• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

There have been studies on the satisfaction, preference, and post occupancy evaluation of urban parks in order to reflect users' preferences and activities, suggesting directions for future park planning and management. Despite using questionnaires that are proven to be affective to get users' opinions directly, there haven been limitations in understanding the latest changes in park use through questionnaires. This study seeks to address the possibility of utilizing the thirdgeneration SNS data, Instagram and Google, to compare behavior patterns and trends in park activities. Instagram keywords and photos representing user's feelings with a specific park name were collected. We also examined reviews, peak time, and popular time zones regarding selected parks through Google. This study tries to analyze users' behaviors, emerging activities, and satisfaction using SNS data. The findings are as follows. People using park near residential areas tend to enjoy programs being operated in indoor facilities and to like to use picnic places. In an adjacent park of commercial areas, eating in the park and extended areas beyond the park boundaries is found to be one of the popular park activities. Programs using open spaces and indoor facilities were active as well. Han River Park as a detached park type offers a popular venue for excercises and scenery appreciation. We also identified companionship characteristics of different park types from texts and photos, and extracted keywords of feelings and reviews about parks posted in $3^{rd}$ generation SNS. SNS data can provide basis to grasp behavioral patterns and satisfaction factors, and changes of park activities in real time. SNS data also can be used to set future directions in park planning and management in accordance with new technologies and policies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2023

This study examines the process of project promotion in Busan, which introduced the private participation-type consultative body for the first time in the country in the promotion stage of the private-initiated park development project, and introduced flexible application of the system and differentiated policy elements in the implementation process, and examines the operational characteristics and we tried to analyze performance, etc. As a result of the analysis, first, the preferred bidder was selected by introducing a mixed method in the project method, which is an independent project method that cannot be seen in other local governments. Second, by specifying guidelines considering the characteristics of each park and detailed guidelines such as the location, area, and maximum height of non-park facilities, criteria for establishing a rational development plan utilizing regional identity and the basis of evaluation standards were laid. Third, in the project process, transparency was secured through the delegation-type roundtable, in which the private sector performs the functions and roles of key actors, thereby preventing disputes such as suspicion of preferential treatment. Fourth, in order to improve the quality of park facilities to be donated and to secure design adequacy, after approval of the implementation plan, a general planner was introduced and construction project management (design stage) services were performed to promote efficient implementation and specialization of luxury parks in the region. As a result, the city of Busan carried out the project efficiently by conserving 5 parks from sunset, a park area of 2.25km², and reducing land compensation and park construction costs by KRW 740 billion. Reinforcement of the public nature of the private-initiated park development project was suggested. However, due to the application of these systems and verification procedures, the project period is prolonged, and park services are delayed along with the financial burden on private operators.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Urban parks are important spaces of ecological and socio-cultural value to citizens who lead busy lives in increasingly complex and densely populated megalopolises. However, creating and maintaining city parks takes the will of the authorities to put it into practice and provide the attendant financial resources. That explains why we are focused on the budget aspects for the Seoul Metropolitan City in relation to creating park spaces. Our findings were as follows: 1) The overall city budget has steadily increased, but the budget allocated to Green Seoul Bureau and new park development has decreased since 2011. 2) As for elected officials, the budget grew during the time of the first, third, and fourth mayors as the creation of parks was considered to be a major priority, but after the sixth popularly elected mayor, the budget was sharply cut. 3) About 10% of the budget was allocated to the parks managed by the self-governing districts, compared to the ones under the direct management of the city. Furthermore, the analysis of the average annual budget for each park and how long (in terms of year) the budget for each park is invested showed that it was classified into three different types of category. Local governments adhere to the principle that their budget must be compiled and expended for a single year, which makes it hard to establish and push ahead with a long-term plan. However, as parks and green areas should not be approached from a short-term perspective for performance but from a long-term perspective, securing the consistent amount of budget is essential. This study has significance in that it attempted to analyze the budget issues related to parks, which has not been studied in depth so far, but the subject in this paper was limited to the budget for Green Seoul Bureau. Therefore, further research is needed because the parks managed by the self-governing districts were not considered.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.237-251
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• 2019

This study evaluated the ecological value of waterside parks by investigating the animal distribution and ecological feature in 92 waterside parks and analyzed the change of ecological awareness by users and non-users of waterside parks through ecological education and promotion based on the investigation results. The result confirmed inhabitation of various animals including 9 endangered species (Pernis ptilorhynchus orientalis, Accipiter soloensis, Falco subbuteo, Charadrius placidus, Felis bengalensis euptilura, Lutra lutra, Kaloula borealis, Polyphylla laticollis manchurica, and Leptalina unicolor) in waterside parks. Although waterside parks were constructed to be hydrophilic areas for human use, some of them with high natural characteristics are valued as biological habitat. We investigated user status in 5 areas (Daejeon, Sejong, Cheongju, Kongju, and Buyeo) located at Guem river basin to evaluate people's perception of waterside parks and carried out the ecological education and promotion based on the investigation result. The survey of 200 people showed that there were more users of waterside parks than non-users and that people in their 40's showed the highest use rate. The use frequency of waterside parks located in Daejeon and Cheongju was lower than in other areas (Sejong, Kongju, and Buyeo). We considered it was because Daejeon and Cheongju were urban areas and had relatively more leisure areas such as sports facilities and cafe than other areas, and thus the residents had a lower reliance on waterside parks. Moreover, users used waterside parks more frequently when they were nearer to users' residence. It is because most users perceived waterside parks as the leisure sports facility and thus preferred them to be within walking distance. The users' perception of waterside parks as the ecological space "to be preserved" increased after the ecological education and promotion. The change of the perception was higher among users (80%) than non-users (38%). Therefore, ecological education and promotion were potentially more effective to people who user waterside parks and thus had a higher understanding of the characteristics and specification. In conclusion, 1) although waterside parks were constructed for human use, some parts had high ecological value for the distribution of endangered species and outstanding natural beauty, and 2) it is necessary to change the perception of waterside parks from the hydrophilic attribute to the conservation attribute. Such change of perception would contribute to establishing waterside parks that feature both hydrophilic and conservation attributes in the management or upgrading plan of waterside parks in the future.

• Korean Architects
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• no.1 s.333
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• pp.121-123
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• 1997

김해시는 지난 96년 8월 20일 김해종합운동장 기본설계(안) 현상공모를 실시, 총 4개 작품이 접수 된 결과 각계 전문가 및 관계공무원 등으로 구성된 심사위원회에서 일건건축(황일인)안을 최우수작으로 선정, 11월 23일 발표했다. 최우수작으로 선정된 일건건축안은 녹지축의 연결로(풍유~조만강)를 두어 도시계획차원에서의 공간 이용계획을 고려한 점, 체육시설과 시민 이용 녹지공간 이용을 잘 연계한 점, 평야의 황량함을 없애기 위하여 지형변화를 준 것 등이 높이 평가되었다. 2016년 도시인구 70만에 걸맞는 종합 문화ㆍ체육공원으로서의 종합운동장 조성사업의 일환으로 추진된 이번 설계경기의 최우수작에게는 기본설계 및 용역권이 주어지며, 우수작에게는 상금 5백만원이 주어졌다. 우수작은 일신설계(정태복)안이 선정됐다.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.43-55
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to derive indicators and development directions to be considered when planning new towns in the Seoul metropolitan area as new towns are planned to be built. To this end, the following implications were derived after analyzing the survey data of experts in each field using Frequency Analysis and Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) technique. First, the assessment results of the existing first and second phase new towns showed that there were many negative assessments of citizen participation and information sharing, smart technologies and services, social and cultural diversity and inclusion. Regarding the third phase new town, experts said that the most important indicators are accessibility and convenience of transportation, environmental comfort, quality and service of residence. In addition, experts cited the superiority of landscape/design, jobs/self-sufficiency and social/cultural diversity as important indicators. Second, after examining whether the perceptions and assessments of experts differ depending on individual characteristics such as gender, age, occupation, and professional field, the first and second phase new towns showed significant differences only in "gender", and the third phase new town had significant differences in "gender" and "professional field". Third, experts thought that changes in population structure, industry and jobs, quality of life and diversity, environment and climate change, and social and residential welfare should be considered important in the planning of third phase new town. In addition, experts considered expanding park and self-sufficient land as important in the land use plan, and ranked eco-city as a desirable type of the city, and public transportation facilities, park areas and education facilities as the most important living infrastructure.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.171-178
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• 1996

CFMS(Critical Function Monitoring System)는 원자력발전소의 비상시에 운전원에게 보조장보를 제공하는 지원시스템이다. 본 연구에서는 원자력발전소 울진 3&4호기 CFMS의 화면설계에 대한 인간 공학적 검토를 수행하였다. CFMS에 대한 규제 및 법규를 만족시키는 것과 CFMS 화면설계가 운전원에게 편의성을 제공할 수 있는지에 대한 인간공학적 타당성 평가의 사례를 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 인간공학적 검토의 공식적인 체계를 설정하기 위하여, CFMS 설계에서 필요한 인간공학 업무를 규정하고 수행절차를 기술하는 인간공학 프로그램 계획 (Human Factors Engineering Program Plan; HFEPP)과 설계평가의 방법과 업무 내용을 기술하는 확인 및 검증 프로그램 계획(Human Factors Engineerign Verification and Validation Plan; HFE V&V Plan)을 개발하였다. CFMS 설계에 대한 인간공학적 확인 및 검증을 위하여 CFMS의 정보 가용성 (information availability)과 화면 적합성 (display suitability)을 확인하였다. 정보 가용성의 확인은 CFMS 설계 요건서에서 정의된 정보를 중심으로 한 필요정보의 목록과 CFMS 화면상에서 제공되는 정보의 목록을 비교함으로써 수행되었다. 화면 적합성의 확인은 검토항목 선정, 검토양식 개발, 전문가 검토, 실험검토 등의 과정을 통하여 수행되었다. 관련 규제 문건으로 부터 규제요건상 만족해야할 최소한의 검토항목을 선정하고 검토양식을 개발하였으며, 인간공학 전문가들의 주관적 평가를 통하 여 수행되었다. 또한 화면의 조작방식에 대한 상세검토를 수행하였다. 검토결과로부터 발견된 문제점들은 HED (Human Engineerign Discrepance) 목록으로 정리하여 설계에 반영하도록 하였다.로 마음의 안정감, 몸의 긴장 이완에 따른 건강 상태 유지, 수업 집중도 향상 등이 나타났다. 위와 같은 종합 적 분석 결과에 따라, 본 연구는 제조 현장의 생산성 향상 및 품질 향상과 연계하여 작업자의 작업 집중도 향상, 작업자의 육체적, 심리적 변화에 따른 생산성 및 품질 향상 변화 정도 등의 산업공학(인간공학) 제 분야의 여러 측면에서 연구 및 적용이 가능하리라 사료된다.l, 시험군:25.90$\pm$7.16mg/d1, 47% 감소)를 나타내었으며, 시험군의 AUC는 대조군에 비해 39% 감소하였고, 혈중 아세트알데히드의 농도는 투여 60분후 시험군(3.96$\pm$0.07nmo1/$m\ell$)이 대조군(6.45$\pm$0,64nmo1/$m\ell$)에 비해 유의성 있는 감소(39%)를 나타내었으며, 시험군의 AUC는 대조군에 비해 48% 감소하였다 한편, 시험관내 에탄올 대사 효소에 대한 바이오짐의 효과를 검색해본 결과 바이오짐(2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/assay)에 의해 Aldehyde dehydrogenase(1.5unit/assay)의 활성이 14% 증가되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때, 비지니스 및 바이오짐은 음주 후 상승된 혈중 에탄을 농도 및 아세트알데히드의 농도를 현저히 감소시키는 효과가 있었다.량 보호 관리, 도시 소공원 개발, 역사 문화 공원 조성, 하천 공간 복원, 공원 시설 기능 개선, 이용 프로그램 개발, 공원 관리 개선, 환경 피해 녹지의 회복, 도시 환경 림 조성, 녹지 기능 증진, 도시 자연 경관 보전, 공원 녹지체계 구성, 공원 녹지 공급 균형, 주변 환경 녹화, 가로 녹화의 17개 시책을 제안하였다. 이러한 정책사업의 원활한 추진을 위해서는 기존의 관주도의 일방적인 공원 녹지 행정이 아닌 시민의 참여를 통

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.95-112
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• 2013

Jangchungdan Park is now perceived as a mere park at the foot of Namsan mountain, but originally it was created to commemorate soldiers of Korean Empire on a site which name was Namsoyeong(南小營) during Joseon Dynasty. During the period of Japanese colonial rule, it was transformed into a park due to the rapidly changing circumstances, so the components expressing the validity of the colonial rule were introduced into the park. This paper examines the time sequential changes of Jangchungdan Park during the period of Japanese colonial rule, and the conclusions can be summarized as given below. Firstly, the park originally was a space to commemorate the soldiers who fought for the Korean Empire. It was built on formerly restricted area at the foot of Namsan Mountain in 1900, and it was arranged putting the ceremonial shrine Dansa (壇祠) as a central building and the annexes in the surroundings of it. The memorial ceremonies were held regularly in spring and autumn until 1909. Secondly, it became a city park for citizens of Gyeongseong-bu(the name of Seoul under the Japanese colonial rule). The authorities of Gyeongseong-bu reorganized Jangchungdan as a park in 1919, prohibited the performance of memorial ceremonies, and the existing buildings except the ceremonial shrine Dansa began to be used as park management facilities. Resting areas and amenities were supplemented for the usage of people from various backgrounds, and the large scale planting of cherry trees made the park a famous place to enjoy cherry-blossoms and other flowers in spring. Thirdly, it was reconstructed as a space to honor the influential personalities of Japanese colonial system. In 1932, Bankmun temple (博文寺) to commemorate Ito Hirobumi was constructed at a location that made it possible for a number of people to overlook Jangchungdan area. During that time, the buildings of traditional Joseon architecture were removed and reconstructed to serve as annexes to Bankmun temple. Due to the strategy to make Jangchungdan park a tourist attraction, Bankmun temple was included into the Gyeongseong sightseeing course, since the wide panorama of Jangchungdan Park and the whole city of Gyeongseong was opening from the temple. Various different components were introduced into Jangchungdan Park due to the rapidly changing circumstances; therefore the nature of the park was either altered or reproduced. Hopefully, the park rearrangement works will be executed paying respects to the memories of the past hereafter.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.98-108
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of neighborhood environmental perception on park use for health. The study area is focused on neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu city. The analysis results are based on questionnaires of 303 respondents. According to the results, park use for health improvement was significantly associated with the perceptions of accessibility to a marketplace, availability of public transit, accessibility to the park, enough sidewalks, number of crosswalks, and athletic population. The probability of park use increased by 2.326 times as the satisfaction of accessibility to the park increased. Also, greater athletic population, fewer crosswalks, and more sidewalks lead to increase of park use by 1.701, 1.617, and 1.642 times, respectively. Therefore, it is important to increase the available neighborhood parks around residences and to develop exercise programs that people can use continuously in order to vitalize park use for health improvement. Also, it is necessary to improve the convenience of walking such as development of pedestrian streets or malls between residences and parks.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.542-557
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• 1996

경제적인 풍요가 어느정도 이루어지면서 깨끗한 도시환경속에서 삶을 누리고자 하는 욕구도 증가되었다. 이를 반영하듯이 최근들어 환경에 대한 시민들의 관심이 어느때 보다 더욱 커져만 가고 있다. 이와 더불어 도시계획적 흐름도 물적계획에서 비물적계획인 인간중심 위주의 가치관으로 전환되고 있으며, 공원녹지체계의 정립, 도시경관관리방안, 자전거도로의 도입, 보행자도로의 계획과 설계, 대중교통의 활성화 등 많은 환경친화적 프로젝트들이 수행되어져 왔다. 본 연구에서도 기존의 주요 보행자공간으로 다루어져 온 보도공간에 대하여 조사연구하였으며, 도심의 외곽에 위치하고는 있지만 대구시의 남북을 관통하는 주요간선도로변에 접해 있고 보행량에 비해 보도가 지나치게 넓어 비효율적인 토지이용을 보이는 보도공간을 대상으로 하였다. 특히 도심의 외곽지 보도에 관한 연구는 통행량이 많은 도심지의 상업지나 주택지의 보도에 밀려 상대적으로 소홀히 다루어져 왔다. 이 가운데 대표성과 보편성을 가지는 곳으로 선정하여 연구를 수행한 결과 기존의 단순목적 보도공간을 4개의 공간 즉 보행자공간, 자전거도로공간, 차단 및 가로시설공간, 녹지 및 편익공간으로 재구성하였다. 이는 적은 비용과 노력으로 보행의 순기능인 쾌적성과 안전성을 보다 강화시켜나갈 수 있었다. 매연과 소음이 없고 도시민의 건강성를 확보한다는 이유로 여러 선진국에서는 수 년전부터 각광을 받고 있는 것이 보행교통과 자전거교통의 개념인 녹색교통이다. 이러한 녹색교통은 공해감소의 편익도 있지만 무엇보다 매력적인 도시환경의 창출과 인간중심적이라는 가치관에 그 의의가 있겠다.