based on client-server configuration and has functions that can figure intensity of fluorescence images and manage many imaging data. Proposed system can be a mean of ubiquitous health because it helps a doctor diagnose by analyzing fluorescence images of emergency patients without time and space restrictions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 2009

The worn crater wear geometry of coated tools after machining has been configured by using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy(CLSM) and the Wavelet-based filtering technique. The CLSM can be well suited to construct the three-dimensional crater wear on the rake surfaces of coated tips. However, The raw heightness data of HEI(height encoded image) acquired by CLSM must be filtered due to the electronic and imaging noise occurring in constructing the crater image. So the Wavelet-based filtering algorithm is necessary to denoise the shape features in a micro scales so as to realize accurate crater wear topography analysis. The crater wear patterns filtered enable us to predict the crater wear shape in order to study the tool wear evolution. The study shows that the technique by combining the CLSM and Wavelet-based filtering is an excellent one to obtain the geometries of worn tool rake surfaces over a wide range of surface resolution in a micro scale.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.9 s.252
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• pp.834-841
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• 2006

In the present wort the Laser-induced Fluorescence (LIF) technique and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) have been combined to measure the temperature distribution across a micro-scale liquid layer as a direct and non-invasive method. Only the fluorescent light emitted from a very thin volume around a focal plane can be selectively detected, and it enables us to measure the liquid temperatures even at the close vicinity of the walls. As an experimental verification, a test section consists of two flat plates (for heating and cooling, respectively) separated by about 240 microns was made, and the methanol mixed with a temperature-sensitive dye, Rhodamine B, was filled in the gap between them. The measured temperature distribution across the gap showed good linearity, which is a typical characteristic of conduction heat transfer through a thin liquid layer. In result, the CLSM-LIF technique proposed in the present study was found to be a promising method to measure the local temperatures in the liquid flow field in microfluidic devices.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2008

Confocal scanning microscopy is a widely used technique for three dimensional measurements because it is characterized by high resolution, high SNR and depth discrimination. Generally an image is generated by moving one optical probe that satisfies the confocal condition on the specimen. Measurement speed is limited by movement speed of the optical probe; scanning speed. To improve measurement speed we increase the number of optical probes. Specimen region to scan is divided by optical probes. Multi-point information each optical probe points to can be obtained simultaneously. Therefore image acquisition speed is increased in proportion to the number of optical probes. And multiple optical probes from red, green and blue laser sources can be used for color imaging and image quality, i.e., contrast, is improved by adding color information by this way. To conclude, this technique contributes to the improvement of measurement speed and image quality.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

Dental Caries which has high prevalence rate, accounts for majority of dental diseases. Many treatment and preventive treatment has been developed, thereby reducing the prevalence rate, but in our country, fluoridization has not spread widely yet, so prevention has not been done satisfactorily. When dental caries progresses, irreversible damage of tooth structure occurs. In initial dental caries, demineralizing tooth structure can be remineralized, so restorative treatment is unnecessary. In this study, 20 teeth restored with composite resin without fluoride release were used and divided into two groups. Incipient dental caries were artificially made and demineralization procedure was done for 1 and 2 weeks, for each group. Changes in mineral contents around the margins were analysed with confocal laser scanning microscope. The results were as follow. 1. Both total fluorescence of the lesion and average fluorescence of the lesion of remineralized samples decreased compared to demineralizing state. (p＜0.01) 2. Confocal laser scanning microscopy can be used in quantitative analysis of mineral change. In result, confocal laser scanning microscopy can be used in quantitative analysis of mineral change and it could be used in many different fields of dentistry in the future.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.5-9
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• 2005

Observation of intra-vascular threadlike structures in the blood vessels of rats is reported with the images by differential interference contrast microscope, and fluorescence inverted microscope of the acridine-orange stained samples. The confocal microscope image and the hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed the distinctive pattern of nuclei distribution that clearly discerned the threadlike structure from fibrin, capillary, small venule, arteriole, or lymph vessel. Physiological function of the intra-vascular thread in connection with acupuncture is discussed. Especially, this threadlike duct can be a circulation path for herb-liquid flow, which may provide the scientific mechanism for therapeutic effect of herbal acupuncture.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.392-398
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• 2003

We present a novel concept of a phase-shifting diffraction-grating interferometer, which is intended for the optical testing of concave mirrors with high precision. The interferometer is configured with a single reflective diffraction grating, which performs multiple functions of beam splitting, beam recombination, and phase shifting. The reference and test wave fronts are generated by means of reflective diffraction at the focal plane of a microscope objective with large numerical aperture, which allows testing fast mirrors with low f-numbers. The fiber-optic confocal design is adopted for the microscope objective to focus a converging beam on the diffractive grating, which greatly reduces the alignment error between the focusing optics and the diffraction grating. Translating the grating provides phase shifting, which allows measurement of the figure errors of the test mirror to nanometer accuracy.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.291-299
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• 2009

We report on a quantitative analysis of cone and rod photoreceptors in hamster retina. Cone and rod photoreceptors were counted in retinal whole mounts using differential interference contrast (DIC) optics microscopy after staining of cone photoreceptors were stained with peroxidase-labeled peanut lectin. Middle-to-long-wave-sensitive-(M/L-), and shortwave-sensitive-(S-) cone opsins were visualized by observed using confocal microscope after immunocytochemical procedure. The average cone density was 9,307 $cells/mm^2$, giving a total of cones of 293,060 cone cells per retina. The peak density of cone cells (12,857 $cells/mm^2$) was found 0.3 mm from the optic disk (OD) of the nasal retina. The average rod density was 300,082 $cells/mm^2$, giving a total number of rods of 9,448,150 cells. The peak density of rod cells was found 0.3 mm from the OD of the dorsal retina. Of all photoreceptors studied, the total percentage of rods and cones were 96.99% and cones 3.01%, respectively. The mean ratio of rod and cone was 32.24 : 1. The cone photoreceptors of hamster contained both M/L- and S-cone opsins. The present results suggest that the hamster retina is strongly rod-dominated with some photopic property of vision.