• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.358-374
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• 2008

This study examines whether and how ages of child affect accessibility experiences of women and men differently. Space-time accessibility measures based on Time-geographic framework with activity-travel diary datasets in Portland Metro, US were calculated using GIS-based geocomputation, and spatial-temporal patterns of accessibility of dual-earner couples by ages of their youngest child were compared. The results are as follows. (1) Although more women than men work part-time, which would render women more spatial-temporal autonomy, accessibility levels of women are not higher than men's. It implies that there exists another constraint placed on women which largely stems from gender inequality. (2) It is distinctively women with child under age 6 of which accessibility spaces are found to be restricted doser to home compared to men. Women with no child or with child aged over 6, however, show more or less similar spatial-temporal patterns of accessibility with men's which are quite unvarying regardless of parental status and their child age. Women's accessibility experiences characterized by spatial-temporal entrapment, thus, can be seen as problems associated with gender rather than sex. (3) Intensified spatial-temporal entrapment of women with young child are associated with the significant spatial pegs shaping their accessibility spaces, which are located much closer to home compared to men's: workplaces and child's daycare centers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.67-87
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• 2021

Public library accessibility directly affects library usage, and the disproportionate distribution of accessibility is a decisive factor limiting the equitable provision of library services. In this regard, this study analyzed the spatial accessibility of public libraries in Busan and identified the factors affecting accessibility of public libraries using spatial regression analysis. As a results of the analysis, the accessibility of public libraries in the Busan showed large deviations by region. Also, spatial distribution of public libraries had no correlation with the settled population and use of public transportation, and location of public libraries was inefficient, in terms of social equity. The results of this study will assist to understand the spatial accessibility of public libraries in Busan, to identify factors that affect the accessibility. Moreover, this study is expected to be utilized as fundamental data for releasing disparities of the spatial accessibility and selecting new location of public library in Busan.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.5 s.110
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• pp.514-532
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to critically examine conventional spatial measures of individual accessibility, which are based on the notion of spatial proximity, the single reference location, and the unlinked travel model. Using space-time accessibility measures with the travel-activity diary data set of Portland Metro, US, three expectations from spatial measures on spatial patterns of individual accessibility were empirically examined: (1) does individual accessibility decrease with an increase of distance from the CBD?; (2) does the spatial pattern of accessibility resemble that of urban opportunity density pattern?; and (3) are spatial patterns of individual accessibility of different socio- demographic population groups basically similar as people in the same area share the same geographic characteristics regardless of gender, race, age, and so on? First of all, the results showed that spatial variations in individual accessibility were not directly determined by spatial proximity and opportunity density as suggested by previous accessibility measures. The spatial pattern of individual accessibility was dramatically different from that of urban opportunity density High peaks of accessibility level were found far away from the CBD and regional centers. This finding might be associated with the importance of multi-reference locations and linked travels in shaping accessibility in reality. Furthermore, this study found that spatial patterns of accessibility clearly differ between men and women. These findings suggest that access requires more than proximity, and that the interaction between person-specific space-time constraints and the consequential availability of urban opportunities in space-time renders different accessibility experiences to people even in the same region, which would be one of the key ingredients missing from conventional spatial measures of accessibility.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.137-153
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• 2010

The issue of spatial equity in public healthcare services is an important issue in rural areas with lower healthcare resources. This study investigates spatial accessibility to public healthcare services by public transport, focusing on bus travel in Yeoju-gun, Gyeonggi-do. We comprehensively analyzed the spatial patterns of accessibility using the measures based on spatial interaction, and compared them with the accessibility patterns by car travel. As a result of analysis, the spatial disparity between the central part of Yeoju-gun (lower accessibility) and its peripheries (higher accessibility) was identified. More specifically, the area and population of lower accessibility areas are greater than those of higher accessibility areas, and the difference in the accessibility values between higher and lower accessible areas is considerably large. Moreover, the accessibility patterns appears somewhat different according to two different travel modes. In particular, about 20% of the entire area presented the opposite patterns between two travel modes. Interestingly, less populated peripheral areas are more included in higher accessible areas by car.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.149-166
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to produce time-distance cartograms based on the various Korean transportation networks, and to analyze the spatial structure of time-distance accessibilities. For the purpose this study attempts to develop continuous area cartogram by utilizing Wolf's algorithm for creating contiguous cartogram in ArcGIS 9. The absolute physical space was transformed to the functional space indexed by time-distances along various transportation networks in Korea. We examined the differences in the time-distance accessibilities among transportation networks. This study makes a comparison between the spatial structure of time-distance accessibility of KTX network with them of existing railroad network, as well as with them of road network. In order to clarify the spatial structures of time-distance accessibilities, we restructured them on the time-distance circular diagrams and performing Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis. Overall structure of time-distance accessibilities shows similar patterns: The time distances are shrinked a lot along the Seoul-Busan axis, while coastal parts, in particular the eastern part of the county, are shrinked relatively little via all transportation networks. The Road network affects significantly on the accessibilities of cities in Gangwon-do and Gyeonggi-do, while railway network affects on the accessibilities of cities in Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do in general. When we compared the time-distance accessibilities based on the 5 largest cities, Seoul appears as the most accessible city from/to all other cities in Korea. We can also find significant changes in the time-distance accessibility between KTX network and existing railroad network. Cities along the KTX network, in particular cities which has KTX stops, improved significantly in time-distance accessibilities.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.137-149
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• 1998

It is likely that the spatial structure of the intraurban accessibility as well as the accessibility value of each of the nodes in the subway network is affected by the addition of new linkages. The changes in the accessibility at individual nodes also affect the accessibility in the surrounding areas at some distances away from the nodes. Graph-theoretic algorithms have been developed as a proper measurement scheme for the nodal accessibility in tracked transport networks such as subway networks. However, the graph-theoretic measurements have limitations to estimate the spatial diffusion effect on the surrounding areas. This study proposes a new model for the spatial diffusion effect estimation of nodal accessibility increment in the subway network toward the surrounding areas. Since the distance decay trend of subway station use reflect the spatial diffusion effect of the accessibility of subway station toward the surrounding area. The model is deduced from the subway station use density function which is formulated by the questionnaire survey data.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.57-62
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• 2019

공간서비스 그룹을 구성하는 업체들이 공간이라는 서비스를 제공하면서 사용자의 이용목적과 생애주기에 맞춘 용도로 그 사업모델을 구축하고 있다. 이와 같이 공간대여 서비스는 효율적이고 생산적인 학습효과를 제공하며, 스터디 센터와 스마트 워크에 초점을 많은 업체들이 등장하고 있는 실정이다. 하지만 공간대여 서비스와 소비자의 일치성에 관한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 공간대여 서비스에 대한 개념을 분석하여 공간에 대한 접근성, 내부환경요인, 서비스 내의 시설이 시설 만족도에 미치는 영향과 소비자의 자아이미지 일치성, 기능적 일치성, 가치 일치성이 고객만족에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 마지막으로 시설만족도와 고객만족이 이용공간에 대한 애호도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 공간대여 서비스의 구성요소인 접근성, 내부환경요인, 서비스내의 시설과 시설 만족도와의 인과관계에 대한 실증 연구결과를 요약하면 접근성과 서비스내의 시설은 시설만족도에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만 내부환경요인은 시설만족도에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.32-39
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• 2010

수도권의 도시화 과정은 서울로의 교통 접근성의 변화에 따라 급속하게 확산되었고, 현재도 진행 중이다. 도시화 과정 속에 인구 교외화, 주택 수의 증가, 도심용지 토지이용 증대, 토지가격의 증가 등의 다양한 공간적 변화가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 급속한 도시화의 과정 속에 국토의 난개발이 이루어졌고 자연생태 파괴, 주택부족 및 교통 문제, 토지 투기 등의 사회적 문제를 야기했다. 본 연구에서는 도시화 현황을 살펴보고 교통접근성의 변화에 따른 주변 토지이용 변화의 상관성을 분석하였다 상관성 분석 결과를 토대로 멀티 에이전트 시스템(MAS)을 이용하여 교통접근성과 토지이용 에이전트 간 상호작용의 관점에서 시뮬레이션 하였다. 그래서 교통접근성의 변화로 인한 주변 토지 이용 변화를 공간적으로 예측하려고 한다. 도시화 현황을 살펴보기 위해서 지적도 자료를 이용하여 미시적인 경관 분석을 실시한 후 교통접근성의 변화에 따른 주변 토지이용 변화의 상관성을 분석하기 위해 교통자료와 토지이용 자료를 GIS분석 및 통계 분석하였다. 그리고 상관성 분석 결과를 멀티 에이전트 시스템 전용 플랫폼에 적용하여 시뮬레이션 분석을 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.808-834
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• 2007

This study attempts to elucidate manifold dimensions of gendered accessibility experiences. How gender roles(household responsibilities) differentiate accessibility experiences between women and men is explored through the comparison of married dual-earner couples' parental status, using the US Portland activity-travel diary dataset with GIS-based geocomputation results of(time-geography based) space-time accessibility. First, this study shows how gender division of labor within the household still permeates current society, despite the widespread belief of the social change toward a gender-egalitarian society. Then, the study pays special attention to the way gender roles structure individual accessibility experiences of women and men differently, and, in turn, the way such accessibility experiences take a form of gendered spatiality. Gendered spatiality is examined through the analysis of accessibility space as well as activity space in order to ascertain women's home-attached and spatially entrapped characteristics. More household responsibilities throughout a day and, even more, the time constraint of picking up children at the daycare centers after work lead women's possible activity space to be more home-centered. The analysis of the spatio-temporal context of accessibility space makes gendered spatiality visible. However, the findings suggest that behavioral outcomes should be understood with an explicit awareness of constraints individuals face. It is because the revealed activity spaces can be not only an outcome of constraint but also an outcome of choice. Behavioral outcomes should not be treated as a straightforward expression of the level of constraints. It is problematic to expect that behavioral outcomes directly mirror the level of constraints. It is also problematic to suppose that the level of constraints can be straightforwardly elicited from revealed behavioral outcomes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.18-20
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• 2000

공간 데이터베이스를 권한이 없는 사용자의 접근, 고의적인 파괴 혹은 우발적인 사고로부터 보호하기 위하여 공간 데이터베이스에 대한 보안정책의 수용이 필요하다. 보안등급의 적용 단위는 필드, 객체, 레이어 단위의 방법이 있으며, 객체 단위의 보안등급 적용은 인접한 객체의 위상관계에 의한 정보 유출의 문제점이 있고, 레이어 단위 보안등급의 적용은 공간 객체에 대한 사용자의 접근성을 저하시키는 문제를 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 공간 객체에 대한 사용자의 접근성을 향상시키기 위하여 타일 단위의 접근제어 기법을 제안한다. 타일 단위 접근제어 기법은 보안등급 적용 단위를 타일(Tile)로 하며 레이어, 지도의 보안등급은 하위 수준인 타일과 레이어에 부여된 보안등급의 최하위 등급으로 각각 설정한다. 제안한 기법의 구현을 위해 타일의 구조와 스키마를 정의하고, 보안 유지를 위한 연산 제약사항을 기술한다. 연산 제약 사항은 기본적으로 BLP의 속성을 따르고, 상위 등급 객체에 대한 수정 방지와 하위 등급 객체에 대한 수정 허용을 위해서 BLP 속성을 확정한다. 제안된 기법은 레이어 단위의 접근제어 기법에서 발생하는 문제점을 해결하여 객체에 대한 사용자의 접근성을 향상시키며 인접한 객체 사이의 위상관계에 의한 정보의 유출을 방지한다.