• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2012

Two different feed(bran and swine feed) effect was tested on development of Tenebrio molitor at $25{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, $65{\pm}10%RH$. There was no significant feed effect on larval developmental periods(80.0 ~ 83.7 days), pupal length (18.1 ~ 18.7 mm) and fecundity(44.3 ~ 55.3 eggs) during first two days. However, fecundity was significantly affected by the pupal weight(P < 0.05), such that the number of eggs 172.3, 191.2, 215.0 gradually increased as pupal weight rose from 0.12 g, 0.15 g to 0.18 g, respectively. During the first two weeks of oviposition was 51.8%, which gradually decreased for further days. Longevity was $27.1{\pm}6.9$, $30.1{\pm}7.8$, $27.4{\pm}8.5$ days with increasing pupal weight of 0.12, 0.15, 0.18 g, respectively. Larval densities of 100, 300, 500 and 700 individuals reared in the container ($16{\times}21.5{\times}7cm$) resulted 67.9% of the T. molitor pupation during first three weeks. Pupal weight was decreased $146.9{\pm}6.5$, $142.1{\pm}8.3$, $122.0{\pm}9.6$, $118.5{\pm}5.2mg$ when it was reared at different larval densities of 100, 300, 500 and 700 individuals, respectively in size of($16{\times}21.5{\times}7cm$) rearing container.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.515-533
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• 2021

Based on the supply location, demand location, and transportation network, aggregate supply-demand characteristics and aggregate distribution status were analyzed from the results of the closest distance, service areas, and location-allocation scenarios using GIS network analysis. As a result, it was found that the average transport distance of aggregates from the supplier was 6 km on average, the average range of 7 km for sand, and 10 km for gravel was found to reach the destination. In particular, the simulated service area covers about 92% in Seoul-Gyeonggi Province, 85% in Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam Province, and more than 90% in Daejeon-Sejong-Chungnam Province. These results have a significant implication in quantitatively interpreting primary data on aggregate supply-demand. Furthermore, these results suggest the possibility of a wide-area quantitative analysis of aggregate supply regions necessary for establishing a basic aggregate plan. The results also evaluated by the site-allocation scenario show that aggregate supply may be possible through companies less than 200 with large-amounts quarries, which is the 700 companies currently supplying small amounts of aggregates on the country. Therefore, in terms of distribution of aggregates, a policy approach is needed to form an appropriate market for regions with high and low density of aggregate supply services, and the necessity of regional distribution and re-evaluation is suggested through an aggregate supply analysis demand across the country. Furthermore, in analyzing the supply-demand network for the aggregate market, additional research is needed to establish long-term policies for the aggregate industry and related industries.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.841-855
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to estimate the available potential heat source for heat pump in the district heating supply area in the city. Unused energy potentials were estimated and integrated based on open source based data. In particular, geographical spatial analysis of recoverable heat energy density and heat demand in the heat source area of large retailers and public sauna facilities in the DH network located in the southern part of the metropolitan area (Pyeongtaek-si) was conducted. As a result of the study, the DH network area had a total potential energy of 1,741.7 toe/year for the two heat sources of large retailers and public saunas. It is estimated that 1,006.9 toe/year, which is 57.8% of the total, can be linked to the district heating. The large retailers showed a positive correlation with the floor area and energy use of 0.4937. The recoverable energy intensity was estimated to be $0.0017toe/m^2$ per unit area and $0.0069tCO_2/m^2$ for greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, public saunas were analyzed by comparing the empirical case with the theoretical calculation, and it was estimated that energy conservation estimate of 80% was $0.0315toe/m^2$ per bath area and $0.1183tCO_2/m^2$ for greenhouse gas emissions. The total potential energy amount of this area was positively correlated with the heat demand of apartment house by administrative district, and it was confirmed that it had a relatively high potential energy especially in traffic and commercial center.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.596-608
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• 2018

As urban infrastructure is aging, the possibility of accidents due to the failures or breakdowns of infrastructure increases. Especially, aging underground infrastructures like sewer pipes, waterworks, and subway have a potential to cause an urban ground sink. Urban ground sink is defined just as a local and erratic collapse occurred by underground cavity due to soil erosion or soil loss, which is separated from a sinkhole in soluble bedrock such as limestone. The conventional measurements such as differential settlement gauge, inclinometer or earth pressure gauge have a shortcoming just to provide point measurements with short coverage. Therefore, these methods are not adequate for monitoring of an erratic subsidence caused by underground cavity due to soil erosion or soil loss which occurring at unspecified time and location. Therefore, an alternative technology is required to detect a change of underground physical condition in real time. In this study, the feasibility of a novel magnetic resonance based monitoring method is investigated through laboratory tests, where the changes of path loss (S21) were measured under various testing conditions: media including air, water, and soil, resonant frequency, impedance, and distances between transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX). Theoretically, the transfer characteristic of magnetic field is known to be independent of the density of the medium. However, the results of the test showed the meaningful differences in the path loss (S21) under the different conditions of medium. And it is found that the reflection coefficient showed the more distinct differences over the testing conditions than the path loss. In particular, input reflection coefficient (S11) is more distinguishable than output reflection coefficient (S22).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.991-999
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• 2018

In urban areas, the proportion of railway traffic in public transport is increasing. The congestion situation is repeated as the passengers concentrate on station and transfer facilities and the inconvenience of the passengers is increasing in terms of safety and convenience. Therefore, the importance of estimating the appropriate area of the station has been emphasized. The area estimation formula used in the metropolitan railway stations currently is a partial modification of the area estimation formula of Japan in the 1970s. It does not reflect changes in the social and cultural environment and patterns of passengers. The technical basis for major decision variables is insufficient. Therefore, the theoretical basis of the area estimation formula and the pedestrian environment satisfaction of the design guideline of metropolitan railway stations were analyzed in order to suggest improvement formula. The improved area estimation formula was verified by conducting field surveys on 5 stations of metropolitan railways and 15 stations of urban railways. The existing area estimation formula is LOS E grade for the main space. However, the LOS D grade is implemented when the improved area estimation formula is applied. Based on the results, the design factors for the area estimation formula are suggested.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2019

This study investigated and analyzed the rise and fall trend of enrolled students during the recent 30 years with the subject of 607 elementary schools in 11 Education Support Centers (25 Gu-districts) in Seoul to provide the basic data related to establishing the school accommodation plan of the Seoul Education Office. In particular, the study focuses on the 53 small schools in Seoul and examines whether a correlation exists between the 8 factors of the school accommodation plan and the increasing and decreasing of enrolled student numbers. First, 'school establishment policy' should not be a short-term therapy but a long-term and predictable sustainable policy. Second, among the eight factors, there seems to be a very high correlation between the 'aged low-rise house districts' and 'spatially isolated areas'. Third, 'close-packed apartment complexes' and 'rental apartment complexes' are also highly correlated. Fourth, the planning factors such as 'joint school districts, the reconstruction of apartment complexes and the connection to commercial districts' seem to be correlated to some degree. Therefore, further studies are needed to overcome these problems.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.167-182
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate temporal and spatial distribution of macrobenthic community and elucidate effects of environmental factors on change of community structure in an intertidal flat, Hakseong-ri, Boryeong, Korea. Field surveys were seasonally conducted to collect samples of sediment and macrobenthos using can core in triplicate at nine stations in 2016 and 2017. Our results showed that sediment had high mud content (above 60%) in most samples and mean content of loss on ignition was 2.3% in 2016. A total of 79 species was collected in the study site during the study period. Mean density and biomass were 611 ind./m² and 64.1 gWWt/m², respectively. Heteromastus filiformis was the dominant species (48.6%, 297 ind./m²) followed by Macrophthalmus japonicus (10.1%, 62 ind./m²) and Upogebia major (6.9%, 42 ind./m²). Three assembly groups resulted from cluster analysis were more distinguished by interaction between organisms and frequency of dominant species than by physical and chemical environment characteristics. In addition, macrobenthic community in the Hakseong intertidal flat showed seasonal changes based on non metric multidimensional scaling using species abundance.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2021

It is important to evaluate the fracture network in a rock volume because fractures control the ground conditions and fluid flow characteristics. Therefore, various attempts have been made to quantify fracture networks to better understand ground and flow conditions. The use of fracture density alone (a quantitative parameter based on geometric analysis) does not fully explain the evolution of fracture networks, or quantify the spatial relationship (e.g. connectivity) of fractures in a rock mass. Therefore, the need for fracture network characterization based on topological analysis has recently emerged. In Korea however, the topological analysis of fracture networks within a rock mass has rarely been studied. As such, the definition of the topological analysis of fracture networks and the graph theory related to the topological analysis are briefly summarized in this study. We also introduce an application method for these analyses to fracture characterization. If the topological method is used for the analysis of fracture networks, it can also be adopted to analyze fluid flow characteristics of groundwater, characterize petroleum reservoirs, and analyze the evolution of a fracture network. In addition, topological analysis can be useful for site selection of major facilities such as nuclear waste disposal sites because it can be used to evaluate the stability of the potential sites.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2021

The populations of Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) cause serious economic damages in local apple orchards. However, there was no study to manage its populations with environment friendly tactics. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze its attraction effects of one of R. pedestris aggregation pheromone compounds, (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3hexenoate (E2HZ3H), to its parasitoids, Ooencyrtus nezarae (Ishii) and Gryon japonicum (Ashmead). This compound did not increase the number of these two parasitoids and change its spatial distribution. However, this compound could attract two parasitoids within limited distance. These results indicates that one compound of R. pedestris aggregation pheromone, E2HZ3H, could be a good candidate to manage R. pedestris populations in conditions that its populations locally occurs in apple orchards.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.547-553
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• 2020

As aging infrastructures increase along with time, the efficient maintenance becomes more significant and accurate responses from the sensors are pre-requisite. Among various responses, strain is commonly used to detect damage such as crack and fatigue. Optical fiber sensor is one of the promising sensing techniques to measure strains with high-durability, immunity for electrical noise, long transmission distance. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is a point sensor to measure the strain based on reflected signals from the grating, while Brillouin Optic Correlation Domain Analysis (BOCDA) is a distributed sensor to measure the strain along with the optical fiber based on scattering signals. Although the FBG provides the signal with high accuracy and reproducibility, the number of sensing points is limited. On the other hand, the BOCDA can measure a quasi-continuous strain along with the optical fiber. However, the measured signals from BOCDA have low accuracy and reproducibility. This paper proposed a multi-fidelity data-fusion method based on Gaussian Process Regression to improve the fidelity of the strain distribution by fusing the advantages of both systems. The proposed method was evaluated by laboratory test. The result shows that the proposed method is promising to improve the fidelity of the strain.