• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.227-237
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• 2019

In terms of the concept of space in urban planning and design, the modern city approaches from the perspective that all spaces are made up of different places based on identity. In this study, we analyzed disparate image by paying attention to the difference between the individual spaces that form the city. And the physical and behavioral factors that respond to the disparate spatial images are derived through legibility measurement. As a result, the urban space in Busan has disparate images such as closure, openness, dynamic + closure, dynamic + openness, quiet space. The following are the legibility factors that make each image stronger. The elements of closure are high-density and high-rise buildings, residence, work, openness appeared as a factor of water space, walking and viewing. Dynamic & Closure is the element of industrial activity, dynamic & openness is open space, water space, swimming element, quiet space image is green space, walking, stay factor.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.853-858
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• 2001

When an absolute elastic collision occurs between a motion body and the another body inside a closed space, according to the current physical law and thus a computer graphical expression, it is defined that the center of mass of the closed space is not moved. This paper defines a physical law which includes a minor facts of the center of mass of a closed space moves during an absolute elastic collision occurs between a motion body and another body inside a closed space. The law defined in this paper has been verified using approximate lab equipments, and using this, graphical expression models and mathematical expressions for an absolute elastic collision between two bodies inside a closed space are del ed. When the minor effects of the center of mass moves is applied to the multi-body dynamic simulation program or haptic program, more accurate motion could be expressed. This definition can also be applied to an animation movie or other graphical motion expression for more realistic expression.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.263-273
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• 2002

This paper presents desirable water environmental management to a closed watershed. In order to obtain spatially distributed environmental information, GIS data have been used. Elevation data are used to extract stream channels automatically and to divide networks of a watershed. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been developed, validated, and adopted to estimate the runoff of total nitrogen pollutant from watershed. This GIS-linked model can be applied effectively to the watersheds with many sub-streams, and for the estimation of pollutant runoff considering land use change.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.5 s.112
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• pp.371-380
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• 2005

The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate aㅜd compare maxillary arch dimensional and positional changes between first and second premolar extraction groups. The Calorific Machine was used to illustrate tooth movement in three dimensions. The experimental teeth except the first or second premolars were embedded in artifical alveolar bone. The extraction space was closed using arch wires with bull loops into which 15 degree gable bends were placed. Before and after space closure, radiographs were taken in the sagittal and occlusal directions using occlusal films. The results showed greater mean maxillary incisor retraction and less anchorage loss in the maxillary first premolar extraction group than in the maxillary second premolar extraction group. Mesiopalatal rotation of anchor teeth was greater after extraction of a maxillary second premolar than a maxillary first premolar (P<.001).

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04c
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• pp.392-394
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• 2003

연관 규칙 마이닝은 일반적으로 않은 빈발항목집합과 연관 규칙을 생성하며, 생성된 연관 규칙은 상호 포함관계에 있거나 중복되는 경우가 많다. 이는 효과적인 마이닝 뿐 아니라 마이닝의 활용 효용성을 떨어뜨린다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 연관 규칙 마이닝과 동일한 성능을 가지며 생성되는 규칙의 수를 줄일 수 있는 빈발 폐쇄 항목집합 마이닝이 제안되었다. 본 연구에서는 연관규칙 마이닝 방법 중 가장 우수한 성능을 가지는 ARCS 알고리즘을 개선한 빈발 폐쇄 항목집단 마이닝을 제안한다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.744-752
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• 2006

사이버 공간이 현실 생활의 일부분으로 통합되어가고 사이버 공간에서의 대인간 의사소통이 보편적인 현상으로 나타남에 따라 사이버 공간에서의 의사소통과 경험 그리고 그것의 영향력에 대한 논의는 그 동안 많이 있어왔다. 그러나 기존의 연구들은 사용자의 행동 특성에 따라 사이버 공간에서의 활동과 영향력, 그리고 그 의미가 달라진다는 점을 간과하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 동일한 커뮤니케이션 공간인 싸이월드도 그것에 부여하는 가치와 의미는 사람마다 다르고 따라서 행동도 다를 것이라는 가정하에, 싸이월드에서 나타나는 다양한 이용행동과 활동들을 유형으로 분류하고 그 유형에 따라 싸이월드에서의 의사소통 패턴과 경험, 활동에서의 차이를 살펴보고자 했다. 사전 연구로 진행되었던 사용자 인터뷰를 통해 정리된 행동문항을 전체 설문을 통해 분석한 결과 싸이월드에서 보이는 개인의 행동적 특성을 의미하는 5 개 요인(적극성.몰입, 낯선 사람과의 연결과 정보 추구, 사생활 보호, 단순한 연락 수단, 폐쇄성)이 확인되었고, 이렇게 추출된 행동 요인을 토대로 싸이월드에서 나타나는 3 개의 행동 유형(적극적 활용형, 폐쇄적. 다이어리 추구형, 새로운 관계.정보 추구형)이 구분되었다. 행동 요인의 차이로 표현되는 3 개의 행동 유형에 따른 싸이월드에서의 의사소통 패턴과 싸이월드에서의 활동 그리고 싸이월드 경험에 대한 평가를 분석한 결과 행동 유형간에 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 동일한 싸이월드라는 공간이 사용자가 추구하는 가치와 목적에 따라 각기 다른 공간으로 기능하고 있음을 보여주었다는 데에 의의가 있으며, 가치의 차이로 나타나는 행동 유형에 따라 싸이월드에서 소통하는 대상과 방식이 달라지고 경험의 의미 또한 달라질 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.3 s.122
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• pp.192-203
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• 2007

Objective: The aim of this study was assessment of the relationship between airway space and facial morphology in Class III children with nasal obstruction. Methods: For this study, 100 Class III children (50 boys and 50 girls) were chosen. All subjects were refered to ENT, due to nasal obstruction. Airway space measurements and facial morphology measurements were measured on lateral cephalometric radiograph. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between airway space and facial morphology Results: Ramal height, SNA, SNB, PFH, FHR and facial plane angle were positively related to upper PAS, and sum of saddle angle, articular angle, and genial angle, SN-GoGn, Y-axis to SN and FMA negatively related to upper PAS. Genial angle, FMA were positively related to lower PAS, and articular angle, facial depth, PFH and FHR negatively related to lower PAS. PCBL, ramal height, Mn. body length, Mn. body length to ACBL, facial depth, facial length, PFH and AFH were positively related to tonsil size. Sum of saddle angle, articular angle, genial angle, facial length, AFH, FMA and LFH were positively related to tongue gap, and IMPA and overbite was negatively related to tongue gap. Upper PAS, related to size of adenoid tissue, was mainly related to posterior facial dimension following a vertical growth pattern of face and mandibular rotation. Lower PAS and tonsil size, related to anterior-posterior tongue base position, were significantly related to each other. Lower PAS was related to growth pattern of mandible, and tonsil size was related to size of mandible and horizontal growth pattern of face. Tongue gap was related to anterior facial dimension following a vertical growth pattern of face. Conclusion: Significant relationship exists between airway space and facial morphology.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.407-420
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to compare the differences in closing extraction spaces between maxillary first premolar and second premolar extractions using 3-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Maxillary artificial teeth were selected according to Wheeler's dental anatomy. The size and shape of each tooth, bracket and archwire were made from captured real images by a 3D laser scanner and FEA was performed with a 10-noded tetrahedron. A $10^{\circ}$ gable bend was placed behind the bull loop on a $0.017"{\times}0.025"$ archwire. The extraction space was then closed through 12 repeated activating processes for each 2mm of space. Results and Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the retraction of anterior teeth was less for the second premolar extraction than for the first premolar extraction. The anterior teeth showed a controlled tipping movement with slight extrusion, and the posterior teeth showed a mesial-in rotational movement. For the second premolar extraction, buccal movement of posterior teeth was highly increased.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.6 s.113
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• pp.451-458
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• 2005

Cephalometric superimposition is unable to evaluate tooth movement along the occlusal plane and the errors of photographing and superimposition of the occlusogram is also inevitable. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the rotational movements of the maxillary posterior teeth following space closure after extraction of maxillary first premolars. using 3D dental images. In 19 adult females. analysis of rotational movements of the maxillary posterior teeth was performed between the initial and final 3D dental images superimposed on the maxillary hard palate. The results showed a diversity of rotational movements of posterior teeth. The causes of various rotational movements may be different rotation of molars in each case at the beginning of treatment. individual characters of the dental arch and tooth morphology. The results of the study indicate that accurate evaluation of rotational movements of posterior teeth following space closure after extraction of premolars using 3D dental images can be obtained through the subdivision of tooth movement during the initial aligning, space closure and finishing stages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2007.09a
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• pp.425-430
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• 2007

유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅은 공간의 형상화, 공간변화 인식 고도화 및 증강현실 등의 기술을 통하여 가상의 공간에서 수행한 결과가 실시간으로 현실 세계에 반영되며 또한 현실 세계의 변화는 실시간으로 가상공간에 반영되는 제3공간을 만든다. 한편 관제시스템은 센서를 통하여 현장을 파악하고 제어할 수 있는 시스템으로서 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅이 제공하는 제3공간에 가장 근접한 시스템이지만 시스템의 폐쇄성 및 강결합도에 의해 사용자의 접근이 힘들며 협업, 복합관제, 하부인프라의 공유 등이 힘들다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 웹서비스, SOA(Service Oriented Architecture) 및 BPMS(Business Process Management System)에 기반을 둔 유비쿼터스 관제모델을 제안하였다.