• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.403-411
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• 2021

While there is no apparent gender difference on the number of game players and playing time in market survey especially if the age group is under 30, there still exists a strong gender stereotype on female characters with sexual objectification especially in team based battle games. Furthermore, there seldom exists any research on female gamers in this genre. In this paper, we investigate the preference of female characters and reasons of their choice among female gamers with Overwatch and Cypers which are recognized as having enough female players. In Overwatch with 231 responses, subjects prefer 'girl-crush' characters such as non-sexual Ana who age is in 60s. However, in Cypers that does not have female warrior character, subjects' preference is more affected by appearance but those characters with less functional ability are not frequently used in playing. Such practical avatar choice is often discovered among male players thus there is no gender difference in this case.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2022

Gyeongsangnam-do has been operating Bravo-taxi, a Gyeongnam-type DRT using taxi vehicles, since 2017 to guarantee the right of mobility for residents who live in areas lacking public transportation. This research investigated and analyzed changes in users' awareness over two years from beginning of Bravo-taxi operation in Gyeongsangnam-do, which started operating Bravo-taxis in 2017, targeting sites lacking public transportation. Through this study, the positive effects of taxi-type DRT were confirmed, such as improving the mobility of residents in areas underprivileged by public transportation, reducing required time for trips, and increasing preference for Bravo-taxis compared to existing buses. On the other hand, problems with the current Bravo-taxi system were also identified. In some areas, it was found that there were not enough coupons for Bravo-taxis, or in the case of Bravo-taxis operating at fixed times, the user's desired time and operating time did not match, resulting in lower satisfaction. The results of this research are expected to be utilized as basic data for service continuity of taxi-type DRT in operation by other local governments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.91-99
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• 2022

By applying METHOD 514.8 of the US military standard MIL-STD-810H, vibration analysis of the winding core automatic feeding device was performed during vehicle transportation. The contact point between the LM guide and main support frame was weak in the vertical axis, transverse axis, and longitudinal axis during the transportation of the automatic winding core feeder vehicle, and the maximum equivalent stress was 236.31 MPa in the longitudinal axis. When random vibration was applied, the safety margin in the longitudinal direction was 0.26, indicating low safety. The safety margin was changed by increasing the damage factor to 0.1. Finally, the safety margin was improved to 3.48 to secure safety. Resonance occurred with a Q factor of 9.34 in the harmonic response to which the RMS value of the ASD data was input, and the vertical axis safety margin was derived as 0.16. When the damping factor was 0.15, the Q factor was 3.37, and resonance was avoided with a safety margin of 6.62.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2023

According to the results of a survey of pilots, 92% or 230 out of 252 respondents said they had experienced flight errors during flight. As so many pilots are experiencing Spatial Disorientation, and this is one of the main causes of aircraft accidents and loss of life, so it is important to understand accurately. However, in Korea, training equipment for fixed-wing pilots has already been developed and trained, or recently developed, and some equipment for helicopter pilots is available in the Korea Air Force, but there is no environment for helicopter pilots to receive training in Spatial Disorientation prevention. Therefore, we intend to produce a helicopter-only simulator, present a program to prevent possible Spatial Disorientation during flights for helicopter pilots, and propose legal and institutional measures based on future training data.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2023

In this paper, we present the analysis results on the vibration serviceability of a pedestrian bridge considering the effect of pedestrian moving mass inertia. Using dynamic finite element analysis, we considered different walking scenarios, including pedestrian density, walking speed, random walking, and synchronized walking, to analyze the acceleration response of a 40m long single-span bridge with a steel composite box cross section. We showed that the equivalent fixed mass analysis method did not significantly differ from the moving mass analysis in the random walk scenario and a wider frequency excitation band may be useful to consider when evaluating vibration serviceability in a random walk scenario.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1C
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• pp.31-40
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• 2008

This study presents the assessment of pseudostatic approach for obtaining the internal response of Single Column/Shaft subjected to earthquake loading. In numerical procedure, various lateral load transfer characteristics (p-y curve and Bi-linear curve) were used to model the nonlinear behavior of soil reactions including soil-pile interaction. The analysis using nonlinear soil model could estimate the seismic performance of soil-pile system, despite its relative simplicity. It was found that lateral behavior of single column/shaft obtained from the response displacement method was larger than those by seismic intensity method. To investigate the effects of soil-pile rigidity and pile head condition on the internal pile response, parametric studies were carried out for various soil models. The results from numerical analysis showed that lateral deflection was decreased with fixed condition of pile head and decreasing the soil-pile rigidity. The seismic analysis using Bi-linear model of JRA could reasonably predict the lateral behavior of Single Column/Shaft.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.859-863
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• 2023

In this study, simple and portable radiation detection system using X-ray intensifying screen, optical sensor and micro-controller unit for education was proposed. The system was simply composed of detection unit consisting of an optical sensor and intensifying screen, micro-controller unit, and was designed to be suitable for portable. Radiation was measured using developed detection system and absorbed dose dosimeter with changing tube voltage from 50 to 100 kVp. The tube current and SDD were fixed on 100 mAs and 100 cm, and dose were measured repeated ten times at each tube voltage. The response and linearity of the detection system were confirmed using the measured values. It was confirmed that the comparison measurement results of the detection system and absorbed dose dosimeter showed a high correlation(r : 0.998, p<.001). In this results, the feasibility of the detection system with intensifying screen and micro-controller unit based was confirmed, and we considered that the developed detection system could be applied to portable, compact, low cost system for education.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.229-242
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the influence of shift work on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and perceived errors during nursing work among hospital nurses. Methods: The study subjects were 209 hospital nurses working in two general hospitals in South Korea. The data were collected through self-administered questionnaires in May 2013. Sleep quality was measured using Korea Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-K), daytime sleepiness was measured using Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and perceived errors in past 6 months during nursing duty hours with the tool developed in this study. Results: The sleep quality was significantly worse among rotating shift nurses when compared to fixed day duty nurses. However, the odds ratio (OR) of 1.92 [95% confidence interval(CI): 0.58-6.37] adjusted for sociodemographic variables, health behaviors, and working environment in logistic regression was not significant. There was no significant difference in the daytime sleepiness between rotating shift nurses and fixed day duty nurses in both simple and multivariable analyses. There were significantly more perceived errors in rotating shift nurses than fixed day duty nurses. However, the OR of 1.26 (95% CI: 0.38-4.21) adjusted for sociodemographic variables, health behaviors, working environment, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness in logistic regression was not significant. Depression (OR=3.31, 95% CI: 1.11-9.84) and daytime sleepiness(OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.07-1.30) were significantly associated with perceived errors in logistic regression. Conclusion: This study suggested shift work among hospital nurses had no independent influence of sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and perceived errors. However, daytime sleepiness had independent influence of perceived errors. More studies are warranted to achieve more reliable conclusion.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2015

A bond-based peridynamic model has been shown to be capable of analyzing many of dynamic brittle fracture phenomena. However, there have been issued limitations on handling constitutive models of various materials. Especially, it assumes bonds act independently of each other, so that Poisson's ratio for 3D model is fixed as 1/4 as well as taking only account the bond stretching results in a volume change not a shear change. In this paper a state-based peridynamic model of dynamic brittle fracture is presented. The state-based peridynamic model is a generalized peridynamic model that is able to directly use a constitutive model from the standard theory. It permits the response of a material at a point to depend collectively on the deformation of all bonds connected to the point. Thus, the volume and shear changes of the material can be reproduced by the state-based peridynamic theory. For a linearly elastic solid, a plane stress model is introduced and the damage model suitable for the state-based peridynamic model is discussed. Through a convergence study under decreasing the peridynamic nonlocal region($\delta$-convergence), the dynamic fracture model is verified. It is also shown that the state-based peridynamic model is reliable for modeling dynamic crack propagatoin.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1A
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Along with the development of coasts, islands and mountains, the demand of long-span bridges increases which, in turn, brings forth the construction of cable-supported bridges like suspension and cable-stayed bridges. There are various types of statically indeterminate structures widely applied that supported the main girder with stay cables, main cables, hanger cables with aesthetic structural appearance. As to the cable-supported bridges, the health monitoring of a bridge can be identified by measuring tension force on cable repeatedly. The tension force on cable is measured either by direct measurement of stress of cable using load cell or hydraulic jack, or by vibration method estimating tension force using cable shape and measured dynamic characteristics. In this study, a method to estimate dynamic characteristics of hanger cables by using a digital image processing is suggested. Digital images are acquired by a portable digital camcorder, which is the sensor to remotely measure dynamic responses considering convenient and economical aspects for use. A digital image correlation(DIC) technique is applied for digital image processing, and an image transform function(ITF) to correct the geometric distortion induced from the deformed images is used to estimate subpixel. And, the correction of motion of vision-based measurement system using a fixed object in an image without installing additional sensor can be enhanced the resolution of dynamic responses and modal frequencies of hanger cables.