• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.99 no.4
• /
• pp.470-478
• /
• 2010

UV-protection skin whitening and immune activities several parts of Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum were investigated. The bark of both Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum had higher yields than other parts as 2.67% and 2.45%. The cytotoxicity of the extracts were lower than 21.64% against human skin cell(CCD-986sk) line in adding 1.0 mg/mL of the highest concentration. The bark extracts of Acer mono greatly reduced the expression of MMP-1 on UV-irradiated CCD-986sk cells down to as 30%. At 1.0 mg/mL of bark extration of Acer mono, $PGE_2$ expression was also significantly decreased. Generally, the bark extracts of Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum had higher activity than other parts, but, interestingly, wood extract of Acer okamotoanum showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production by Clone-M3 cells as 79.25%. From these results, we could conclude that the bark extract from Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum had skin-whitening activity as well immune enhancement activity.

• 산림경영
• /
• s.148
• /
• pp.58-59
• /
• 2001

산림청에서는 본격적인 고로쇠 수액 채취시기(2$\~$3월)를 맞이하여 수액의 과대채취를 방지하고 사후관리에 적정을 기함으로써 나무를 보호하는 동시에 지역주민 소득증대를 도모하고자 수액채취 허가기준을 대폭 강화하였다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.283-309
• /
• 2001

Acer pictum complex (A. pictum Thunb. ex Murray with varieties, A. okamotoanum Nakai, A. truncatum Bunge) in eastern Asia causes frequent difficulty in identification. One hundred twenty five specimens from A. pictum complex of China, Korea and Japan and A. cappadocicum var. sinicum of China were compared to investigate patterns of intra- and interspecific variation and to evaluate a recognition of several species as well as many varieties using 22 characters for morphometric analysis. The first three PCA accounted for 59% of the total variance. No strong discontinuities existed among taxa with respect to fruit and leaf characters. Much overlap among all taxa occurred the central region of the scatter diagram. Many characters appeared to show some clinal variation with changes from east of China to Japan through Korea. This was true not only when all species as considered as a single taxon, but when characters of individual taxa were compared with geography. As one considers a path from the western part of the ranges to areas to the east, the leaves become larger in most respects and become increasingly many lobed (five to seven or nine). In general, there was a tendency toward larger nutlet with smaller wing in the area toward northeast of China (=A. truncatum), while in the east of ranges (Island Ullung-do), plants were larger with respect to characters of fruit and leaves (=A. okamotoanum). The morphological differentiation between A. okamotoanum and Japanese and Korean individuals of A. pictum was not considered sufficient to warrant recognition of either specific or varietal status and should be treated as con specific under A. pictum var. mono. Since the lectotype of Acer pictum had minute hairs uniformly on the under surface of leaves(A. pictum var. pictum), the glabrous type of A. pictum was called A. pictum var. mono as Ohahsi suggested. The univaraite analysis (the mean and maximum/minium of nutlet size and wing/nutlet length ratio) indicated geographical differentiation of northeastern populations, A. truncatum, was distinctive, but Korean individuals of A. truncatum showed an affinity between Chinese individuals of A. truncatum and Korean individuals of A. Pictum var. mono. The current results, together with qualitative character, trunk features, justify subspecific status for this taxon. The previous varieties of A. mono in Korea were indistinguishable from typical form of A. Pictum var. mono on the basis of the wing angle and nutlet size, rejecting continued recognition of these taxa as distinctive varieties. Therefore, it is recommended that only one polymorphic species of A. pictum be recognized in addition to three varieties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.911-916
• /
• 1995

Even though the saps have been consumed as beverage in Korea for a very long period of time, a little research has been conducted on the chemical composition. We determined mineral, free sugar, composition amino acids and nucleotides in the sap of Gorosoe(Acer mono Max.) and Sugar Maple(Pseudo-sieboldianum Kom.) collected from Sancheong, Kurye and Hamyang. The contents of solid, crude protein and ash were 1.1~3.3%, 0.03~0.12% and 0.02~0.05% in the sap of Gorosoe and Sugar Maple, respectively. The detectable nucleotides were CMP, UMP, IMP, GMP, AMP and hypoxanthine. Free sugar that we determined in the sap of Gorosoe and Sugar Maple were sucrose, fructose and glucose, but maltose was not detected. The chief component of saccharides in the sap was sugar and ranged from 7.1 to 36.6g/L. Especially, the sucrose contents in the sap of Gorosoe and Sugar Maple from Hamyang were higher 3.7 and 2.2 times than those from the other samples. The prominent minerals in the sap were calcium and potassium. The calcium concentration was ranged from 99.0~153.3mg/L in the sap of Gorosoe and was ranged from 21.2~32.4mg/L in that of sugar maple. The sap of Gorosoe and Sugar Maple were composed of 18 and 15 kinds of amino acid respectively, and the total contents of amino acid were in the range of 0.7~29.3mg%. The major amino acids in the sap of Gorosoe were taurine, serine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid in decreasing order. Taurine contents in the sap of Gorosoe and Sugar Maple was found to be the dominant amino acid.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.104 no.2
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to understand the characteristics of flowering and the factors affecting fruiting grades of Acer pictum subsp. mono(APSM), We examined the characteristics of flowering and fruiting in various natural APSM forest, and investigated annual fruiting grade, DBH, tree height, number of APSM trees within 30 m on 29 selected trees in the natural broadleaved forest in Mt. Jungwang in Gangwon-do, from 2009 to 2014. APSM has heterodichogamous sexual system consist of protoandry and protogyny. Eight trees have changed their sex morphs; 3 trees change the sex morph PA to PG, and 5 trees does the sex morph PG to PA. Early fall of young ovary is concentrated until early July. Initially, the small samaras are common, and was gradually increased the samaras suffered insect damage. Most flowers of APSM are pollinated by Andrenidae sp., Syrphidae sp. and Tachinidae sp.. Number of early fall samaras and the status of fallen samaras showed a significant difference by the year and region. Corymbose panicle and young leaves developed on the top of APSM twigs. Newly grown opposite twigs of APSM did not grow sufficiently and had no floral buds. The highest fruiting grade of tree was 9.0, and the mean values was only 3.8. The highest fruiting grade of year was 4.55 in 2013, and the lowest did 0.07 in 2014. Highly significantly correlated and regressed between mean of annual fruiting rates and rates of crown under sun light. This results would imply that thinning for tree growth through improved light absorption might be a method to enhance seed production of APSM in the seed production forest.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.263-267
• /
• 2004

The collecting amount of sap by DBH class and contents of mineral and free sugar in the sap of Acer mono in Mt. Jiri were investigated. The total amount of sap throughout the study period was 315 L. Sap of A. mono were increased with increasing DBH, 67 L(21%), 104 L(33%) and 144 L(46%) from small (below 18㎝), middle (20-28㎝) and large (above 30㎝) diameter tree, respectively. This may be due to increase in crown width and extension of root system. Amounts of sap was required by big temperature fluctuation in day and night. The contents of solid, ash and sugar were 1.90%, 0.02% and 1.64% in the sap of A. mono. Free sugar determined in the sap was sucrose with 16.4 g/L, but glucose, fructose and maltose were not detected. The sap of A. mono was composed of seven kinds of mineral. The prominent minerals in the sap were Ca and K and the concentrations were 548㎎/L and 303㎎/L, respectively.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2010

Vegetation structure and soil condition were analyzed to provide information for effective management of Acer okamotoanum community. Importance value of A. okamotoanum in upper layer was highest as 120.7, and that of Camellia japonica in middle and lower layer was highest as 61.8 and 15.7, while those of A. okamotoanum were 37.5 and 2.6, respectively. Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia which was designated as vulnerable species by Korea National Arboretum began its existence in lower layer. Species diversity and evenness were 0.674 and 0.706 in upper layer, 0.947 and 0.805 in middle layer, and 1.312 and 0.938 in lower layer, respectively. Soil pH of A. okamotoanum community was 5.79. The contents of organic matter, total N, and available $P_2O_5$ were 7.2%, 0.33%, and 51.1ppm, respectively.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to analyze to the applicability of refined saps of Acer mono, A. mono for. rubripes, A. okamotoanum through sap refining system. 1 species of Bacillus genus, 3-4 species of yeast and 2 species of fungi were detected in the origin sap of three Acer spp. The pH in the origin sap were 6.5, and decreased in refining sap as 6.3-6.4. Sucrose in sugar components was detected in the origin and refining sap of Acer spp., but glucose and fructose were not detected. Compared the origin and refining sap, mineral components decreased slightly in refining sap. These results indicate that refining sap of Acer spp. are drinkable with long-term storage.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.378-388
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum condition for sap exudation of Juglans mandshurica in comparison with Acer mono Max. trees in a site of Inje-Gun, Gangwon-Do, Korea. Amount of sap exudation, air temperature, relative air humidity and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) were monitored for the period of February 1 through March 31, 2008, and correlation analysis of several factors affecting on sap exudation was carried out. Sap exudation from J. mandshurica initiated on Feb. 28 as the same time in case of A. mono and continued for a month, and enhanced in early March compared to around the middle of March for A. mono. The amount of sap of A. mono was linearly proportional to the diameter at breast height (DBH) but there was no apparent relationship for J. mandshurica. As the amount of sap exudation per tree increased then sap exudation per unit DBH was also linearly proportional in both J. mandshurica and A. mono. The amount of sap exudation per unit DBH of J. manshurica were $0.3{\pm}0.1{\ell}/cm$ on average, which was one third times of $0.9{\pm}0.1{\ell}/cm$ for A. mono. During the days of enhanced sap exudation, the atmospheric conditions such as air temperature and relative humidity around J. manshurica trees were very similar with those of A. mono. The minimum temperature was a significant factor affecting the amount of sap of J. mandshurica whereas the range of temperature was the principal factor for A. mono. In conclusion, the sap of J. mandshurica exudated in atmospheric conditions similar to A. mono, but the amount of sap was affected by different atmospheric factors compared to A. mono.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2014

To examine the forest structure and variation of samara and leaf shape of Acer pictum subsp. mono (APSM), We investigated forest structure and samara angles and length, and leaf shape in three natural population of APSM in Yanggu-gun, Youngyang-gun and Kwangyang-si from June 2012 to October 2013. Mean importance percentage (MIP) of APSM is shown lower values in Yanggu 19.8%, in Youngyang 22.0%, and in Kwangyang 17.1%, respectively. In middle layer, importance percentage (IP) of APSM is shown lower values than that of Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus cordata. In lower layer, importance percentage (IP) of APSM is shown lower values in Yanggu 1.8%, in Youngyang 1.9%, and in Kwangyang 0.0%, respectively. From these results, MIP of APSM in natural population might be reduced in future. Angles between wings and samara length are significantly different between districts. APSM with seven palmate vein leaf are distributed more frequently at Kwangyang and Youngyang than Yanggu. Percentages of biserrate leaf is shown in Yanggu 0.6%, in Youngyang 15.8%, and in Kwangyang 20.4%, respectively. These results implies genetic variation in natural APSM population and further studies on the genetic variation analysis in natuel population of APSM should be needed.