• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.71-89
• /
• 2023

A groundwater potential map (GPM) was built for the Nakdonggang River Basin based on ten variables, including hydrogeologic unit, fault-line density, depth to groundwater, distance to surface water, lineament density, slope, stream drainage density, soil drainage, land cover, and annual rainfall. To integrate the thematic layers for GPM, the criteria were first weighted using the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) and then overlaid using the Technique for Ordering Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model. Finally, the groundwater potential was categorized into five classes (very high (VH), high (H), moderate (M), low (L), very low (VL)) and verified by examining the specific capacity of individual wells on each class. The wells in the area categorized as VH showed the highest median specific capacity (5.2 m³/day/m), while the wells with specific capacity < 1.39 m³/day/m were distributed in the areas categorized as L or VL. The accuracy of GPM generated in the work looked acceptable, although the specific capacity data were not enough to verify GPM in the studied large watershed. To create GPMs for the determination of high-yield well locations, the resolution and reliability of thematic maps should be improved. Criterion values for groundwater potential should be established when machine learning or statistical models are used in the GPM evaluation process.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.71-86
• /
• 2023

Although starting a business plays a key role in strengthening national competitiveness and creating jobs, it is recognized as a risky choice. Failure to start a business can result in a wide range of negative effects, such as loss of personal wealth as well as deterioration of national competitiveness. This study considers startups that have reached a level of sustainable growth by achieving performance above the minimum profitability and sales standards for KOSDAQ listing, or achieved EXIT through sale or listing, as successful startups. based on the practical experiences of 23 successful entrepreneurs and Based on perception, the importance and priorities of startup success factors were derived through stratification analysis (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP), and interviews were conducted. In particular, using the ERIS model, we comprehensively analyze various variables of a start-up by considering the four elements of the entrepreneur, resources, industry, and strategy, and examine the changes and importance of success factors according to the characteristics of each growth stage of the start-up. As a goal, we specifically identified the challenges and opportunities faced by entrepreneurs at each stage. As a result of the study, the order of importance of the top factors of success factors in the start-up period was found to be the entrepreneur, resources, industry, and strategy. In particular, the importance of the entrepreneur's entrepreneurship spirit, special capabilities, general capabilities, and human resources was emphasized. The order of importance of the top factors of success factors during the growth period was found in the following order: entrepreneur, resources, industry, and strategy. In particular, the importance of general capabilities, entrepreneurship, and human and organizational resources was emphasized. This study is significant in that it analyzes startup success factors from the perspective of successful entrepreneurs and provides useful insights and directions to entrepreneurs and policy makers.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.62 no.1
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2024

The long-term use of an implant overdenture shows problems, such as wear of attachment, concentrated occlusal forces on the anterior teeth, fracture of artificial teeth and rotation of denture. By transitioning to an Implant-assisted removable partial denture (IARPD) using additional implant placement, the problems can be solved. In this case report, a transition was made from implant overdenture to IARPD utilizing surveyed crowns to distribute occlusal forces concentrated on anterior teeth and to prevent denture rotation in a skeletal Class III patient. Design of definitive prosthesis with appropriate function and aesthetics was determined through several stages of provisional restorations. In this case, appropriate posterior occlusion and maintenance of peri-implant bone level of definitive prosthesis were observed.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.163-175
• /
• 2024

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between rehabilitation treatment, mental state and resilience of stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation by examining the correlation between The Core Seven Emotions Inventory-Short Form (CSEI-s) and the Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (K-CD-RISC). Methods: All 104 participants (44 diagnosed with stroke who were receiving rehabilitation and 60 without stroke or psychiatric history) completed the CSEI-s, K-CD-RISC, and Questionnaire for stroke symptoms. All data were analyzed using by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver. 27.0. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: As a result of the CSEI-s, compared to the control group, the stroke group showed significantly lower Joy (喜) scores and significantly higher scores for Depression (憂) and Sorrow (悲). With a morbidity period of 12 months or less, the Thought (思) score was significantly higher. The Fear (恐) score was significantly higher when the rehabilitation was initiation more than 4~8 weeks after than that when the treatment was started immediately. Meanwhile, the K-CD-RISC score was significantly higher when rehabilitation was started immediately. In the stroke group, the K-CD-RISC score was positively correlated with Joy (喜) but negatively correlated with Depression (憂) and Fear (恐). In the control group, K-CD-RSIC showed a positive correlation with Joy (喜) but negative correlations with Depression (憂), Sorrow (悲), and Fear (恐). Conclusions: In addition to early rehabilitation treatment, mental approach through Korean medicine psychotherapy is crucial for enhancing the resilience of stroke patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.570-593
• /
• 1996

This study was intended to perform the influence of condyle positional change after surgical correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion after BSSRO in 20 patients(males 9, females 11) using computed tomogram that were taken in centric occlusion before, immediate, and long term after surgery and lateral cephalogram that were taken in centric occlusion before, 7 days within the period intermaxillary fixation, 24hour after removing intermaxillary fixation and long term after surgery. 1. Mean intercondylar distance was $84.45{\pm}4.01mm$ and horizontal long axis of condylar angle was $11.89{\pm}5.19^{\circ}$on right, $11.65{\pm}2.09^{\circ}$on left side and condylar lateral poles were located about 12mm and medial poles about 7mm from reference line(AA') on the axial tomograph. Mean intercondylar distance was $84.43{\pm}3.96mm$ and vertical axis angle of condylar angle was $78.72{\pm}3.43^{\circ}$on right, $78.09{\pm}6.12^{\circ}$on left. 2. No statistical significance was found on the condylar change(T2C-T1C) but it had definitive increasing tendency. There was significant decreasing of the distance between both condylar pole and the AA'(p<0.05) during the long term(TLC-T2C). 3. On the lateral cephalogram, no statistical significance was found between immediate after surgery and 24 hours after the removing of intermaxillary fixation but only the lower incisor tip moved forward about 0.33mm(p<0.05). Considering individual relapse rate, mean relapse rate was 1.2% on L1, 5.0% on B, 2.0% on Pog, 9.1% on Gn, 10.3% on Me(p<0.05). 4. There was statistical significance on the influence of the mandibular set-back to the total mandibular relapse(p<0.05). 5. There was no statistical significance on the influence of the mandibular set-back(T2-T1) to the condylar change(T2C-T1C), the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C) to the mandibular total relapse, the pre-operative condylar position to the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C), the pre-operative mandibular posture to the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C)(p>0.05). 6. The result of multiple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative condylar position to the total mandibular relapse revealed that the more increasing of intercondylar distance and condylar vertical axis angle and decreasing of condyalr head long axis angle, the more increasing of mandibular horizontal relapse(L1,B,Pog,Gn,Me) on the right side condyle. The same result was founded in the case of horizontal relapse(L1,Me) on the left side condyle.(p<0.05). 7. The result of multiple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative condylar position to the pre-operative mandibular posture revealed that the more increasing of intercondylar distance and condylar vertical axis angle and decreasing of condylar head long axis angle, the more increasing of mandibular vertical length on the right side condyle. and increasing of vertical lengh & prognathism on the left side condyle(p<0.05). 8. The result of simple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative mandibular posture to the mandibular total relapse revealed that the more increasing of prognathism, the more increasing of mandibular total relapse in B and the more increasing of over-jet the more increasing of mandibular total relapse(p<0.05). Consequently, surgical mandibular repositioning was not significantly influenced to the change of condylar position with condylar reposition method.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.42-46
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) plays a major role in lipoprotein metabolism and lipid transport. Many investigators have described that Apo E polymorphisms is one of the most important genetic determinants for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between Apo E polymorphisms and serum lipid profiles in obese adolescent. Methods : We measured the serum concentrations of glucose, apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, Apo B, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL and LDL-cholesterol after overnight fasting in obese adolescent. Apo E polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results : 86 obese adolescents participated in this study. The body mass index (BMI) of participants were excess of 95 percentile by age and sex. Male to female ratio was 1.7 and mean age of study group was $16.2{\pm}1.8\;years$. Mean BMI was $27.4{\pm}2.5kg/m^2$. The frequency of ${\varepsilon}2$, ${\varepsilon}3$ and ${\varepsilon}4$ allele were 8.1%, 87.2% and 4.7% respectively. Study populations were classified into the following three genotypes 1) Apo E2 group (n=13, 15.1%) carrying either the ${\varepsilon}2/{\varepsilon}2$ or ${\varepsilon}2/{\varepsilon}3$ 2) Apo E3 group (n=65, 75.6%) carrying the most frequent ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}3$ 3) Apo E4 group (n=8, 9.3%) carrying either the ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$ or ${\varepsilon}4/{\varepsilon}4$. No differences were found among Apo E genotypes concerning age, sex, weight, height and BMI. Apo B and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the Apo E4 group (P<0.05). No association were found between Apo E genotypes and glucose, Apo A1, TC, TG and HDL. Conclusions : We confirmed that serum concentrations Apo B and LDL-cholesterol were influenced by Apo E genotypes. Apo E polymorphisms seems to influence some alteration of lipid metabolism associated with obesity in adolescent.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2009

Characteristics of natural radioactivity were investigated for soils collected from seven sites of different bed rocks distributed in the Keum River area of Korea by the use of a Gamma-ray spectrometry. Specific activity (SA) and SA ratio (SAR) of typical naturally occurring radioactive nuclide such as $^{226}$Ra, $^{228}$Ac and $^{40}$K were determined for the soil samples. The SA values of $^{226}$Ra, $^{228}$Ac and $^{40}$K in 41 soils of 7 sites are 26.7-485 (74.2 ${\pm}$ 72.2), 30.9-157 (90.7 ${\pm}$ 32.7) and 203-1558 (990 ${\pm}$ 203) Bq/kg, respectively. The SA of $^{226}$Ra has very different values by the soils and the sites. Especially the SA of $^{226}$Ra in a soil sample of Ogcheon site is 485 Bq/kg while most SA of 41 soil samples are < 100 Bq/kg. SA of $^{228}$Ac has a little different values with the soils and sites, however the SA of $^{40}$K has almost constant values in all soil samples. The SAR values of $^{26}$Ra/$^{228}$Ac, $^{226}$Ra/$^{40}$K and $^{228}$Ac/$^{40}$K in 41 soils of 7 sites are 0.343-6.11 (0.865 ${\pm}$ 0.883), 0.0258-0.759 (0.0814 ${\pm}$ 0.1l17) and 0.0373-0.178 (0.0945 ${\pm}$ 0.0373), respectively. The SARs of $^{226}$Ra/$^{228}$Ac and $^{226}$Ra/$^{40}$K have very different values by the soils and the sites, however the SAR of $^{228}$Ac/$^{40}$K has a little difference by the soil and sites.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.34 no.10
• /
• pp.656-663
• /
• 2012

After the construction of waterworks automatic meter reading with 15 mm diameter digital water mater with magnetoresistance sensor developed in this study at 96 households of apartment complexes located in Incheon-City B-Gu S-Dong, the feasibility of field application of waterworks automatic meter reading was evaluated. The field application of waterworks automatic meter reading was performed from July to December in 2011, and average reception rate was as low as 84.6% due to the instable wibro networks, the existence of communication blackout and temporary malfunction of router. After the extraction of 10 households with one to five residents out of 96 households by using stratified random sampling method and analysis of domestic water use, it was found that domestic water use was significant at August and showed a decreasing trend at September, followed by increase in domestic water use at November and decrease in domestic water use at December. This phenomenon should be attributed to weather factors (temperature, humidity, etc.), which significantly affected domestic water use. Similar trend in domestic water use in terms of weather factors was obtained in case of Liter per capita day of water use after the extraction of 30 households out of 96 households by using stratified random sampling method. After analysis of Liter per capita day for 96 households, single residents increases resulted in reduction of domestic water usage by about 14% of Liter per capita day. These results might be due to the fact that domestic water usage such as laundry, beverages, catering, cleaning, etc. should be required for even the household with one resident, whereas domestic water usage for those common utilization can be significantly saved for the household with more than one resident.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.32 no.4 s.93
• /
• pp.241-255
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to evaluate horizontal and vertical characteristics according to lateral cephalometry of adult Korean skeletal Class II patients using a selected horizontal and vortical reference planes of Koreans. 60 males and 60 females consisting of freshman of Yonsei University from 1996 to 1997 and patients with history of orthognatic surgery at the Dental Hospital of Yonsei University with a skeletal Class II profile were chosen and compared with 70 males and 70 females with normal occlusion. The skeletal Class R group had the following conditions : 1. Profile composed of a retrognathic mandible or protrusive maxilla; 2. Class II molar and canine key; 3. ANB-greater than $4^{\circ}; 4$. Wits appraisal-greater than 1.0mm; Cephalometric analysis consisted of 22 skeletal, 25 soft tissue, 12 dental measurements. The results were as follows. 1. There was no considerable vortical measurement difference between the skeletal Class II malocclusion group and the normal occlusion group in skeletal analysis. But, some variations were found between the two groups in soft tissue analysis. 2. Mandibular length of the skeletal Class II malocclusion group was smaller than that of the normal occlusion group. Mandible was more posteriorly positioned in the Class II malocclusion group than in the normal occlusion group. 3. The length and antero-posterior position of the maxilla were not different between the Class II malocclusion and the normal occlusion group. 4. The antero-posterior position of the nose, upper lip and maxillary soft tissue, and nasolabial angle were not different between the two groups. 5. Mandibular soft tissue of the Class H malocclusion group was more posteriorly positioned than that of the normal. 6. The vertical measurements of the incisors(U1-HP, L1-HP) were bigger in the Class II malocclusion group than in the normal, but those of the molars(U6-HP, U6-MP) showed no significant difference between the two groups. 7 Classifying the skeletal Class II malocclusion group according to the antero-posterior position of both jaws, normally positioned maxilla and retruded mandible was 43.3%, both normally positioned maxilla and mandible 28.3%, both retruded maxilla and mandible 20.0%..

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.297-313
• /
• 1997

The purposes of this study were to compare the soft tissue changes following hard tissue change after surgery between the one jaw and two-jaw surgery in skeletal class III patients and to get the reference of the incisal inclination at presurgical orthodontics. For this study 24 patients for the two-jaw surgery group and 18 patients for one jaw surgery group were selected. Lateral cephalograms were taken at pretreatment, after presurgical orthodontic treatment, immediately after surgical treatment and at least 6 months after surgery. They were traced and analyzed on skeletodental structure and soft tissue. The results were as follows: 1. After surgery, maxilla, maxillary incisors and upper lip were moved anteriorly and superiorly in two-jaw surgery group. Mandible and mandibular incisors were moved posteriorly and superiorly, and thickness of lower lip was increased in both group but there were no statistically significant difference. Anterior facial height was more decreased in two-jaw surgery group (p<0.05). At least 6 months after surgery, by the postorthodontic treatment, maxillary incisors were moved labially 1.44mm, mandible and mandiibular incisors were moved lingually 1.43mrn, 1.26mm respectively in one jaw surgery group. But there was no statistically significant changes of hard tissue in two :jaw surgery group. 2. The correlation coefficients of maxillary hard and soft tissue horizontal changes were high in two jaw surgery group and the ratios for soft tissue to A point were 19% at Sri, 80% at SLS, 82% at LS. The ratios for soft tissue to B point were 92% at LI, 104% at ILS in one jaw surgery group, 89% at LI, 101% at ILS in two-jaw surgery group. 3. The correlation coefficients and change ratios of mandibular incisors and LL HS on lower lip horizontal changes were 0 0.89 and 75%, 85% in one jaw surgery group, 0.93, 0.90 and 76%, 87% in two-jaw surgery group. The correlation coefficients of maxillary incisors and Sn, SLS and LS on upper lip horizontal changes were 072, 0.76 and 0.75 in two jaw surgery group and ratios of changes were 57%, 58% and 59%. 4. The regression equations between skeletal horizontal discrepancy and incisal inclinaton were taken in one jaw surgery group. Those were FMIA=57.48-2.17ANB, U1-SN=-75.02+2.17SNB and $R^2$ were 0.63, 063 respectively. So if there is skeletal horizontal discrepancy by mandibular prognathism in one jaw surgery case, we consider attaining more labial inclination of maxillary incisors than normal and more lingual inclination of mandibular incisors than normal. But correlation coefficient of the regression equations in two jaw surgery group was low, so, that equation was not reliable.