• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2014

Currently, there are many programs which are now being developed or already developed to predict radionuclide and corrosion product at the stage of designing NPP. However, since there are not many developments in evaluating quantity of activation corrosion products occurring when disassembling a nuclear power plant there exist some difficulties in calculating accurately. In order to evaluate activation products inventory for the research of effect of neutron activation in the reactor vessel, component of nuclear reactor and adjacent structures, it should be evaluated by using operation history of nuclear reactor, material composition of structure and average neutron flux in every field representing fixed structure of nuclear reactor. In this study, CORA, PACTOLE, CRUDSIM, CREAT and ACE codes are analyzed to predict the quantity of radionuclide and corrosion product of primary reactor which is used at the stage of designing. As a future study, the accuracy in calculating the quantity of product corrosion can be increase by finding out the possibility of use and improvement for evaluation of the decontamination.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2004

To develop the red pepper seasoning oil(RPSO), corn oil was used as the base oil. For generating hot taste and color, oleoresin capsicum and oleoresin paprika were mixed to base oil (SSO1). Then, for generating black red color, natural black pigment that is extracted from gardenia and kaoliang was added SSO1 to prepare SSO2. To magnify the hot taste, extract of red pepper, phosphoric salt and emulsifier (monogly 20) were. then added to SSO2 to prepare SSO3. This SSO3 was very similar to real red pepper seed oil as a color and taste, but its hot flavor was not enough. To resolve this problem, we mixed about 5% of another oil(SSO4), which was mingled and roasted red pepper powder with corn oil, to SSO3. In terms of above experiment, RPSO was obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.619-625
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• 2022

In the field of imaging medicine, computed tomography is one of the most common test methods and one of the most frequently used test methods in hospitals. However, it is accompanied by a very high radiation exposure compared to other test methods. In order to reduce exposure, CT scans should be performed only when absolutely necessary, and even if the tests are performed because they are absolutely necessary, a protocol that serves the purpose of the test and allows the test to be performed in a small dose should be used. In this study, we wanted to learn about the most up-to-date radiation dose usage information used by the region's leading general hospitals and develop a diagnostic reference level (DRL). In the experimental results, the Head CT and Abdomen CT tests showed that DLP was higher than the NRPB (U.K) and Korean DRL. The DLP values used by Chest CT were low for all 3 types of CT devices. The hospital found that efforts to reduce exposure should be made during CT examinations, and in particular, Head CT and Abdomen CT determined that efforts to reduce exposure were necessary.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.163-171
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various technical parameters for the dose optimization in pediatric chest radiological examinations by evaluating effective dose and effective detective quantum efficiency (eDQE) including the scatter radiation from the object, the blur caused by the focal spot, geometric magnification and detector characteristics. For the tube voltages ranging from 40 to 90 kVp in 10 kVp increments at the FDD of 100, 110, 120, 150, 180 cm, the eDQE was evaluated at the same effective dose. The results showed that the eDQE was largest at 60 kVp when compares the eDQE at different tube voltage. Especially, the eDQE was considerably higher without the use of an anti-scatter grid on equivalent effective dose. This indicates that the reducing the scatter radiation did not compensate for the loss of absorbed effective photons in the grid. When the grid is not used the eDQE increased with increasing FDD because of the greater effective modulation transfer function (eMTF). However, most of major hospitals in Korea employed a short FDD of 100 cm with an anti-scatter grid for the chest radiological examination of a 15 month old infant. As a result, the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) values for the hospitals of this survey exceeded the Korean DRL (diagnostic reference level) of $100{\mu}Gy$. Therefore, appropriate technical parameters should be established to perform pediatric chest examinations on children of different ages. The results of this study may serve as a baseline to establish detailed reference level of pediatric dose for different ages.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.578-585
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to estimate dietary sodium exposure and to determine the sodium contents of school lunches in Incheon and Gangwon. In this study, we collected 1,334 samples from 8 elementary schools and 8 middle schools for 15 days. The average lunch intakes at the elementary and middle schools were $381.2{\pm}73.8g$ and $460.4{\pm}81.5g$, respectively. The sodium contents of main dishes, side dishes, and desserts were $49.7{\pm}105.6$ mg/100 g, $517.2{\pm}409.2$ mg/100 g, and $135.4{\pm}195.5$ mg/100 g, respectively. The average sodium intakes through lunch at the elementary and middle schools were $863.0{\pm}291.1$ mg and $1,052.1{\pm}323.4$ mg, and average potassium intakes were $571.1{\pm}193.0$ mg and $655.8{\pm}198.4$ mg, respectively. The results of this study show that sodium intake from school lunches is about 47% of the recommended daily intake (RDI, 2,000 mg per day) established by the WHO. Therefore, it is recommended that sodium exposure be continuously monitored.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2004

A Seismic analysis procedure of bi-directional brideg motions is developed by using mechanical bridge model. A three-dimensional mechanical model can consider major phenomena under bi-directional seismic excitations, such as nonlinear pier motion under biaxial bending, pounding and bearing damage due to the rotaion of the superstructure, etc. The analyses utilizing the uni-directional and the bi-directional bridge model for the 3-span simply supported bridge are then performed. The seismic responses in two cases are examined and compared by investigating the relative displacements of each superstructure to both ground and adjacent superstructures and the restoring forces of RC pier. The analysis using either the uni-directional model or bi-directional model is acceptable for estimating the displacement responses of a bridge, but the bi-directional analysis is found to give more conservative results for resisting forces of RC piers. To make general conclusions, therefore, the analysis using the bi-directional bridge model should be performed in evaluating the seismic safety of bridges.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.202-207
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• 2012

The radioactivity inventory significantly affects all steps of decommissioning projects including planning, cost estimation, risk assessment, waste management and site remediation. The decommissioning project of the KRR-2 was completed in 2009 and a large amount of activated concrete waste was generated. The bioshield concrete, containing minute amount of impurity elements, was activated by neutron reaction during the operation of the reactor. A variety radionuclides was generated in the concrete, including $^3H$, $^{14}C$, $^{55}Fe$, $^{60}Co$ $^{63}Ni$, $^{134}Cs$, $^{152}Eu$ and $^{154}Eu$. In this paper, the comparison between the calculated results and previous measured results was carried out to estimate the inventory of the bioshield concrete of the KRR-2. The combined computer codes of MCNP5 and ORIGEN 2.1 for calculation of the distribution of neutron flux, cross-section and generation of radionuclides were used. The results were shown that 99.8% of the total radioactivity of $^3H$, $^{55}Fe$, $^{60}Co$ and $^{152}Eu$ in the bioshield concrete 12 years after shutdown. The effects on the variation of inventory were analysed depending on the operation periods and the cooling times in the bioshield concrete.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.43-53
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• 2005

Objective : The use of herbal therapy is becoming an increasingly attractive approach for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. The Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma is popular in Aisa as a traditional herbal medicine. Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma is a species of the ginger family(Zingiberacease). Method : This study was performed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma extract by the methods of 'carrageenan induced paw edema' and 'Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells'. Result : We suggest that Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma extract decreased paw volume induced by plantar injection of carrageenan. Also Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma extract inhibited nitric oxide, prostaglandin $E_2$ production and induced nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression in Mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Conclusion : This study shows that Alpinia officinari Rhizoma extract seems to have anti-inflammatory effect by inhibition of nitric oxide, prostaglandin $E_2$ production and nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.50-60
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• 2014

This study aims to sort out the plants in "Poetry of the South" what is in the written by Qu Yuan in the Kingdom of Chu and to analyze the utility and appreciation of plants. The conclusions are as follows. First, there were 80 plant names and 56 plant species were sorted out, and these results can confirm that the plants were existed in the 340-277 BC. Second, through analyzing the utility of the plants, herba lycopi, basil etc. as the garden plants; lotus, chrysanthemum etc. as the ornamental plants; galangal and cannabis sativa as the present; basil, musa basjoo, etc. as the sacrifice plants. Third, through analyzing the appreciation of the plants, golden birch, chrysanthemum etc. for gustatory appreciation; herba lycopi and pine tree etc. for tactile appreciation; bamboo for sensory appreciation. Forth, through analyzing the token of the plants, calamus and basil etc. are the symbol of personal character noble; wormwood and caltrop etc. are the symbol of villain. Based on the research of "Poetry of the South", it can help to understand the plants culture in 340-277 BC, and it will be a useful information for the plant design.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2014

Surveys on the consumption of caffeinated beverages by high school students (n=886) were performed. Of the students, 97.0% consumed a variety of caffeinated beverages, including carbonated drinks (90.0%), processed milk and cocoa (79.0%), coffee (63.0), teas (52.1), energy drinks (16.4%) and nourishment drinks (15.5%). The frequency of intake per student was 8.2 times per week. Caffeine intake through the caffeinated beverages was 41.53 mg/day, which was accounted for by coffee (51.5%), carbonated drinks (19.6%), processed milk and cocoa (11.5%), teas (11.4%), energy drinks (5.0%) and nourishment drinks (1.1%). Students with high levels of stress, those who consumed snacks twice a day, and those who used a computer (or smart phone) for more than 3 hours per day showed significantly higher caffeine intake. The groups with high caffeine intake experienced heart palpitations, insomnia and pollakiuria. Students indicated that they consumed the caffeinated beverages for the taste (57.9%), waking up (18.0%), thirst (13.2%), etc. (10.9%). They tended to consume drinks with a high content of caffeine to sleep less. In addition, they rarely checked the label, and showed a lack of awareness of the caffeine contents in the beverages, which calls for education.