• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 2001

Anaerobic Digestion - Thermophilic Oxic Process(ADTOP) has been known to be one way reducing and composting of organic wastes without draining or forming excess sludge. It could be completely performed by the evaporation of water using the bio-energy from the microbial degradation of organic. In the present study the complete treatment of Chinese restaurant wastes was conducted and utility of bio-energy produced from the ADTOP was estimated. Base on results, it could be concluded as follows; 1) chinese restaurant wastes could be completely treated using the TOP without draining or excess sludge. Maximum volumetric loading rate was determined as $55.0kg-garbage/m^3$. Input water was almostly evaporated and 90.5% of carboneous organic wastes was conversed to carbondioxide. 2)The optimum volumetric loading rate which is acceptable to maintain over $55^{\circ}C$ in the anaerobic digester was determined as $45kg-garbage/m^3{\cdot}d$. 3) The optimum HRT was at least over 10 days in order to maintain about $50^{\circ}C$ in the anaerobic digester using bio-energy produced from TOP. Therefore the utilization of bio-energy produced from TOP could be used in the process which had long HRT such as the anaerobic digestion. 4) The efficiency of anaerobic digester rate were over 90% by the ADTOP under the organic loading rate of $1.1kg-COD/m^3{\cdot}d$, 50kg-Chinese restaurant garbage and $250{\ell}/m^3{\cdot}min$ of the aeration rate.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 1996

The microflora changes of 10 water-controled treatments combined with livestock manures(pig, chicken) and bulking agents(sawdust, paper sludge) were investigated. The B/F values of the P-1 and C-1(65%, $H_2O$) treatments were 3571 and 5400 respectively, but those of the P-4 and C-4(50%, $H_2O$) treatments showed very low values, 667 and 334, respectively. The B/F values tended to increase with higher water content of the treatments. In the composting processes, the successions of microflora, adapting the compost environments, took place via fluctuating temperature. In the high temperature period, the numbers of mesophilic bacteria and fungi decreased, but that of the spore forming bacteria increased. However, the number of mesophilic bacteria inereased during the cold period. The B/F values of compost ranged 25-300, which indicates a decrease in the quantity of bacteria. The time required for the temperature of compost to reach $60^{\circ}C$ showed different patterns. There was no pathogenic microorganism in the treatments which reached a high temperature in a short period of time, but, in the treatments which reached a high temperature over a Long period of time, the pathgenic microorganism was not still alive.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 2021

In this study, an eco-friendly combustion process of waste 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) was developed, and fundamental data for the quantity of the organic matter in the final combustion residues is presented. Because complete combustion of TNT is not possible theoretically, the combustion process was optimized to reduce organic matter content in the combustion residue by performing measures such as heating time changes, addition of propellant material, and after treatment using a high-temp electrical furnace. From the results, it was confirmed that the organic matter content in the residue could be decreased to 7 ~ 10% with each method. The quantity of the organic matter could be minimized by optimizing the combustion conditions of the process. With only a combustion time increase, the amount of organic matter in the combustion residues was measured at about 9 wt%. The environmental friendliness of the final exhaust gas was also confirmed by real time gas component analyses. In addition, the organic contents could be reduced by a further 2 wt% by applying an additional heat treatment using an external electric furnace after the first incineration treatment. In the combustion process of propellant added waste TNT, it was found that various TNT wastes could be treated using the same eco-friendly protocols because the organic content in the residue decreased in accordance with the amount of propellant. The amount of the organic matter content produced by all these methods fulfilled the requirements under the Waste Management Act.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.439-444
• /
• 1983

Effects of temperature and soil moisture on the growth and grain-filling of two wheat cultivars were investigated. Two levels of temperature; day 3$0^{\circ}C$/night $25^{\circ}C$ and day 2$0^{\circ}C$/night 15$^{\circ}C$ and two levels of soil moisture; stressed (45-50% of F.C.) and non-5tressed (50-60% of F.C.) were imposed in the green house from heading date to the maturity and grain weight, chlorophyll content of flag leaf and leaf area index(LAI) were observed at weekly interval. Grain maturation was faster in the high temperature than those in the lower temperature. Chlorophyll content of flag leaf and LAI decreased rapidly in the high temperature and chlorophylls disappeared at the 20 days after heading. In lower temperature condition, slower decrements were shown in chlorophyll content and it remained until 45 days after heading. Grain weights in the high and optimum temperature conditions reached to maximum values at 29 days and 45 days after heading, respectively. Differences of grain weight and chlorophyll content of flag leaf were not significant between stressed and non-5tressed soil moisture condition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 1980

This experiment was carried out to study the heterosis and the GCA and SCA effects for days to heading of F 1 populations produced from eight wheat cultivar diallel. Greater heterosis for early heading was exhibited under the high temperature condition than under the low temperature conditions, and same results were also observed under short day condition rather than long day conditions. There are highly significant mean for GCA and SCA at all environmental conditions. Yecora F70 was showed the greatest effect, and Bezostaya and Blueboy were exhibited less effects of CCA for early heading. Significant GCA effect was expressed at high temperature and short day condition, indicating that this condition provides a better opportunity to select the materials for earliness. Selections of combination with greater effect of SCA for early heading such as Suweon 169 \times Yecora F70 were discussed for practical utilization.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.99-100
• /
• 2001

보일러, 소각로 등의 연소공정이나, 금속 용융과정 중에 발생하는 분진은 대부분 여과집진장치에 의해 처리된다. 이러한 연소, 금속용융 공정의 배가스는 매우 고온이기 때문에 공냉식이나 수냉식의 배가스 냉각장치를 거친 후 여과집진장치로 유입된다. 고온 배가스 냉각장치는 집진장치의 설치비를 가중시킬 뿐만 아니라 운전유지비의 상승을 초래한다. 따라서 고온에서도 집진성능을 유지할 수 있는 여과포의 개발이 요구되었고, 국외 유명 여과포 제조업체를 중심으로 고온적용 여과포 개발이 활발히 진행되어 왔다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.585-592
• /
• 2014

Mixing effect on anaerobic digestion of livestock wastewater was different results depending on the researchers have been reported. The purpose of this study was to understand application of Korea livestock waste it was necessary to determine the effect of mixing. 4 anaerobic reactors were operated mesophilic and thermophilic temperature with continuous mixing or non mixing condition, respectively. Experimental result showed If temperature was same, TCOD removal efficiency of continuous mixing reactor was 0.11-0.58% higher than non mixing reactor. Different mesophilic and thermophilic temperature, there was no significant difference of TCOD removal efficiency. Continuously mixed digester gas production was 1.7-4.6% higher than non mixed digester. In addition, mesophilic digester gas production was 29.1-32.1% higher than the thermophilic digester. It was due to the thermophilic digester believe the inhibition of ammonia. This study suggest that the optimized operation condition of anaerobic digestion for livestock wastewater treatment was mesophilic continuous mixing state.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.228-230
• /
• 2005

Sn-8wt%Zn-3wt%Bi (이하, Sn-8Zn-3Bi) 솔더의 장기 신뢰성을 평가하기 위하여 고용고습시험을 행하였다. 고온 고습 시험은 $85^{\circ}C$/85RH 조건에서 1000 시간 동안 하였다. 접합 기판으로는 각각 OSP (Organic Solderability Preservative), Sn 그리고 Ni/Au 처리를 한 PCB(Printed Circuit Board) 패드를 사용하였다. 접합에 사용한 부품은 1608Chip 으로 MLCC(Multi Layer Ceramic Capacitor 이하, 1608C) 와 Chip Resister(이하, 1608R)을 사용하였으며, 이 두 부품의 전극부위에 Sn-10wt%Pb(이하 Sn-l0PB), Sn을 각각 도금하였다. 솔더링 후 1608C 와 1608R의 전단 접합 강도와 솔더링부에서 Zn상의 변화를 관찰하였다. 측정결과, Sn-8Zn-3Bi 솔더의 초기 전단 접합 강도는 기판의 표면처리에 상관없이 약 40N 이었다. 그러나 고온 고습 시험 1000 시간 후에는 기판의 표면처리에 상관없이 약 30N 까지 감소하였다. 하지만 이는 reference인 Sn-37Pb 솔더의 강도값과 거의 유사하며, 이는 Sn-8Bi-3Zn 솔더의 고온 고습 시험 후 전단강도 특성은 기존 유연솔더와 비교하여 동등이상이라고 평가할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 1990

This study was undertaken to find out the changes of chemically modified egg albumen grl after heat treatment at $95^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes or at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. Acetylation and succinylation increased the hardness of egg albumen gel, it was rather higher at high heat treatment($120^{\circ}C$, 30min.) than at low heat treatment($95^{\circ}C$, 30min). The cohesiveness of egg albumen gel was improved remarkably by succinylation and maleylation at both low and high heat treatment. The lightness and yellowness of egg albumen gel were decreased by chemical modification. Initial heat denaturation temperature of egg albumen was increased by 11$^{\circ}C$ by acetylation, by $12.5^{\circ}C$ by maleylation and by ,$14.5^{\circ}C$ by succinylation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ventilation at high temperature on the control of powdery mildew, silverleaf whitefly two-spotted spider mite occurred at Korean melon cultivation greenhouse, and on leaf rolling and flowering of the plant in summer season. 'Alchanggul' grafted onto 'Hidden Power' rootstock was planted on soil bed with the distance of 40 cm. Three ventilation temperatures of 45℃, 40℃, and 35℃ as set points were compared. Ventilation treatment was done by control of side window operation from 18th June to 13th July when silverleaf whitefly, mite, and powdery mildew were occurred in all greenhouses. The temperature inside greenhouse was increased up to the set temperature point on sunny days and maintained for about 9 hours with high relative humidity at 45℃ condition. The differences of day maximum air temperature and day minimum RH were the highest at 45℃ treatment. After 11 days of treatments, the damage by powdery mildew and two-spotted spider mite was almost recovered at 45℃ treatment but not at 40 and 35℃. The population of silverleaf whitefly and two-spotted spider mite were significantly decreased at 45℃ treatment at 14 days after treatment, while powdery mildew symptom was not significantly decreased. Leaf rolling was observed at high temperature but not severe at 45℃ treatment. After 26 days of treatments, female flowers did not bloom at all at 45℃ treatment, and the number of male flowers was 1.2 among 15 nodes of newly grown shoots. As the result, it indicates that ventilation at the high temperature of 45℃ for about 2 to 3 weeks can be an applicable method to control above mentioned pests and disease, and to recover the vegetative growth of Korean melon by reducing flowering of the plant.