• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2012

Various biceps tenodesis techniques being used, make it difficult to compare the result of reports. First, the biceps tenodesis could be classified according to being performed by open incision or by the arthroscopic procedure. Second, it could be classified as a soft tissue and bony tenodesis according to the tissue which the long head of biceps is fixed with. Third, it could be classified as a proximal and distal tenodesis according to the location which the long head of biceps is fixed with. Fourth, it could be classified according to the implant (interference screw, suture anchor, knotless suture anchor). A decision should be suspended until an appropriate strength of tenodesis is revealed.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2008

The goal of rotator cuff repairs is to achieve high initial fixation strength, minimize gap formation, maintain mechanical stability under cyclic loading and optimize the biology of the tendon-bone interface until the cuff heals biologically to the bone. Single row repairs are least successful in restoring the footprint of the rotator cuff and are most susceptible to gap formation. Double row repairs have an improved load to failure and minimal gap formation. Transosseous equivalent repairs (suture bridge technique) have the highest ultimate load and resistance to shear and rotational forces and the lowest gap formation. Even though the superior advantages of double row and transosseous equivalent repairs, those techniques take longer surgical time and are more expensive than single row repairs. Therefore single row repairs can be useful in bursal side partial thickness or small size full thickess rotator cuff tear.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1141-1145
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• 2014

When the stator windings of 3 phase induction motors are in wrong condition, the mutual inductive responses between windings can be utilized for the purpose of diagnosing motors in that fault windings affect even the responses by DC excitation. Three phase induction motors are supposed to generate consistent inductive voltages at the remaining windings when exciting DC current is given to one of 3 windings, while the inconsistence of their voltages indicates the existence of disorder at electric motors. This study describes how the exciting current to one of three windings cause the other windings to create induced voltages, analyzing responses by transfer functions, and discloses whether or not the balance relation at two windings is normal in the way of measuring the differential voltage of their outputs. For experiment, common analog multi-testers is used for applying exciting current and measuring the output signal to confirm whether the proposed method is useful enough to be able to discriminate wrong polarities of windings onboard vessels including also the case of exciting current by AC.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the important Parameters of the Pedicle screw by estimating the mechanical characteristics of screws under static and dynamic loads. Methodology for estimating Parameters under static load was proposed. It was also shown that the fatigue life of the one-level system could be increased by changing the shape of screws. Load parameters of the single pedicle screw were friction force. bending moment. and holding force. The test results of the one-level system could be inferred from teat results of the sin91e screw under bending force Fatigue life of the one-level system with flexible rod was longer than that of the upper Part test without rod . Considering the drop of flexibility of the rod due to muscles and ligament, fatigue life of the one-level system could be estimated b? that of the single screw.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.304-313
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution in bone and displacement distribution of the miniscrew according to the length and number of the miniscrews used for the fixation of miniplate, and the direction of orthodontic force. Methods: Four types of finite element models were designed to show various lengths (6 mm, 4 mm) and number (3, 2) of 2 mm diameter miniscrew used for the fixation of six holes for a curvilinear miniplate. A traction force of 4 N was applied at $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ to an imaginary axis connecting the two most distal unfixed holes of the miniplate. Results: The smaller the number of the miniscrew and the shorter the length of the miniscrew, the more the maximum von Mises stress in the bone and maximum displacement of the miniscrew increased. Most von Mises stress in the bone was absorbed in the cortical portion rather than in the cancellous portion. The more the angle of the applied force to the imaginary axis increased, the more the maximum von Mises stress in the bone and maximum displacement of the miniscrew increased. The maximum von Mises stress in the bone and maximum displacement of the miniscrew were measured around the most distal screw-fixed area. Condusions: The results suggest that the miniplate system should be positioned in the rigid cortical bone with 3 miniscrews of 2 mm diameter and 6 mm length, and its imaginary axis placed as parallel as possible to the direction of orthodontic force to obtain good primary stability.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.121-143
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• 2010

To investigate the effect of implant types and bone resorption on the fracture characteristics. 4 types of Osstem$^{(R)}$Implant were chosen and classified into external parallel, internal parallel, external taper, internal taper groups. Finite elements analysis was conducted with ANSYS Multi Physics software. Fatigue fracture test was performed by connecting the mold to the dynamic load fatigue testing machine with maximum load of 600N and minimum load of 60N. The entire fatigue test was performed with frequency of 14Hz and fractured specimens were observed with Hitachi S-3000 H scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In the fatigue test of 2 mm exposed implants group, Tapered type and external connected type had higher fatigue life. 2. In the fatigue test of 4 mm exposed implants group, Parallel type and external connected types had higher fatigue life. 3. The fracture patterns of all 4 mm exposed implant system appeared transversely near the dead space of the fixture. With a exposing level of 2 mm, all internally connected implant systems were fractured transversely at the platform of fixture facing the abutment. but externally connected ones were fractured at the fillet of abutment body and hexa of fixture or near the dead space of the fixture. 4. Many fatigue striations were observed near the crack initiation and propagation sites. The cleavage with facet or dimple fractures appeared at the final fracture sites. 5. Effective stress of buccal site with compressive stress is higher than that of lingual site with tensile stress, and effective stress acting on the fixture is higher than that of the abutment screw. Also, maximum effective stress acting on the parallel type fixtures is higher. It is careful to use the internal type implant system in posterior area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.309-314
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• 1998

외국의 경우, 지진활동이 활발하지 않은 지역에서 강진이 발생하고, 최근 국내의 빈번해진 지진 발생 등의 이유로 내진설계 기준의 정립 및 강화가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 교량의 내진설계는 다음과 같은 몇 가지 한계점을 가지고 있다. l) 첫째 내진구조는 짧은 고유주기로 인하여 유발되는 지진력 자체가 매우 크다. 둘째, 설계지진을 능가하는 지진 발생시 구조물이 붕괴될 가능성이 크다. 즉 내진여유도가 작다. 셋째, 내진설계는 설계지진력 이상의 지진의 발생을 완전히 배제하지 않는데, 그러한 지진발생시 지지력이 모두 고정단이 위치한 교각에 집중되어 그 교각의 받침이 파괴되어 설계개념을 상실할 가능성이 높다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.272-279
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• 1988

A pot experiment was conducted to define the effect of various soil phosphorus fractions for soybean yield and the relations of between various soil phosphorus fraction and each other in 11 upland soils with different capacities of phosphorus fixation and physico-chemical properties of soils. The effect of phosphorus fertilization was high in soils with high capacities of phosphorus fixation and low available phosphorus, and soybean yield was showed significant relationship with available phosphorus and inorganic soil phosphorus fractions. Fractional recovery of added phosphorus in soils were showed various range of 2.5-91.7%, and mean value of soils was 48.5%. In the relationships among the soybean yield, plant phosphorus content, phosphorus uptake and available phosphorus, inoganic phosphorus at flowering stage, soybean yield were showed significant relationship with available phosphorus content, phosphorus uptake were all showed significant correlation without Fe-P, but Fe-P was showed except Jeju soil. Al-P/Fe-P ratio was increased by phosphorus fertilization in soils at flowering stage, and in the relationships between Al-P/Fe-P ratio and soybean yield, phosphorus uptake, soil and plant phosphorus were showed high significant correlation, but Fe-P was not showed at flowering stage. P sorbed by soils from P 20ppm solution was decreased by phosphorus fertilization, and then decreasing rate was higher in soils with low capacity of phosphorus fixation then high phosphorus fixing soils. Also P sorbed was showed negatively high significant correlation with available phosphorus, plant phosphorus, phosphorus uptake and soil inorganic phosphours except Fe-P, and soybean yield was not showed.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06d
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• pp.174-177
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 높은 압축률과 고음질을 제공하는 MPEG-1 Layer Ⅲ 오디오 디코더를 고정소수점 DSP인 TMS320C6201을 이용하여 실시간으로 동작하도록 구현하였다. ISO/IEC에서 제공하는 부동소수점 C 프로그램을 음질의 손실 없이 고정소수점 연산으로 변환하었고 실시간 동작을 위하여 최적화 작업을 수행하였다. 연산의 정확성을 높이기 위해서 Descaling 모듈에 중점을 두어 부동소수점 연산을 고정소수점 연산으로 변환하였고 IMDCT 모듈과 Synthesis Polyphase Filter Bank 모듈에 대해 고속 알고리즘을 적용하여 연산량과 프로그램 크기를 크게 줄일 수 있었다. 구현된 디코더는 TMS320C6201 DSP가 수행할 수 있는 최대 연산량의 26%만으로 실시간 동작이 가능하였고 부동소수점 연산 결과와 고정소수점 연산 결과를 비교하여 60 dB 이상의 높은 SNR을 가짐을 확인하였다. 또한 사운드 입출력과 호스트 통신을 통하여 EVM 보드에서 실시간으로 동작함을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.36-36
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• 1992

기니픽심장에서 유두근을 적출하여 valve 쪽은 silver wire에 연결하여 수축력을 측정하고 mural end는 sylgard floor에 pin으로 고정하여 1Hz로 자극하였다. 이때 사용된 영양액은 Tyrode Ringer로 bath내 은도는 36$^{\circ}C$이고 97% 0$_2$, 3% $CO_2$로 포화시켜 사용하였다. 수축력이 일정해진 후 막전위는 conventional electrode를 이용해서 기록하고, 세포내 $Na^{＋}$ 이온 활성도( $a_{Na}$ $^{i}$ )는 $Na^{＋}$ 선택적 전극을 이용해서 기록하였다. 적출 기니픽 심근에서 pinacidil, cromakalim, RP49356 둥의 $K^{＋}$ channel opener는 활동전위 기간(APD)과 수축력 감소을 일으켰고, pinacidil과 cromakalim에 의한 APD 감소는 glibenclamide (10 $\mu$M)에 의해 거의 억제되었다. Pinacidil, RP49356 및 cromakalim에 의한 수축력 감소시 세포내 $Na^{＋}$ 이온농도( $a_{Na}$ $^{i}$ )의 감소가 나타났으며 glibenclamide(10 $\mu$M)에 의한 APD의 감소는 거의 차단되었으나 $a_{Na}$ $^{i}$ 감소는 일부 나타났으며 이때 수축력의 감소도 나타났다.