• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 1996

Ninety-six isolates of Edwardsiella tarda recovered from outbreaks of Edwardsiellosis in cultured eels(Anguilla japonica) in Kunsan, were examined for drug susceptibility, distribution and transferabilities of R plasmid. All of the E. tarda isolates examined were sensitive to gentamicin(GM), streptomycin(SM), norfloxacin(NF), and amikacin(AK). But most isolates were resistant to sulfadimethoxine(SD, 86 strains), ampicillin(AM, 84 strains), penicillin G(PM, 80 strains), nalidixic acid (NA, 67 strains), oxytetracycline(OT, 44 strains), and oxolinic acid(OA, 37 strains). Twenty different combinations of drug resistance patterns were observed : the frequently encountered pattern was SD-AM-PM-NA-OA(16 strains), SD-AM-PM-NA(14 strains), SD-AM-PM-NA-OT-OA(12 strains), SD-AM-PM-OT(10 strains), and SD-AM-PM-NA-OT(8 strains). Transferable R plasmids were found out to be carried in 78 out of 94 resistant strains, indicating that these isolates carry conjugally transferable R plasmids associated with single or multiple drugs. The frequently observed transferarble R plasmids were AM(8 strains), AM-PM-NA(8 strains), Am-SD(6 strains), PM(6 strains), and SD(6 strains) These results suggest that high dose of various antibacterials might have already been introduced to eel culture system leading to the acquirement of multi-drug resistance to wide range of antibacterials.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.38
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• pp.153-179
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• 1999

Despite the enforcement of minimum legal drinking age of 18 years of age since 1997, alcohol experimentation among Korean youth is believed to be greater than ever before. The use of alcohol jeopardizes physical, mental, and social development during a person's formative years, thereby endangering successful transitions from adolescent to adulthood. Even infrequent use of alcohol may result in intoxication and acute consequences, especially among youth, who may have low tolerance due to their smaller body size and may lack experience with the effects of alcohol. Using self-report questionnaire data collected from 1,697 highschool students nation-wide, the drinking behavior among Korean high school students and the relation between adolescents' alcohol expectancy and adolescent alcohol use patterns were examined. Results indicated that gender and the type of school(academic or vocational) were significant effects on the drinking behavior(drinking frequency, experience of drunkenness, the amount of alcohol consumed, experience of binge drinking and that of problems due to drinking). Male students than female students, and students of vocational schools rather than those of academic high schools reported more alcohol experimentation. Also, positive alcohol expectancy proved to have a significant relation with alcohol use among high-school students. That is, students who reported to think alcohol would have a positive effect on socializing, aggressiveness, relaxation of tensions, and enforcing sexual ability tended to drink more, to experience more binge drinking and more drinking problems. Variables of gender and the type of school also were found to have significant effects on alcohol expectancy. Males and students of vocational school held ideas of positive outcomes on drinking than others. Implications for further study on developing prevention programs are presented.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.711-723
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• 2008

In this study, Hydrologic regime alterations(magnitude, magnitude and duration of annual extreme, frequency and duration of high and low pulse, rate and frequency of water condition changes, Range of Variability Approach) were analyzed by using Indicators of Hydrologic Alterations at the 11 major multi-purpose dam. The analysis result of the magnitude of monthly water conditions during drought season, inflow was $6.38m^3/sec{\sim}39.84m^3/sec$ and outflow was $20.36m^3/sec{\sim}49.43m^3/sec$, was increased $1.84%{\sim}200.98%$. The analysis result of the magnitude of monthly water conditions during flood season, inflow was from $79.06m^3/sec{\sim}137.12m^3/sec$ and outflow was from $65.32m^3/sec{\sim}80.16m^3/sec$, was decreased from $18.19%{\sim}40.39%$. The analysis result of the magnitude and duration of annual extreme, 1-day minimum was increased $82.86%{\sim}2,950%$, but 1-day maximum was decreased $34.78%{\sim}83.96%$. The analysis result of the frequency and duration of high and low pulse, low pulse count was decreased $29.67%{\sim}99.07%$ and high pulse count was also decreased $4.6%{\sim}92.35%$ after dam operation. Hydrograph rise rate was decreased $15.84%{\sim}79.31%$ and fall rate was $1.97%{\sim}107.10%$. RVA of 1-day minimum was increased $0.60{\sim}2.67$, also RVA of 1-day maximum was decreased $0.50{\sim}1.00$.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-53
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze word frequency effects on eye fixation duration in Korean reading with a one-boundary diffusion model and to show how these phenomena differ between adults (20-28yrs) and adolescents (13-14yrs). We predicted that the drift rate parameter in the boundary diffusion model would reflect the information processing of the fovea during silent reading. Through an eye movement tracking experiment while controlling word properties such as the word frequency and the age of acquisition, Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 show that the information processing pertaining to words to be placed in the fovea is connected to the drift rate of the one-boundary diffusion model parameters. In Experiment 1,in the adult group, the mean difference in the fixation time in the response proportion between the presence of high-frequency condition and low-frequency condition in the adult group was higher in quantile 0.9 than it was in the 0.1 quantile, but in the adolescent group, the mean difference in the fixation time in the response proportion between the two conditions was not significantly in the 0.9 quartile.In Experiment 2, the mean difference in the fixation time in the response proportion between early-acquired condition and late-acquired condition in both groups was also higher in the quantile 0.9 than in the 0.1 quantile. The distribution of the two conditions in the both groups was positively skewed, and the difference showed the same pattern found in the results of Ratcliff(Ratcliff & McKoon, 2008). Based on the experimental results, we propose one-boundary diffusion model as a tool to explain word property effects and individual differences in reading. In particular, we suggest that the drift rate parameter in the boundary diffusion model reflects the information processing of the fovea during reading. In addition, the results show that one-boundary diffusion model can be used to predict the aforementioned phenomena in reading.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

This study was conducted to see the differences of park users by classifying them with their park use frequency in terms of park use, management policy and perception, using the same survey results conducted in 2014 and 2020. Research was conducted on urban parks in Yangju, South Korea, and 740 in 2014 and 431 in 2000 survey results were used. After classifying the high-use and low-use groups according to park use frequency, this study compared the demographic differences and park use method differences according to the group, the recognition differences for the future park management direction between the two groups were analyzed and compared using statistical analysis by year. The results showed that the park's quantitative expansion and accessibility improvements were the most important issues in 2014, while the importance of park management, such as checking and improving aging facilities, providing various programs, and creating a themed neighborhood park that could reveal the identity of the area, was increased in 2020. Despite recognizing the importance of persistent management in the case of high-use groups, the results showed that they were less willing to participate in park management programs compared to less-use groups, which showed the need for a discussion of how to involve high-use groups for long term park management. This study contribute the body of literature that it seeks to understand differences of park user in terms of their park use frequency. However, in future studies, analyzing the differences of park users through a short-term study is required.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.247-265
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• 2021

Recently, public libraries have increased in quantity, while various problems have arisen regarding the operation of public libraries, such as lack of librarian manpower and facilities. Additionally, an increase in the number of public libraries does not correlate to an increase in the utilization of public libraries, and thus developing various services is needed to maintain the continued use of public libraries. This study examined which types of use motivations affect the intention of knowledge exchange in public libraries when using public libraries based on the self-determination theory. It also looked at how the use motivations and the intention of knowledge exchange vary depending on the frequency of public library use. According to an online survey of 230 users of public libraries, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, autonomy, competence, and relatedness as independent variables had a positive impact on the level of knowledge exchange. In addition, the higher the frequency of public library use, the higher the needs for autonomy and relatedness were. Based on the results, it was suggested that the knowledge exchange needs to be established as a new service of public libraries by offsetting extrinsic motivation that emerged from by negative influences and promoting intrinsic motivation, autonomy and competence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.42
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• pp.117-132
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• 2020

The study aimed at trying to contribute to domestic floral designers by analyzing colors' images of 60 floral designs of British floral designers, Shane Connolly and Paula Pryke, as the basis for color scheme of floral space design. The result of color analysis, Shane Connolly uses colors in the frequency of color order of the GY>Y>RP>YR>P>P>PB and Paula Pryke uses colors in the frequency of color order of the GY>RP>P>YR,Y>G>PB. The result of coordinate analysis of hue, value, chrome, Shane Connolly's works showed high frequency in the YtoGY color, the middle and high of value and the middle and high of chrome. Paula Pryke's works showed high frequency in the GY color and PtoRP color, the wide areas of the 3.8 ~9 stages of value, and the middle and high of chrome. The result of adjective image scale, Shane Connolly's works were found to be in between soft and static adjective zone, and Paula Pryke's works were distributed in between soft and active zone.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.163-175
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• 2011

Slackwater deposits are fine-grained flood sediments that deposited in areas of reduced velocity during flood period. These deposits have been used in numerous studies to estimate the magnitude and frequency of discrete flood events as the most commonly utilized PSIs (palaeostage indicators) in palaeoflood hydrology. Palaeoflood data by analysis of the slackwater deposits contribute to improve the estimation of flood-probability and reconstruct the palaeo-environment and past fluvial process. However, very few studies of these flood deposits have been carried out in Korea. Therefore, this study attempts to review the studies about slackwater deposits analysis and to investigate the characteristics, the research methods of slackwater deposits and the research-provability in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2012

Through a statistical change-point analysis, this study found that Korea landfalling tropical cyclone (TC) frequency has increased rapidly since 1981. This increase is due to the following phenomenon. When anomalous cyclone is developed in the East Asian continent, anomalous anticyclone is reinforced in the western Pacific, which is related to the eastward shift of western North Pacific high, and thus anomalous southerly is formed to Korea from low-latitudes. This anomalous southerly plays an important role as steering flow in moving TCs toward Korea. To examine the cause of the development of anomalous cyclone in the East Asian continent, this study analyzed the water equivalent of accumulated snow depth during the preceding spring (March to May). As a result, less snow depth is observed in most regions of the East Asian continent than before 1981. Therefore, anomalous cyclone in the East Asian continent in summer can be reinforced by the land heating from the preceding spring and then the steering flow of anomalous southerly that moves TCs toward Korea can be also developed to Korea from low-latitudes in summer.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.112-116
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• 2014

서답형 문항은 학생들의 종합적인 사고능력을 판단하는데 매우 유용하지만 채점할 때, 시간과 비용이 매우 많이 소요되고 채점자의 공정성을 확보해야 하는 어려움이 있다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위해 본 논문에서는 서답형 문항에 대한 자동채점 시스템을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템은 크게 언어 처리 단계와 채점 단계로 나뉜다. 첫 번째로 언어 처리 단계에서는 형태소 분석과 같은 한국어 정보처리 시스템을 이용하여 학생들의 답안을 분석한다. 두 번째로 채점 단계를 진행하는데 이 단계는 아래와 같은 순서로 진행된다. 1) 첫 번째 단계에서 분석 결과가 완전히 일치하는 답안들을 하나의 유형으로 간주하여 각 유형에 속한 답안의 빈도수가 높은 순서대로 정렬하여 인간 채점자가 고빈도 학생 답안을 수동으로 채점한다. 2) 현재까지 채점된 결과와 모범답안을 학습말뭉치로 간주하여 자질 추출 및 자질 가중치 학습을 수행한다. 3) 2)의 학습 결과를 토대로 미채점 답안들을 군집화하여 분류한다. 4) 분류된 결과 중에서 신뢰성이 높은 채점 답안에 대해서 인간 채점자가 확인하고 학습말뭉치에 추가한다. 5) 이와 같은 방법으로 미채점 답안이 존재하지 않을 때까지 반복한다. 제안된 시스템을 평가하기 위해서 2013년 학업성취도 평가의 사회(중3) 및 국어(고2) 과목의 서답형 문항을 사용하였다. 각 과목에서 1000개의 학생 답안을 추출하여 채점시간과 정확률을 평가하였다. 채점시간을 전체적으로 약 80% 이상 줄일 수 있었고 채점 정확률은 사회 및 국어 과목에 대해 각각 98.7%와 97.2%로 나타났다. 앞으로 자동 채점 시스템의 성능을 개선하고 인간 채점자의 집중도를 높일 수 있도록 인터페이스를 개선한다면 국가수준의 대단위 평가에 충분히 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.