• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.27-42
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• 2016

Forest accounts for almost 64 percents of total land cover in South Korea. For inventorying, monitoring, and managing such large area of forest, application of remote sensing and geographic information system (RS/GIS) technology is essential. On the basis of spectral characteristics of satellite imagery, forest cover and tree species can be classified, and forest cover map can be prepared. Using three dimensional data of LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging), tree location and tree height can be measured, and biomass and carbon stocks can be also estimated. In addition, many indices can be extracted using reflection characteristics of land cover. For example, the level of vegetation vitality and forest degradation can be analyzed with VI (vegetation Index) and TGSI (Top Grain Soil Index), respectively. Also, pine wilt disease and o ak w ilt d isease c an b e e arly detected and controled through understanding of change in vegetation indices. RS and GIS take an important role in assessing carbon storage in climate change related projects such as A/R CDM, REDD+ as well. In the field of climate change adaptation, impact and vulnerability can be spatio-temporally assessed for national and local level with the help of spatio-temporal data of GIS. Forest growth, tree mortality, land slide, forest fire can be spatio-temporally estimated using the models in which spatio-temporal data of GIS are added as influence variables.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 1981

Survey of sesame crop in the cultivators' field in the district of Daejeon, Yuseong, Sintanjin, Nonsan and Keumsan revealed that Alternaria and Corynespora blights of sesame were wide spread and caused severe damage to sesame plants. Symptoms of a new disease of sesame in Korea caused by Alternaria sesami were spreading, dark-brown to black, water-soaked lesions which often could be traced the entire length of the stem. In severe infections, several lesions coalesced together involving a major portion of the blade and the infected leaves dried and usually dropped off. Symptoms of Corynespora blight, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, were irregular shaped, concentrically-zoned, light brown to reddish brown lesions which later coalesced and caused defoliation. Stem lesions were long, reddish brown streaks that often coalesced, blighting the plants. The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth of A. sesami and C. cassiicola were about $27^{\circ}C$ and sporulations of these 2 fungi were stimulated under alternating light and darkness. Mycelial growth and sporulation of A. sesami and C. cassiicola were the greatest on sesame oatmeal agar (SOA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA), respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

The influence of growth regulators (NAA and BA) and sucrose concentrations (0, 3, 5, 7, 9%) on in vitro rapid-propagation of virus-free sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] was investigated with single-node or shoot-tip culture of two cultivars ('Matnami' and 'Shinhwangmi'). The survival rate and growth of shoot-tip explant was also investigated under the presence or absence of light (blue and red LED = 7:3, 150±5 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD) during minimal-growth in vitro conservation at 15℃. Vine length, vine diameter, fresh weight and dry weight were enhanced without callusing of explant in the MS medium supplemented with 0.2-0.5 mg·L^-1 BA. The growth of single-node and shoot-tip explants were significantly enhanced with the increase of vine length, number of leaf, number of root, fresh weight, and dry weight in the solid medium containing 5% sucrose and 0.2 mg·L^-1 BA. Vine elongation of shoot-tip explants were highest in the liquid medium containing 3% sucrose than the solid medium. The survival rate of minimal-growth in vitro conservation was 100% in 5 months under the presence of light (LED, 150±5 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD) at 15℃, but the explants in dark condition died in 3 months. The light was absolutely necessary for the in vitro conservation under minimal-growth conditions of virus-free sweet potato plantlets at 15℃, and the high density of explants (10 plantlets per Petri Dish) was increased the efficiency of mass conservation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.694-708
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• 2007

Objectives : Jageum-Jung is used as an anti-cancer agent in oriental medicine, but the mechanism by which it induces cell death in cancer cells is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Jageum-Jung on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Methods : Various cancer cell lines including HepG2, C6 glioma, SH-SY5Y, PANC-1, and MCF-7 cells, were used. Apoptosis was determined by DAPI nuclei staining and flow cytometry in HepG2 cells treated with various concentrations (from 25 to 200 ${\mu}g/ml$) of $H_2O$ extract of Jageum-Jung (JGJ) for 48 hrs. Expression of cell cycle arrest mediators including Rb, p53, p21, cyclin B1, cdk4, and cyclin E proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. To estimate intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels and intracellular nitric oxide levels, HepG2 cells were stained with DCFH-DA dye and DAF dye, subjected on flow cytometric analysis. Results : 1. Jageum-Jung decreased the viability of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Jageum-Jung induced the catalytic activation of caspase-3 in HepG2 cells. 3. Jageum-Jung increased the intracellular hydrogen peroxide and NO in HepG2 cells. 4. Jageum-Jung increased the expression of Rb, p53 and p21 in HepG2 cells. 5. Jageum-Jung induced the expression of cyclin B1, cdk4, and cyclin E in HepG2 cells. Conclusions : Taken together, we suggest that Jageum-Jung exhibits cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells, causing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The results showed that Jageum-Jung may do so by regulating the expression of specific target molecules that promote efficient apoptotic cell death following $G_2$/M phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.20
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• pp.74-86
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• 1975

Experiments were carried out to know some physiological characters of several rice varieties such as Suweon 213-1, Suweon 214, Palkweng, Akibare and Nongbaek. In experiments, total standing crop, leaf area and total net production of dry matter were higher in the variety of Suweon 213-1 than the other varieties. RGR, NAR and CGR showed the highest at heading period of Suweon 213-1 than the other varieties. Efficiency of solar energy utilization also showed the highest through the entire growing period of Suweon 213-1. The amount of net production and dead parts could be estimated by the successive application of the productive structure.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.26 no.4 s.73
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• pp.251-255
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• 1987

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cultural methods on infection by Rhizoctonia disease(Rhizoctonia solani $K\"{u}hn$) of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Two potato cultivars, i.e., Irish Cobbler and Superior were planted in 1984 at the Alpine Experiment Station and 4 cultural methods were used in Combinations or separately. The deeper planting showed the later germination of sprout. The degree of infection on underground stems didn't show any differences between the treatments, but the yield was higher in deeper planting. When seed tubers were planted on April 28 the underground stems showed severely discolourated epidermis comparing to later planting, consequently the yield was low. The glazed chitting tubers produced healthy sprouts comparing to the untreated tubers, consequently the yield was also increased. The density of sclerotia on tuber skin was remarkably increased between 6 to 15days of delayed digging after haulm killing. Underground stems of Irish Cobbler were easily discolourated by the disease, where-as the density of sclerotia was higher on tuberskin of Superior than of Irish Cobbler.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of anaerobic fermentation of wheat bran to prevent root-knot nematodes which are infected in plastic house due to over 10 years continuous cultivation of fruits and vegetables. Anaerobic fermentation treatment of wheat bran was done for 20 days by mixture of 2,000 kg fresh wheat bran per 10 are and soil with water in 30 cm soil depth. Chemical treatment of fosthiazate was done by mixture of 6 kg soil for 7 days. Both treatments show suppression of density of rootknot nematodes, especially in anaerobic fermentation treatment. Anaerobic fermentation treatment keeps the low level of root-knot nematode density until 90 days of cultivation and also showed good effect of melon growth. Related with death percentage of melon plant, anaerobic fermentation treatment shows only 3% and also large size of quality fruit but control 65%. Anaerobic fermentation treatment of wheat bran have proved to control the level of root-knot nematodes instead of synthetic chemicals for at least one cropping season and it showed good effect to fruit quality.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1971

Tolerance test in plastic vat, pot and fold tests were carried out to investigate the selective herbicides for soybean culture in sandy loam. The soybean plants showed great tolerance against herbicides such as Tri-allate (Avadex-BW), Alachlor (Lasso), Butachlor (Machete), Propachlor (Ramrod), Nitrofen (TOK), MO, HE-314, Nitrofen/Dinoseb(TOK/DNBP), and Chlo.oxu.on (Tenoran), and the growth was normal even when each was treated with the herbicides up to 2ft3 times of the recommended concentrations. Soybean plants showed a slight tolerance against Prometryne (Gesagard), Propazine (Gegamil), Diuron (Karmex), Metabromuron (Patoran), Linuron (Lorox) and Swep when each was treated with herbicides up to 1-2 times of the recommended concentrations. Great injury or withering was noticed due to the high sensitivity of soybean to Simazine (CAT) and to Floumetron (Cotoran). In pot and field experiments with herbicides such as Butachlor (Machete), Alachlor (Lasso), Nitrofen (TOK), Kerb, Nitrofen/Dinoseb (TOK/DNBP), Swep, Linuron (Lorox), Simazine (CAT) and PCP, the following results were obtained: Great injuries were noticed with Simazine (CAT). Also, Linuron (Lorox) and Kerb showed a slight injury at early growth stage of soybean, Nitrofen (TOK) , Nitrofen/Dinoseb (TOK/DNEP), Alachlo. (Lasso), Butachlo. (Machete) and Swep had high selectivities for soybean and no injury was noticed. With respect to herbicidal effects there was a greatly significant difference between treated plots and non-treated plots with the exception of Simaaine (CAT) plot in field test. E. crusgalli and C. sanguinalis were tolerant against Simazine(CAT) and Linuron(Lorox). Cyperus and E. annuus were tolerant against Kerb. Great herbicidal effects on grasses were observed in Alachlor (Lasso) and Butachlor (Machete) plots. Among broad-leaf weeds, P. hydropiper and C. album were tolerant against Butachlor (Machete) and Alachlor (Lasso). When soybean was treated with the herbicides such as Alachlor (Lasso) (ai. 150g/10a), Butachlor (Machete) (ai. 300g/10a), Nitrofen (TOK) (ai. 250g/10a), Linuron (Lorox) (ai. 75g/10a) once after seeding, no additional wording was required till harvest.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.109-111
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• 2006

본 논문은 애니메이터로 하여금 얼굴 표정들의 공간으로부터 일련의 표정을 선택하게 함으로써 3차원 아바타의 표정을 실시간적으로 제어할 수 있도록 하기 위한 표정공간의 생성방법에 관하여 기술한다. 본 시스템에서는 약 2400여개의 얼굴 표정 프레임을 이용하여 표정공간을 구성하였다. 본 기법에서는 한 표정을 표시하는 상태표현으로 얼굴특징 점들 간의 상호거리를 표시하는 거리행렬을 사용한다. 이 거리행렬의 집합을 표정공간으로 한다. 그러나 이 표정공간은 한 표정이 다른 표정까지 이동할 때 두 표정간의 직선경로를 통해 이동할 수 있는 그런 공간이 아니다. 본 기법에서는 한 표정에서 다른 표정까지 거쳐 갈 수 있는 경로를 캡쳐된 표정 데이터로부터 근사적으로 유추한다. 우선, 각 표정상태를 표현하는 거리행렬간의 거리가 일정 값 이하인 경우 두 표정을 인접해 있다고 간주한다. 임의의 두 표정 상태가 일련의 인접표정들의 집합으로 연결되어 있으면 두 표정간에 경로가 존재한다고 간주한다. 한 표정에서 다른 표정으로 변화할 때 두 표정간의 최단경로를 통해 이동한다고 가정한다. 두 표정간의 최단거리를 구하기 위해 다이내믹 프로그래밍 기법을 이용한다. 이 거리행렬의 집합인 표정공간은 다차원 공간이다. 3차원 아바타의 얼굴 표정 제어는 애니메이터들이 표정공간을 항해할 때 실시간적으로 수행된다. 이를 도와주기 위해 표정공간을 차원 스케일링 기법을 이용하여 2차원 공간으로 가시화하였고, 애니메이터들로 하여금 본 시스템을 사용하여 실시간 표정 제어를 수행하게 했는데, 본 논문은 그 결과를 평가한다.참여하는 빈들 간의 관계를 분석하여 워크플로우에 대한 성능 측정이 가능하도록 한다. 또한 제안된 메트릭을 통하여 EJB 어플리케이션의 성능 향상을 도모할 수 있도록 한다.로 표면 위로 자라났고, 부종은 창상 밑 조직까지 감소하였으며, 육아조직은 교원질 섬유로 대체되었다. 창상 유발 21일 후, 다른 창상에 비해, HG 처치창은 유의적으로 창상 표면이 거의 재생성 상피로 덮였으며, 육아조직은 창상 유발 14일 후와 비교해서 유의적으로 교원질 섬유로 대체되었다. 위의 모든 결과에서 보듯이, 개에서 전층피부 창상의 처치 시 HG의 사용은 HC와 생리 식염수에 비해 창상치유 복구기의 치유 속도를 촉진하는 것으로 사료된다.시범학교의 자녀를 들 부모들은 환경관련문제에 대한 의식 및 환경관련 제품에 대한 구매행동의 변화가 두드러지게 나타났다.EX>$d^{2+}$ + SA처리구는 두 화합물의 이중 효과에 의해 전반적인 생리 활성을 억제하여, 결국에는 식물의 고사를 유도하는 것으로 사료된다.목에 대한 보안'이 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 솔루션 선정요인에 관한 중요도를 e-마켓플레이스의 유형과 산업 별로 평가해보았는데, 여기에서 밝혀진 중요도를 통해 e 마켓플레이스를 구축하고 자 하는 기업은 솔루션을 자체 개발하거나 구입할 때 올바른 의사결정을 할 수 있다. 그리고 솔루션을 제공하려는 기업측면에서는 e-마켓플레이스를 구축하고자 하는 기업에게 유형과 산업별로 적절한 솔루션을 제공할 수 있다.순환이 뇌대사 및 수술 후 신경학적 결과에 보다 유익한 효과를 제공해 줄 수 있음

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.292-292
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• 2009

본 연구는 유기종자 안전 생산기술 개발을 위한 효과적인 병해충 제어를 위해 대표적인 찰옥수수 품종인 미백2호와 흑미찰을 대상으로 병?해충 발생양상을 조사하였다. 2008년 유기농 찰옥수수 종자 생산지의 우점 비산포자의 종류 중Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., 및 Helminthosoprium sp.,은전 생육기간에 관찰되었다. 또한종자로부터 신초 출현 전후로 종자가 발아하지 않고 부패하거나 유묘의 시들음 증상, 심하면 고사하는 증상과 거세미나방에 의해 지재부가 절단된 전형적인 피해를 관찰할 수 있었고 발병주율은 14~6% 미만이었다. 특히, 포장내 조명나방 발생밀도는 2008년 트랩당 3.5~0.5 마리로 높게 나타났으며, 2009년 트랩당 0.5~6마리로 낮게 나타났다. 또한 피해주율은 2008년은 7.5(미백2호)~21(미흑찰)%였으며, 2009년은 1~46%로 매년 높은 피해주율을 보였으며 수확기까지 지속적으로 증가하였다. 옥수수잎마름병 (Leaf blight)의 발생 양상은 2008년도에 7%(미흑찰)~34%(미백2호)로 높게 나타났으며, 2009년은 6월18일 이후 초발생하여 발병주율이 8월 21일 (59%, 미흑찰)이후 급격히 증가하여 9월 25일이는 미흑찰 (69%)의 발병주율이 미백2호 (56%)보다 높게 나타났다. 옥수수깜부기병(Common Smut)의 발생 양상은 2008년도에 20주 중 2%~15%의 발병주율을 보였으며, 2009년은 초발생 시기가 7월17일로 2008년에 비해 17일 정도 늦추어졌으며 발병주율도 8% 미만 (9월 25일)으로 2008년에 비해 아주 낮게 나타났다. 옥수수깨씨무늬병 (Southern Leaf Spot)의 발생 양상은 2008년 20주 중 초기에 평균 11%(미흑찰)에서 증가하여 9월 19일 조사시에는 두 품종 모두 62%로 높게 나타났다. 2009년은 6월8일 이후 초발생하였으며 9월 25일까지 지속적 발병하여 약 86%의 발병 주율을 보였고 2008년에 비해 24% 이상 발병주율이 높았다.