• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a training algorithm of support vector machine (SVM) with a sensitive variable. Although machine learning models enable automatic decision making in the real world applications, regulations prohibit sensitive information from being used to protect privacy. In particular, the privacy protection of the legally protected attributes such as race, gender, and disability is compulsory. We present an efficient least square SVM (LSSVM) training algorithm using a fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) to protect a partial sensitive attribute. Our framework posits that data owner has both non-sensitive attributes and a sensitive attribute while machine learning service provider (MLSP) can get non-sensitive attributes and an encrypted sensitive attribute. As a result, data owner can obtain the encrypted model parameters without exposing their sensitive information to MLSP. In the inference phase, both non-sensitive attributes and a sensitive attribute are encrypted, and all computations should be conducted on encrypted domain. Through the experiments on real data, we identify that our proposed method enables to implement privacy-preserving sensitive LSSVM with FHE that has comparable performance with the original LSSVM algorithm. In addition, we demonstrate that the efficient sensitive LSSVM with FHE significantly improves the computational cost with a small degradation of performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.188-196
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• 2021

Korea has invested heavily in projects related to national rivers, but there is no evaluation technique and system to manage river projects that can evaluate the effectiveness of the river projects after they are completed. Their absence leads to the inability of information on river construction sections, analysis of project effects, and benchmarking between projects. This may cause over-budget, overlapping investment problems due to the implementation of similar projects in the same section, and incorrect business elements may be repeatedly utilized. In order to solve this shortcoming, this study developed river project evaluation techniques and a river project (construction) management system. The development of evaluation techniques enables comparison and analysis between projects and can be utilized in establishing maintenance plans. The system can also provide inquiry of construction information, visualization of construction, and management of performance items. In this study, the evaluation techniques developed through prior research were modified and supplemented, and the effectiveness was verified by applying them to national river projects in A river and B river. It is expected that the evaluation techniques and system utilization measures presented will increase the work efficiency of river projects and enhance the efficiency of river projects.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.267-274
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• 2022

In this paper, we report the design and fabrication of binary diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for random-dot-pattern projection for Schlieren imaging. We selected the binary phase level and a pitch of 10 ㎛ for the DOE, based on cost effectiveness and ease of manufacture. We designed the binary DOE using an iterative Fourier-transform algorithm with binary phase optimization. During initial optimization, we applied a computer-generated pseudorandom dot pattern of uniform intensity as a target pattern, and found significant intensity nonuniformity across the field. Based on the evaluation of the initial optimization, we weighted the target random dot pattern with Gaussian profiles to improve the intensity uniformity, resulting in the improvement of uniformity from 52.7% to 90.8%. We verified the design performance by fabricating the designed binary DOE and a beam projector, to which the same was applied. The verification confirmed that the projector produced over 10,000 random dot patterns over 430 mm × 430 mm at a distance of 5 meters, as designed, but had a slightly less uniformity of 84.5%. The fabrication errors of the DOE, mainly edge blurring and spacing errors, were strong possibilities for the difference.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 2021

This paper is a study on the digitization of an analog 3D pen. The term digital implies features such as homeostasis, transformability, combinability, reproducibility, and convenience of storage. One device that produces a combination of these digital characteristics is a 3D printer, but its industrial use is limited due to low productivity and limitations with materials and physical characteristics. In particular, improvements are required to use 3D printers, such as better user accessibility owing to expertise and skills in modeling software and printers. Complementing this fact is the 3D pen, which is excellent in portability and ease of use, but has a limitation in that it cannot be digitized. Therefore, in order to secure a digitalization capability and ease of use, and to secure the safety of printing materials that pose controversial hazards during the printing process, research problems and alternatives have been derived by combining food, and digitization was demonstrated with a newly developed 3D pen. In order to digitize the 3D pen, a sensor in a structured device detects the motion of an analog 3D pen, and this motion is converted into 3D data (X-Y-Z coordinate values) through a spatial analysis algorithm. To prove this method, the similarity was confirmed by visualization using MeshLab version 1.3.4. It is expected that this food pen can be used in youth education and senior healthcare programs in the future.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.5-29
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• 2018

This paper aims at making an assessment about the first year of the Moon Jae-in government. President Moon was elected amid political insecurity over the impeachment of then-president Park Geun-hye. However, the Moon administration settled in fairly smoothly despite no transition period of presidential power. Political and economic stability was soon restored, and the tensions between the US and North Korea over the North's nuclear weapons program were, to some extent, managed along with the agreement of the North-South summit and the US-North Korea summit. Pyeongchang hosted the 2018 winter olympics and paralympics successfully. Moon continued very positive approval ratings of higher than 70%. However, he has something to be desired. His leadership seems to rely heavily on a limited number of close staff in the Blue House, alienating the governing the Minjoo Party of Korea. He should build better relationship with opposition parties particularly given a divided government. Rectification of the lingering negative practices should also produce institutional solutions. Above all, Moon should carefully watch out to prevent scandals over corruption and power abuse around him and his family, which would lead to a precipitous decline of the approval ratings and the abrupt weakening of the leadership.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.157-179
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• 2017

In Korea, 'spoon class discourse' has attracted public attention in the press and among young people, which reflects that mass awareness that the class status structure is clearly rooted in the society becomes widespread. Although income distribution has been improved since late 2000s, it is interesting that Korean people's subjective perception concerning class mobility and social justice has been worsemed. By using the survey data on people's perception of opportunity inequality, this study finds that Korean people have by and large negative subjective awareness regarding socio-economic opportunity inequality, magnitude of opportunity inequality, and achievement by efforts, and that the degree of the negative perception is greater in accordance with the people's subjective identification. The regression analysis reveals that the social status of respondents and their parents(-), experience of discrimination(+), age(-), and high education of college and above (+) have consistent effect over socio-economic opportunity inequality, magnitude of opportunity inequality, and achievement by efforts with statistical significance. More concretely, as people have lower subjective status identification at the time of parent generation and their own generation, as they have the experience of discriminatory misconduct, and as they are young and highly educated, they have negative or pessimistic perception regarding opportuinity inequality. In addition, it is revealed that the unemployed and non-regular workers have significantly negative perception on socio-economic opportunity inequality, magnitude of opportunity inequality, while negative perception on the magnitude of opportunity inequality and achievement by efforts is noticeable among high and middle income households.

• MARITIME LAW REVIEW
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.115-144
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• 2017

The impact of the global financial crisis, which began in the United States in 2007, had a major impact on the domestic shipping and shipbuilding industries. In this regard, the domestic shipyard has established an order-taking strategy in several ways as an alternative to lowering the amount of construction of commercial vessels due to deterioration of the shipping industry, and selected industrial sector was the offshore plant sector. However, the domestic shipyard has under performed the offshore plant in order to just increase sales and secure work without any risk analysis for EPC contracts. As a result, the shipyard has been charged more than the initial contract price with the offshore plant contractor, or the shipyard has become a legal issue requiring payment of liquidated damages due to delays in delivery of the product. The main legal disputes are caused by the thorough risk analysis and the inexperience of process control that can occur during offshore plant construction. and In particular, there is no sufficient review of the unequivocal provisions in the contract as an element of risk management. There is no human resource to review these contractual clauses. Therefore, this study identifies the existence of specific risks that could lead to delays in offshore plant construction, and examined the existence of any unequivocal clauses in contracts for offshore plant construction. and also discussed how the toxic clause applies to the actual parties and how the concrete risk factors in the construction contracts are transferred and expressed by referring to the interviews with the project manager of the domestic shipyard and the previous research. As a result, This paper examined the legal liability of the contracting parties regarding delayed delivery of the products due to the offshore plant construction contract. And to improve the domestic shipbuilding industry.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.78-90
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• 2022

This research analyzed the status and problems of civilian expert programs for landscape architects to suggest alternatives to improve the current system. Literature research focused on the issues of the legal definition of civilian experts, the background of the program, and related regulations. Based on the understanding of the legal system, the research analyzed the operation status, structure, roles of the civilian expert program of local governments where landscape architects were delegated as civilian experts. Currently, 50 local governments are running the civilian expert program, and landscape architects are working as civilian experts in 11 institutions. The majority of landscape architects are working as MA or general architects. Only SMG runs an independent general landscape architect program. Based on the literature research and interviews with 16 experts, the research examined four main issues related to the program. First, the legal system issues of the civilian expert programs are related to the regulations assuming architects as experts. Revising the current legal system is a better alternative than promulgating a new law for landscape architects. Second, the compensation issue was a main problem related to operation. Securing a sufficient budget and more effective administration is required to solve the problem. Third, related to the role, the tasks being limited to consultation were regarded as the main problem. Although landscape architects wanted more opportunities to directly participate in the project's design, the fairness of the public project contracting system needed to be considered. Fourth, the competence issue is related to the number of available landscape architects. This issue can be solved by expanding the pool of civilian experts to adjacent disciplines, such as public design or landscape management.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.33-45
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• 2022

A series of model tests were performed in this study to demonstrate the clogging mechanism created during the installation of a compaction pile to improve soft ground. The application of an air-jet to extrude sand or aggregates from a casing during the installation of a compaction pile imposes a remarkably high-pressure difference between the composite soil layers of clay and sand (or aggregates), resulting in severe clogging. Therefore, a one-dimensional testing system was developed to simulate composite soil layers consisting of clay and sand (or aggregates) and to apply a high-pressure differential at both boundaries, thus replicating the extrusion process used in compaction pile installation. Herein, the performance of two construction materials for compaction piles of crushed stone and grading-controlled aggregates was compared. A series of one-dimensional model tests were performed under multiple pressure settings, with clogging depth and permeability measured in each case. Results indicate that, blinding clogging mechanisms and blocking defined by previous studies were observed for crushed stone, and a new mechanism of "infiltration" was revealed and defined. Whereas, the controlled aggregates performed excellently against clogging because only blinding was observed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 2022

Although safety and health education is reported to be very effective in reducing the industrial accident rate, the demand for improvement in safety and health education is also very high. The purpose of this study is to present measures to enhance effectiveness by investigating the effectiveness and demand for safety and health education for supervisors among the safety and health education systems. As a result of the study, it was found that the satisfaction and effectiveness of safety and health education were low. As the most important competency required for supervisors, it was investigated that job competency was the ability to discover harmful risk factors and formulate disaster prevention measures in the work process and work environment, and base competency was communication ability. In addition to designated safety and health education institutions, there was a high demand for recognition as education completion time even when professional education by job was completed by other professional education institutions. Therefore, in safety and health education for supervisors, it is necessary to focus on major items to improve supervisors' job competency and base competency, and to recognize that they have completed education at a wide range of educational institutions. We believe that it can increase the supervisor's capacity for safety management and improve the effectiveness of safety and health education.