• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.83-101
• /
• 2004

This study investigated the effects of social presence as means of self-awareness and interpersonal-awareness on the cyber-aggressive behavior. The cyber-aggressive behavior (flaming and direct aggression use of character) should be differ from existence of social presence and type of social presence of internet users. To test hypothesis, an experiment was executed a field study on cyberspace, an on-line game, "fortress 2 blue forever". I made a chat-room in the game site to conduct an experiment to 107 person who entered the chat-room and blinded ignorance of this situation made by researchers. As the subjects enter the chat-room, he chats with 3 researchers who were waiting before he gets in. The social presence was operated with 3 phases by the contents of the chat (①control group; nothing, ②experimental group 1; reaction about other people ③experimental group 2; reaction about other people + self-exposure by an exchange information of their home region). The studies show that, subjects of the control group behaved more aggressively than other subjects of the experimental groups(both flaming and direct aggression use of character). Meantime, I compared experimental group 1 with experimental group 2 to investigate difference between the type of social presence. As the result, subjects of the experimental group 1 behaved more aggressively than experimental group 2 (only flaming, there's no difference in direct aggression use of character).

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.436-451
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to prove that a tourism is not a personal act but a social product, through the examination of 'disciplinary power' existing in Vietnam package tour. The results are summarized as follows: A tour guide, together with the tourist agency, was the agent of the tourism. He exercised power by using surveillance, punishment, partition, and so on. Tourists were the target at first as they were under surveillance of the guide. However, they became self-regulatory actors, which is so called 'modern tourists' in this paper, by learning and internalizing how to be empowered. In this way, a tourist was transformed into the agent of the tourism finally. Power was not owned either by a guide or a tourist, rather it existed as guide tourist relations. Power was not restricted to a specific tourism destination but it existed in all destinations. In addition, power was not repressive but productive in a sense that tourists became self-regulatory actors. This kind of power is so called 'disciplinary power.'

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.40 no.3 s.108
• /
• pp.321-334
• /
• 2005

This study aims to calculate reasonable carving capacity of the Gwangneung area and to review its tourism policies from the perspective of the tourist's demands. According to the analysis results, The socio-psychological carrying capacity by targeted intervals of time is generally underestimated and less than desired. Parking lots followed by stores and then roads are the biggest issues weighing down the area's carving capacity Also, another finding shows that the physical carrying capacity, analyzed based on area use, is estimated for 600 tourists and 130 cars. This study recommends following that Gwangneung establish various tour programs linking its cultural and historical sites to forest and ecological resources. Further to this, Gwangneung might be better off exerting efforts to developing environmental education programs and training more cultural and ecological guides. The findings necessitate that should be made off limits to cars, and instead servicing the area with shuttle buses. Management offices can also be classrooms used for cultural, historical and ecological education and exhibitions. Other findings suggest an expansion of convenience facilities such as more potable water stations, benches, resting areas and a continued monitoring of tourism activities in the area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.137-146
• /
• 2001

Route selection needs the analysis function of GSIS to analyze and manipulate a lot of spatial information efficiently. Therefore, it needs the linkage of system requiring the knowledge and the experience of experts as a method that can estimate each quantitative route for an efficient route selection. In this study, the route selection model through construction and analysis procedure of position information using GSIS were presented, and route selection system linked with expert system was developed. This system is easy to be used and managed for presenting route alignment according to conditions as a graphic user interface environmental window system by applying three tiers based object-oriented method. Using GSIS, the various information required for route selections in database was constructed, the characteristics of subject area by executing three-dimensional terrain analysis was grasped effectively, and the control point through buffering, overlay and location operation was extracted. Three alternative routes between a beginning point and an end point inputted by route selection system were selected. Therefore, the applications of the route selection system are presented by applying this system to the real study area.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.68-87
• /
• 1996

This paper investigates spatio-temporal changes in the international system of linkages among multinational corporate domestic decision-making centers and their overseas subsidiary centers for the period 1974-1991. During this period advances in information technologies and an ever increasing interdependent world economy have permitted the globalization of resource transfers, production techniques, service provision and financial transactions. Based on a network theory of internationalization, the study idenifies the dispersion of multinational control centers and the diversification of their linkage patterns. These tendencies are led by small and medium sized quaternary places as well as the rapid growth of service industries. Corporate headquarters cease to be tied together to big corporate and governmental centers but will disperse over time at global, national and regional level. Using information statistics, this paper confirms the dispersion patterns of capital flows and diversification of multinational control linkages. With an increasing trend toward a multicentric world system and the associated diecline of the global hegemony of a small number of largest cities, multinational control linkages should continue to disperse.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.183-201
• /
• 2022

Estimating the implicit value of housing assets is a very important task for participants in the housing market. Until now, such estimations were usually carried out using multiple regression analysis based on the inherent characteristics of the estate. However, in this paper, we examine the estimation capabilities of the Artificial Neural Network(ANN) and its 'Deep Learning' faculty. To make use of the strength of the neural network model, which allows the recognition of patterns in data by modeling non-linear and complex relationships between variables, this study utilizes geographic coordinates (i.e. longitudinal/latitudinal points) as the locational factor of housing prices. Specifically, we built a dataset including structural and spatiotemporal factors based on the hedonic price model and compared the estimation performance of the models with and without geographic coordinate variables. The results show that high estimation performance can be achieved in ANN by explaining the spatial effect on housing prices through the geographic location.

• Journal of Science Education
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.193-206
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the consistent presentation of illustrations about the aligning direction of the Axis on the middle school students' acquisition and retention of astronomical concepts. This study was taken using the nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design on 116 7th middle school subjects. The same teaching and learning activities were given to both the experimental (n=59) and control groups (n=57) through three lessons. The experimental group was given a consistent presentation of the illustrations about the aligning direction of the Axis, while the control group was given an inconsistent presentation of the same illustrations about aligning direction. Two days after the three lessons, the 1st posttest was administered to compare the statistical difference of mean of both groups, using ANCOVA test. The result of ANCOVA test implicated that the consistent presentation of the illustrations about the aligning direction of the Axis had a positive influence on the experimental group's acquisition of the concepts. The 2nd posttest result for retention effect was given two month later by one-paired t-Test in each group and showed that the method had a positive effect on the experimental group, compared with control group. The results of this study implicated that paying careful attention to using the consistent illustration is highly beneficial for students' meaningful learning on astronomical concepts.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.533-540
• /
• 2005

This study investigated the effects of drawing and writing as methods to assist students in connecting and integrating multiple external representations provided in learning the particulate nature of matter. Seventh graders (N=224) at a coed middle school were assigned to a control group, a drawing group, and a writing group. The students were taught about "Boyle's Law" and "Charles's Law" for two class periods. Students observed macroscopic phenomena through experiments. After this observation, students in the control group learned the topic with both external visual and verbal representations simultaneously. Students in the drawing group drew their mental model from the external verbal representation provided, and then compared their drawing with external visual representation. Students in the writing group wrote their mental model from the external visual representation provided, and then compared their writing to the external verbal representation. The two-way ANCOVA results revealed that the scores of a conception test for the writing group were significantly higher than those for the control group. While the drawing group performed better than the control group, the difference is relatively smaller. There were no significant interactions between the instruction and spatial visualization ability in the scores of the conception test. Most students perceived the writing or drawing activities helpful in understanding the concepts, and a few students responded that the writing or drawing activity was interesting. Educational implications were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.159-234
• /
• 2005

As so clearly have been demonstrated in the Gulf War and Iraq Freedom Fight, along with the civilian space exploration and development, the 'militarization' of aerospace technology and the 'battlefield-worthiness' of space are becoming more and more at issue. Korean peninsula, the last major theatre where the 4 world powers' national interests stand face to face, no doubt is in dire need for understanding and organizing necessary legislations for establishing national security from any space threats, such as satellite imaging, as well as countering against such threats. Compare to United States, Japan and China that have already declared the national security as the purpose of the space development, and equipped themselves with necessary legislations, Korea's legislations fall short of fully appreciating and effectively responding to the significance of military use of outer space and its control. This article will review legislations of leading countries' of space law and space technologies from two different perspectives. After briefly summarizing the problems of Korea's current legislations, particularly with the National Space Development Act (proposal), drafted by Ministry of Science and Technology, in mind, this article reviews and offers certain legislative directions to which Korea should pursuel for national security of outer space.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.109-131
• /
• 2013

It is expected that expanded use of smartphone and enhanced information technology will enable smartwork to change individuals and organizations. Smartwork is expected to allow people to perform their roles without barriers of time and space. However, people tend not to accept and actively utilize smartwork. The present study is to examine how important flexibility-willingness is for performance outcome in the context of smartwork. It was hypothesized that flexibility-willingness mediates between perceived smartwork usefulness and work-family conflict. It was also hypothesized based on technology acceptance model that task interdependence and process control moderates the relationship between flexibility-willingness and work-family conflict because the relationship is not consistent. The results show that the mediation effect of the flexibility-willingness is statistically significant. The moderator effects of task interdependence was marginal proved but process control wasn't. From these results, we discussed the theoretical implications of findings, limitations, suggestions for future research in discussion.