• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.580-585
• /
• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of defatted soybean grits (DSG) on body lipidmetabolism with 4 weeks of feeding on a high-fat diet. The rats were divided into the following 4 groups: control group (Con), control group treated with 20% DSG (C20D), high-fat group (HF), and high-fat group treated with 20% DSG (HF20D). The plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the HF20D group than in the HF group. On the other hand, the DSG supplement resulted in a significant increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels. The DSG supplement reduced the hepatic total lipid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride contents as compared to what was observed in the HF diet groups. In addition, the fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride contents increased in the DSG treatment groups. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activities were demonstrated to be significantly lower in the HF20D group than in the HF group. These results showed that the DSG powder lowered plasma cholesterol levels, tissue lipid contents, and cholesterol accumulation in the rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.219-226
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a Scutellaria baicalensis water extract (SDWE) on lipid levels, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities on rats fed a high fat diet for 6 weeks. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats (4-weeks-old) were randomly divided into four groups: normal diet and deionized water (ND), normal diet and Scutellaria baicalensis water extract (NDS), high fat diet and deionized water (HFD), high fat diet and Scutellaria baicalensis water extract (HFDS). The food intakes were significantly lower, but the food efficiency ratios were significantly higher in the high fat diet groups than those in other groups. The level of HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio in plasma were significantly higher and AI (atherogenic index) in HFDS group was significantly lower than that in HFD group. The level of triglyceride in plasma was significantly decreased in SDWE groups. The triglyceride of liver was significantly increased in the high fat diet groups and the total cholesterol of liver in the HFDS group was significantly lower than that in the HFD group. The plasma and liver concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the NDS group were significantly lower than those in the ND group. The total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma was significantly increased in the HFDS group compared to the HFD group. The activities of SOD, catalase and GST were significantly increased in SDWE groups compared to ionized water groups. The activity of GSH-Px and the concentration of GSH in liver in the HFDS group were significantly higher than those in the HFD group. These results suggest that a supplement of SDWE on rats fed high fat diet reduce levels of lipid and lipid peroxidation in plasma and liver and improve the antioxidant defense systems.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.1679-1683
• /
• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Cheonggukjang (traditional soybean food, CK) and Cheonggukjang added with Phellinus linteus myceria (CKP) on the lipid metabolism, growth, food intake, and food efficiency ratio(FER) in adult female rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fat diet (control diet: 0.1% cholesterol, 10% Lard) for 4 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to each treatment group: control, and two kinds of CK and CKP (powders of CK and CKP as dietary protein sources). After 4 weeks of experimental diet consumption, the body weights and the uterine fat pad weights of the CK and CKP diet groups were more significantly decreased than those of the control diet group. The hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid levels were significantly lower in both the CK and CKP diet fed groups than those in the control group. The concentrations in serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased in the CK and CKP diet groups compared to those in the control group. Fecal total lipid, moisture and wet weight excretion in the CK and CKP diet groups were more increased than those in the control group. These results showed that feeding of cheonggukjang and cheonggukjang added with Phellinus linteus myceria both the triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol in serum, as well as the triglyceride and cholesterol in the livers of the rats.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.9
• /
• pp.952-958
• /
• 2014

The present study investigated the anti-obesity effects of Sparassis crispa (SC) on mice fed a high-fat (HF, 45 kcal% fat) diet. Mice were fed either a normal control diet and an HF diet or an HF diet supplemented with SC (1%, 3%, and 5%) for 12 weeks. The consumption of an HF diet compared to the NC group resulted in increases in body weight, the food efficiency ratio (FER), retroperitoneal and subcutaneous fat weights, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, fecal fat, and liver lipids. However, the administration of SC significantly decreased body weight gain, food intake, FER, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and liver lipids in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, treatment with 5% SC significantly reduced the occurrence of fatty liver deposits and steatosis, which are associated with the increased adipocyte size in mice fed an HF diet. Therefore, these results suggested that dietary supplementation with SC exerts anti-obesity effects and could be used as a functional food to control obesity.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.12
• /
• pp.1509-1515
• /
• 2013

The term lipotoxicity has been used to describe how excess lipid accumulation leads to cellular dysfunction and death in non-adipose tissues, including skeletal muscle. While lipotoxicity has been found in cultured skeletal muscle cells with high-fat feeding, the consequences of lipotoxicity in vivo are still unknown, particularly in Type-I muscle, which is metabolically affected by lipotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet on changes in the morphology and apoptotic protein expression of Type-I muscle loss in rats. The rats were fed either a high-fat diet or a normal diet for six weeks, and then lipid accumulation, inflammation response, and nucleus infiltration were measured, and PARP protein expression was cleaved by Oil Red O staining, H & E staining, and Western blot, respectively. Lipid accumulation, inflammation response, nucleus infiltration, and cleaved PARP protein expression were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the high-fat diet group than they were in the normal diet group. The weight of Type-I muscle tended to be lower in the high-fat diet group compared to the normal diet group, but the difference was not statistically significant. These results indicate that a high-fat diet triggers cell death in Type-I muscle via lipotoxicity, which suggests that a high-fat diet may be associated with sarcopenia.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.1064-1070
• /
• 2012

The current study examined the effect of turmeric powder on bile acid and UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity in rats fed a high-fat and -cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing $120{\pm}10$ g were randomly assigned to a normal diet group (N group) and a high-fat and -cholesterol diet group (HF group), which was further divided into a high-fat and high-cholesterol with a 2.5% tumeric powder supplement group (TPA group) and 5% turmeric powder-supplemented group (TPB group). Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were significantly increased in the N group as compared to the HF group, but they were significantly decreased in turmeric-supplemented groups as compared to the HF group. The total serum cholesterol and TG contents of the turmeric-supplemented groups were decreased as compared to those of the HF group. Especially, the TPB group was significantly decreased as compared to the HF group. The serum LDL-cholesterol and AI of the turmeric-supplemented groups were decreased as compared to the HF group. The hepatic triglyceride contents of all groups supplemented with the tumeric powder were significantly decreased as compared to the HF group. The hepatic UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity of the turmeric-supplemented groups was increased as compared to the HF group. In particular, the TPB group was significantly increased as compared to the HF group. The serum total bile acid contents of the turmeric-supplemented groups were increased as compared to the HF group. These results suggest that tumeric has powerful health benefits that are created via UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity, bile acid, and lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.415-422
• /
• 2009

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of grape pomace on lipid peroxidation and related enzyme activities of rats fed high fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 90 g were assigned to 4 experimental groups of 8 rats on the basis of their body weight. The high fat diet contained additional 15% lard to AIN 93-based diet. Rats were fed experimental diets containing 5% grape pomace for 4 weeks. Dietary supplementation of grape pomace reduced serum concentration of lipid peroxide in rats fed high fat diet. Hepatic concentration of lipid peroxide tended to be lower by feeding grape pomace. Hepatic total glutathione content and GSH/GSSG ratio were increased by grape pomace feeding in normal or high fat diet groups. Hepatic superoxide dismutase activity of grape pomace group with high fat diet was induced significantly compared with high fat diet group without grape pomace. Hepatic catalase activity of high fat fed rats was induced by feeding grape pomace. Grape pomace diet increased glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat liver fed high fat. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity was not affected by dietary supplementation of grape pomace in rats fed high fat. These results suggest that dietary supplementation of grape pomace may alleviate lipid peroxidation through antioxidant effect in rats fed high fat.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.263-270
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary supplementation of fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus (HE) mushroom on lipid profiles of serum and histological changes of the liver in rats with high fat and cholesterol diet. Five-week old female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were divided into three groups of 8 rats each: The normal control diet (NC group), high fat and cholesterol diet (HFC group), and HFC diet supplemented with 5% fruiting powder of Hericium erinaceus (HFC+HE group). In the HFC+HE group, serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and triglyceride concentrations were significantly reduced compared with the NC group. Body weight gain of those in the HFC+HE group were lower than those in the HFC group; whereas HFC+HE had no effect on the levels of plasma albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, glucose, and total protein. The enzyme activities related to the liver function, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were lower in the NC group than in the HFC group, but without significance. Feeding the mushroom increased the excretion of total lipid and cholesterol. A histopathological analysis showed that the those in the HFC group developed hepatic steatosis, whereas those in the HFC+HE group developed small fat droplet. In conclusion, these results suggest that 5% HE supplementation to HFC diet provided health benefits by acting on lowering atherogenic lipid profile in rats with high fat and cholesterol diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.307-314
• /
• 2013

Resveratrol (RSV) exerts several beneficial effects on metabolism and metaflammation-related diseases, including diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether RSV affects pathophysiology of diabetes and NAFLD as well as hepatic autophagy in a rodent model of diet induced obesity (DIO). DIO was induced in a subset of C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat (HF, 45% kcal fat) diet. After six weeks of HF diet treatment, RSV (8 mg/kg/day) was administered via an osmotic pump for a period of four weeks. Therefore, the experimental groups were as follows: 1) lean control (CON), 2) HF diet-induced obese control (HF), and 3) HF_RSV. Body weight and food intake were monitored daily. Fasting glucose, insulin, and adiponectin in serum and lipid profiles in serum and liver were analyzed. In addition, the autophagic process was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Body weight and food intake were not affected by RSV treatment. Impaired glucose control accompanied by DIO was recovered with RSV as shown by lower levels of fasting serum glucose and insulin when compared with HF obese controls. In addition, RSV treatment resulted in increased levels of serum adiponectin, however, indices of lipid profile in serum and livers were reduced. Results of TEM analysis showed that a HF diet induced excessive autophagy with the presence of double-membrane autophagosomes, which was ameliorated by RSV. The regulatory effect of RSV on autophagy was confirmed by the altered LC3-II formation, which increased with a HF diet and was decreased by RSV treatment. These results suggest that RSV treatment improves glucose control and lipid profile and these beneficial effects may be mediated by an altered autophagic process.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.806-811
• /
• 2005

Effects of green tea-soybean paste on weight-changes and serum lipid profiles in rats fed high fat diet were investigated. Sprague-Barley male rats divided into five groups were fed five different diets for 10 weeks: B group, basal diet H group, high fat-diet containing 0.5% cholesterol+15% lard H-S group, high fat diet containing soybean paste H-0.6GS group, high fat diet containing 0.6% green tea-soybean paste H-4GS group, high fat diet containing 4% green tea-soybean paste. H group showed highest weight gain (p<0.05). Addition of green-tea soybean paste to high-fat diet significantly decreased weight gain, H-4GS group showing highest weight loss (p<0.05). No significant differences in food efficiency ratio and total food intake were found among groups. Liver weight of H group was highest. Addition of green tea-soybean paste to high fat diet significantly reduced liver weight (p<0.05, Table 2). Concentrations of glucose, uric acid, bilirubin, and total protein were similar among all group. Mean GPT values of H-4GS group were significantly different from these of H- and H-S groups (p<0.05). H-S, H-0.6GS, and H-4GS groups had significantly lower triglyceride and total cholesterol, and higher HDL than H-group (p<0,05). H-4GS group had significantly lower serum triglyceride than H-0.6GS group (p<0.05).