• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.253-277
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• 2015

When was launched in 2014, it was immediately ranked 2nd in English gross sales record in the first half of 2014, attracting huge attention from avid game users. Colin Moriarty(2014) states that the worldwide popular game, , lies on the alternative history assumption, 'what if Nazi Germany won the second world war? In regard to this, this research addresses how the characteristics of alternative history was adopted and visually represented in FPS game trailer. In terms of research method, firstly, literatures will be reviewed about definition of alternative history and some of the previous examples where alternative history was applied in novels, films and games. Secondly, narrative composition of alternative history is categorized as three sequential phases, (1) borrowing real history material, (2) connection between real and fictional history and (3) reconstruction of history through reinterpretation. Thirdly, the live-action game trailer will be analysed by three sequential phases of narrative composition, and CG game character and background will be analysed by spatial background, characters and props. The phase of 'borrowing' has used the historic images related to the World War II, and the phase of "connection' has composited by "connection through circumstantial events". The phase of 'reconstruction' has unfolded its fictional narrative in the form of "limited fictional history" In addition to this, has constructed dystopia world through composing of historic images and CG characters by SF design. In the light of this, the narrative composition of alternative history successfully extends to game area.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.88-89
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• 2010

최근 인간의 활동범위와 영역이 확대되고 산업이 발전하면서 인간의 삶과 지속가능한 발전 등 도시 기후에 관한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 산업혁명 이후 도시화와 산업화로 인해 인구가 증가하고 도시지역으로 집중됨으로써 도시 열섬화 현상에 대한 도시환경문제가 부각되고 있다. 이는 최근까지도 도시개발에 있어서 기능과 효율성이 우선시 되어 도시기후에 대한 배려가 이루어지지 못하고 있으며, 오히려 과도한 냉난방을 가동하는 등 쾌적한 실내 환경 조성을 위한 노력만을 행해왔다. 도시화에 따른 도시의 열환경 구조의 변화는 토지이용의 변화에 따른 피복상태와 밀접한 관련이 있다는 연구들이 수행된 바 있다. 이렇듯 도시화가 진행됨에 따라서 도심 지표면을 덮고 있는 포장재도 변하고 있다. 대표적인 토지피복재로는 콘크리트와 아스팔트 등의 인공포장재, 수계, 삼림 등으로 크게 나누어 볼 수 있다. 최근 도심의 발달로 인해 도심의 표면은 점차 인공포장재인 아스팔트와 콘크리트로 덮여지고 있다. 인공포장재는 맑은 여름철 낮에 받아들인 열을 야간에도 머금고 있어 도시열섬현상의 주요원인이 된다. 도시화가 진행됨에 따라 토지이용형태가 변화하고 있으며 이러한 토지피복의 변화는 그 지역의 기온과 풍향, 풍속뿐만 아니라 지표온도도 변화시키므로 도시 열환경 구조에 적지 않은 영향을 미치고 있다. 과거에는 자연 환경과 도시공간에 대한 인식이 다른 분야로 나누어져서 다루었지만 현재 위성영상 기술의 발달로 많은 공간 정보를 파악할 수 있게 된 바 도시기후변화에 더욱 직접적이고 근본적인 접근이 쉬워졌다. 원격탐사기법의 활용은 위성자료를 이용하여 동시간대 평면적인 열구조를 정량적으로 파악하는데에 중요한 자료를 제공하여 도시지역을 덮고 있는 인공자재의 존재가 도시열섬의 형성과 밀접하게 연관이 있다는 사실을 짐작할 수 있다. 따라서 도시기후변화의 문제점을 더욱 적극적으로 해결하기 위해서는 토지이용에 따른 지표면 온도 상승의 현황을 파악하고 이를 저감 시킬 수 있는 대책들이 수립되어야 한다. 본 연구는 보다 세분화된 도시 열환경을 정량적으로 분석 평가하기 위해서 토지피복별 분류를 3가지로 대구시 중구 경북대학교 부속 고등학교(이하 사대부고 지점)를 도심지역으로, 경상남도 창녕군 창녕읍 우포늪(이하 우포지점)을 수계지점으로, 경상북도 안동시 길안면 만음리(이하 안동지점) 지점과 대구시 칠곡군 동명면 득명리 팔공산 한티재 도립공원(이하 팔공지점)을 산림으로 분류하여 연구하였다. 대구 계명대학교 기후환경연구실에서 보유하고 있는 AWS(Automatic Weather Station) 자료로 기상요소를 분석하였으며, MODIS Terra 위성영상을 이용하여 지표온도를 추출하고 분석하였다. 또 기상요소와 지표온도를 이용해 회귀식을 도출하여 추정기온을 산출하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 계절에 따른 기온의 시간변화는 여름의 평균기온이 $25.13^{\circ}C$와 $24.12^{\circ}C$로 사대지점과 우포지점의 평균기온이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이는 도심에서 발생되는 인공열의 영향으로, 우포지점은 수계의 특징이 반영된 결과라 할 수 있다. 둘째, 계절에 따른 풍속의 시간변화는 여름의 경우 우포지점의 풍속이 1.63m/s로 가장 높은 반면 안동지점의 풍속이 0.27m/s로 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 겨울의 경우 팔공지점의 풍속이 1.82m/s로 가장 높게 나타났다. 토지피복에 따른 지표면의 변화가 도시기후에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하고, 또 지표면 온도와 기온과의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 MODIS 위성 영상을 이용하여 세 지점을 대상으로 토지피복에 따른 열환경을 평가 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, MODIS 위성영상을 이용하여 산출한 지표면 온도는 여름철 주간에 안동지점의 경우 주변지역에 비해 지표면 온도가 약 $26^{\circ}C$로 낮게 나타났으며 우포지점의 경우 수계가 가지는 열 완충능력으로 약 $27^{\circ}C$의 낮은 지표면 온도를 나타내었다. 사대지점의 경우 약 $34^{\circ}C$이상의 높은 지표면 온도를 나타내었다. 둘째, MODIS 위성영상을 이용하여 산출한 지표면 온도와 관측된 기온과의 회귀식을 도출하여 상관분석 한 결과, 모든 지점의 값에서 상관성 및 신뢰도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 상관분석의 결과를 통하여 추정한 기온은 지표면 온도와의 차이가 있지만 유사한 패턴의 결과로 추출되었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 도시의 인공자재를 이용한 건축과 개발이 도시열섬현상을 유발하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 논문의 연구결과를 바탕으로 도시계획에 있어서 인공구조물에 의한 기온과 풍속이 받는 영향을 고려하여 도심의 인공구조물의 배치나 자재에 대한 개발이 이루어져야 할 것이며 열교환의 방해 및 바람순환이 확보되는 구조로 개선되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.14-22
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• 2012

The position, size and landscape of the former Donam SeoWon as well as the physical organization of the old site, are studied to extract data for the enhancement of the authenticity of Donam SeoWon since its registration as a world heritage site. The results are as follows. The 'Donam(豚巖)' encaved rock, the tombstone of teacher Sagye(沙溪), Kimjipsadang(金集祠堂), the head of the Gwangsan Kim family, the Sagye stream in front of them, and the Gyeryong and Daedun mountains in the distance are united in the former Donam SeoWon as landscape elements that clearly show the characteristics of the former site, which was called 'Donam-Wollim(豚巖園林).' Moreover Yangseongdangsipyoung(養性堂十詠), adds the garden elements of a medical herb field, twins pond, a bamboo forest, a school, and a peach field. On this site, one can also engage in activities that are related to the land and are closely related to Neo-Confucianism such as fish watching, conferencing, visit in seclusion(訪隱), looking for monks, and overseeing farming. The former site facing east is assumed to have Sau(祠宇) - Eungdodang(凝道堂) - Ipdeokmum(入德門) - Sanangru(山仰樓: estimated). Jeonsacheong seems to have been located to the left of the Sau area, Yangseongdang, which contained upper and lower twin lotus ponds, on the right and was surrounded by various plants. As it has been used as a lecture hall for the past 250 years, the former Donam SeoWon, located 1.8km away from the current area, must be preserved, and the landscape should be formed to establish the authenticity of Donam SeoWon.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.261-272
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• 2006

As we cannot think of our lives without a nation, it is closely related to almost every part of our daily lives. The role of government is becoming more important in the complex modern society as an essential element of national authority even though the government has indirect and secondary characteristics in its functional performance. Therefore, the government has to be efficient in planning and executing its policies, and it needs to be representative and fair as part of a national authoritative community. In the 21st century when symbolic and cultural importance of images are becoming more important, it is crucial for the government organizations to have an integrated identity design system that can satisfy both of these requirements of the government. However, the C.I.(Corporate Identity) of each Korean administrative branch has been developed separately and sporadically, which resulted in lack of consistency as part of the government. Shape and material of their C.I.s that follow short term design trend and popularity also lack uniqueness which can be distinguished from those of any private corporation. This may show that our government lacks systematic administrative capability, since image of a feature represents its characteristics and reality, and their recognition and evaluation from others become identity of the feature. In this perspective, the purpose of this thesis is to suggest an identity design system that has certain rules and regularity with wide variety of possible alterations for the central administration in Korea. In order to represent this visually, identity design system with both integrity and variety of possible alteration is created based on traditional Korean culture, especially the concept of Umyang-ohaeng and Samjae.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.60-71
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• 2014

In this study, on the assumption that the urban park originally is imbued with a public welfare ideology, said public welfare ideology and its characteristics were attended to among the various social roles that the urban park currently fulfills. Aspects of welfare meaning in urban parks were attempted to be identified with the former history of urban parks and the movements of the connections between modern parks and welfare territories. The ideologies, benefits and practices regarding the welfare role that the urban park has played from the past to the present were examined and the backgrounds and contexts within which the welfare ideologies have been expressed in the urban park were examined. In order to examine the implicated public welfare ideologies of the urban park, case studies were conducted to identify how they are expressed and practiced in the present times and the facilitation of these parks and public welfare both in the U.S. and the South Korea. The study results of the cases show that expressions of public welfare in urban parks are composed of more specific and visible programs and strategies in the present times, which are different from the simple proclamatory ways in the past. Particularly, in order to visibly practice a public welfare ideology, many-sided integrated designs are conducted along with various public welfare institutions and programs inside and outside of the urban park. The conclusions from this study are as follows. First, the urban park plays a role as a space to realize public welfare ideology, to create welfare benefits and to realize social welfare. Modern urban parks are used as an indicator to measure the actual conditions of social welfare and are a social environmental commodity that can offer universal benefits to urban residents. Second, many-sided integrated designs are tried along with various public welfare institutions at urban parks, which visibly practice public welfare ideologies in the present. In addition, public welfare institutions greatly influence the consistent development of the resources in the urban park. Third, if the detailed utilization of the regional facilities infrastructure could be brought along with multidimensional approaches about the resources in the urban park, it could be much closer to the lives of residents and could secure a space for increasing resident quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.33-48
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• 2017

The purpose of this research was to analyze the contents of housing teaching learning studies in Home Economics of secondary schools since 2001. The 22 research, drawn from the database 'riss4u', were analyzed in terms of general information of the paper (studied institution & year, implementation & evaluation, subject of study & size) and specific contents of teaching learning plans (theme, curricula & textbooks, methode & # of lessons, resources). The results showed that most studies were reported during the 7th or the 2007 revised curricula period. All, except one doctoral dissertation, were master's theses from a few universities. In all studies, ranging from 2 to 15 lessons, teaching learning plans were implemented and evaluated in the class of the researcher while some were applied in other schools, too. The theme of the teaching learning plans varied but were concentrated on one out of two content elements and two out of six learning elements. The 2007 revised curriculum seems to be an important turning point, not only reinforcing the analyses of the curricular and textbooks in the analyzing stage but also facilitating the use of various methods for the lessons in the developing stage. Practical problem based model was the most frequently adopted, while cooperative learning and ICT served as fundamental although not always mentioned. Various teaching resources such as UCC, reading materials, PPT were developed for the teacher. Activity sheets were the most frequently used for the students, followed by reading materials. Because teaching learning is an essential core of education, teaching learning studies should be more actively conducted and the variety of subject topics, methods and resources should also be obtained by more researchers.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.423-434
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• 2009

The Arctic environment is sensitive to change of sea-ice distribution. The increase and decrease of sea ice work to an index of globe warming progress. In order to predict the progress of hereafter earth global warming, continuous monitoring regarding a change of the sea ice area in the Arctic should be performed. The remote sensing based on an artificial satellite is most effective on the North Pole. The sea ice observation using a passive microwave sensor has been continued from 1970's. The determination of sea ice extent and ice type is one of the great successes of the passive microwave imagers. In this paper, to investigate the seasonal and inter-annual variation of sea-ice distribution we used here the sea ice data from July 2002 to May 2009 around the Arctic within $60^{\circ}N$ for the AMSR-E 12.5km sea-ice concentration, a passive microwave sensor. From an early analysis of these data, the arctic sea-ice extent has been steadily decreasing at a rate of about 3.1%, accounting for about $2{\times}10^5\;km^2$, which was calculated for the sea-ice cover reaching its minimum extent at the end of each summer. It is also revealed that this trend corresponds to a decline in the multi-year ice that is affected mainly by summer sea surface and air temperature increases. The extent of younger and thinner (first-year) ice decreased to the 2007 minimum, but rapidly recovered in 2008 and 2009 due to the dramatic loss in 2007. Seasonal variations of the sea-ice extent show significant year-to-year variation in the seasons of January-March in the Barents and Labrador seas and August-October in the region from the East Siberian and Chukchi seas to the North Pole. The spatial distribution of multi-year ice (7-year old) indicates that the perennial ice fraction has rapidly shrunk recently out of the East Siberian, Laptev, and Kara seas to the high region of the Arctic within the last seven years and the Northeast Passage could become open year-round in near future.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.968-974
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• 2010

We assessed the feasibility of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) applied for the spectral processing to enhance the estimation performance quality of soil organic matters using visible-near infrared spectra and mapped their distribution via block Kriging model. Continuum-removal and $1^{st}$ derivative transform as well as Haar and Daubechies DWT were used to enhance spectral variation in terms of soil organic matter contents and those spectra were put into the PLSR (Partial Least Squares Regression) model. Estimation results using raw reflectance and transformed spectra showed similar quality with $R^2$ > 0.6 and RPD> 1.5. These values mean the approximation prediction on soil organic matter contents. The poor performance of estimation using DWT spectra might be caused by coarser approximation of DWT which not enough to express spectral variation based on soil organic matter contents. The distribution maps of soil organic matter were drawn via a spatial information model, Kriging. Organic contents of soil samples made Gaussian distribution centered at around 20 g $kg^{-1}$ and the values in the map were distributed with similar patterns. The estimated organic matter contents had similar distribution to the measured values even though some parts of estimated value map showed slightly higher. If the estimation quality is improved more, estimation model and mapping using spectroscopy may be applied in global soil mapping, soil classification, and remote sensing data analysis as a rapid and cost-effective method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.741-748
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• 2021

In this study, we evaluated image quality by changing collimator length and detector thickness using the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) simulation tool. The gamma camera based on the Cadimium Zinc Telluride (CZT) and NaI detectors is modeled. In addition the images were acquired by setting 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 cm collimator length and 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm detector thickness using point source and phantom, which is designed by each diameter (4.45, 3.80, 3.15, 2.55 mm) with 447, 382, 317, and 256 Bq. The sensitivity (cps/MBq) for point source, and signal to noise ratio (SNR) and profile for phantom at the 4.45 mm by drwan the region of interests were used for quantitative analysis. Based on the results, the sensitivity according to collimator length is 2.3 ~ 48.6 cps/MBq for CZT detector, and 1.8 ~ 43.9 cps/MBq for NaI detector. The SNR using phantom is 3.6~9.8 for CZT detector, and 2.9~9.5 for NaI detector. As the collimator length is increased, the image resolution is also improved according to profile results based on the CZT and NaI detector. In addition, the senistivity for detector thickness is 0.04 ~ 0.12 cps/MBq for CZT detector, and 0.03 ~ 0.11 cps/MBq. The SNR using phnatom is 7.3~9.8 count for CZT detector, and 5.9~9.5 for NaI detector. As the detector thickness is increased, the image resolution is decreased according to profile results based on the CZT and NaI detector due to scatter ray. In conclusion, we need to set the geometric material such as detector and collimator to acuquire suitable image quality in nuclear medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.60-70
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• 2019

Today, Deoksugung Doldam-gil, which is a well-known area in Seoul, has become a mixed place as many places reaching a critical age have been converted into parks. However, the previous research on the Deoksugung Doldam-gil was deficient in that the user, an essential variable, was not considered when assessing the place. Based on that, this study aims to analyze and interpret the perception of the places in Deoksugung Doldam-gil and to analyze factors to further enrich the place to visitors. According to the research, the representative idea of Deoksugung Doldam-gil is "the distance you want to go" and that has influencing factors, such as vehicle restrictions and the improvement of the walking environment. The analysis of classifying the variables that make up the perception of the place, physical environments, activities and meanings showed high awareness in, "streets of green (3.95)" and "stone walls of curves (3.88)." In the category of activities, "walking activities in the inner city (4.01)" and "love and romance (3.57)" were high. These results seem to reflect the spatial characteristics of the streets and the familiar image of the place were important. Five factors were extracted from the factor analysis to provide a more detailed understanding of the place perception, the correlation between each factor, and the place atmosphere of Deoksugung Doldam-gil. These factors confirmed a high correlation between 'green landscape' and 'historicity.' This can be attributed to the fact that the analysis reflects vital space, visual experience, and free walking conditions to be important, and these variables are present in urban parks. It also indicates the long-accumulated image and behavior near the site of Deoksugung Palace, including the historical and cultural heritage. It was confirmed that the factors related to the cognitive perception of Deoksugung Doldam-gil and the formation of the atmosphere of the place were strongly recognized. It found that there was a need to reflect the value and importance of 'green' in the future as culture or in the use of preservation and management related to heritage. This study presented a direction to be noted from the perspective of a user's place awareness, but considered only a fraction of the variables that affect the multidimensional sense of place and location recognition, and thus must be supplemented in the future.